The world demand for energy is estimated to increase by up to 70% from 2016 to 2040. To meet this demand in a sustainable way, the power density of electric motors and generators can be increased by using superconducting materials. In particular, trapped field superconducting magnets, where the field is generated by a circulating persistent current in the sample, can create magnetic fields an order of magnitude higher than possible using conventional ferromagnets, thus increasing the power density of motors and generators. This is of great interest where added weight comes at a premium, such as for naval propulsion motors, wind generators and motors/generators for future electric aircraft. This work investigates the suitability of stacked tape layers of second generation high temperature superconductors (HTS), such as YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) for trapped field applications. The present limits for trapped field magnitude have been determined, which provide a basis for the optimization of pulsed field magnetization techniques for in-situ magnetization in motors and generators. Trapped fields were increased by optimising the magnetic pulse sequence, using thermally conductive material to reduce temperature rise during pulse and changing the duration of the magnetic field pulse. Finite element method computer modelling was used to model and predict the behaviour of the trapped field magnets made of HTS tape with good agreement to experiment for both field cooling and pulsed field magnetisation. The models rely on critical current data for the HTS tape and its dependence on magnetic field and temperature. For this reason, a critical current testing facility was developed and constructed as a part of this work capable of measuring critical current up to 900 A, magnetic field of 1.5 T and down to temperatures of ~10 K in forced and dynamically controlled helium vapour flow. Lastly, first steps into scaling up by pulse magnetising an array of HTS tape stacks were made, allowing for larger overall trapped flux values. Such an array exhibits geometry, similar to what is going to be used in a functional motor prototype being developed in our research group (Applied Superconductivity and Cryoscience Group, ASCG). The work done culminated in the highest trapped field achieved to date using both field cooling (13.4 T between two stacks) and pulsed field magnetization (2.1 T above a single stack), for this type of trapped field magnet.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 filenga_d_me_bauru.pdf: 7092752 bytes, checksum: 39027609a3847f35afe9186806ee8144 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Na presente dissertação realizou-se o estudo das forças críticas e do comportamento dinâmico dos vórtices magnéticos de fitas supercondutoras do tipo II com arranjos conformes de centros de aprisionamento (pinning), bem como de diversos outros tipos de arranjos e também de diferentes trechos de arranjos. Além dos efeitos da geometria finita e aprisionamento, foi analisado o comportamento do sistema ao variar parâmetros externos como força de transporte e campo magnético. Os sistemas simulados correspondem a supercondutores bidimensionais, finitos na direção transversal e infinitos na direção longitudinal. A descrição das interações existentes no sistema pôde ser feita através de um conjunto de equações de Langevin, as quais foram resolvidas utilizando a técnica de Dinâmica Molecular. As soluções destas equações permitiram, dentre outros resultados, a obtenção das trajetórias e velocidades dos vórtices. Através das trajetórias, foi possível determinar o comportamento dinâmico das linhas de fluxo, e através das velocidades, os valores de força crítica. Para obter as posições iniciais dos vórtices, foi utilizado um algoritmo de Recozimento Simulado Generalizado (Generalized Simulated Annealing), o qual permitiu obter as configurações de menor energia do sistema. Os cálculos realizados foram feitos para 154 diferentes sistemas, que consistiram na análise do comportamento das interações neles existentes ao variar o campo magnético externo (H) aplicado nas amostras, bem como na análise dos efeitos de tamanho das fitas supercondutoras, utilizando diferentes arranjos e trechos de arranjos de centros de aprisionamento. Para o estudo da influência do campo magnético aplicado, foi feita uma varredura com diferentes valores de H e um valor fixo de largura de fita, tanto para o arranjo conforme quanto para os arranjos quadrado, aleatório, hexagonal e conforme deformado de centros de aprisionamento, a fim de realizar comparações. Para o estudo dos efeitos de tamanho, foram utilizados valores fixos de campo magnético externo aplicado e diferentes larguras de fita, com arranjos de centros de aprisionamento conforme, aleatório e conforme deformado, bem como diferentes trechos dos arranjos conforme e conforme deformado. Em todos os casos, a densidade de centros de aprisionamento, para efeitos de comparação, foi mantida constante para todos os tipos de arranjos e trechos de arranjos. Os resultados mostram que o arranjo conforme de centros de aprisionamento, e também trechos desse arranjo, apresentam maior estabilidade que os outros tipos de arranjos e trechos de arranjos analisados, revelando, com algumas exceções, maiores valores de força crítica para os valores de campo utilizados. Este resultado também pode ser observado em simulações numéricas que lidam com sistemas supercondutores infinitos. Entretanto, foi possível notar que o aumento na força crítica depende significativamente dos valores de campo magnético aplicados. Enquanto que em sistemas infinitos são reportados acréscimos nas forças críticas, para todos os valores de campo analisados, que podem chegar a até 100% para o arranjo conforme em relação a arranjos aleatórios de centros de aprisionamento, para o caso de fitas supercondutoras encontramos acréscimos nas forças críticas, para todos os valores de campo analisados em sistemas com largura fixa, que chegam a até 65,22%, aproximadamente, para o arranjo conforme em relação a arranjos aleatórios, bem como acréscimos que chegam a até 140% para o arranjo conforme em relação ao arranjo hexagonal de centros de aprisionamento. Ao variar a largura das amostras, encontramos acréscimos de até 81,82%, aproximadamente, para o arranjo conforme e, para trechos do arranjo conforme, um acréscimo de até 127,27%, aproximadamente, na força crítica em relação a arranjos aleatórios de centros de aprisionamento, considerando diferentes valores de H. / In this work we study the critical forces and dynamic behavior of magnetic vortices in type II superconducting tapes with conformal pinning arrays, as well several other types of arrays and also parts of arrays. In addition to the effects of finite geometry and pinning, we analyze system behavior by varying external parameters such as transport force and magnetic field. The simulated systems corresponds a two-dimensional superconductor, finite in the transverse direction and infinite in the longitudinal direction. The description of the interactions existing in the system can be made via a set of Langevin equations which were solved using Molecular Dynamics techniques. The solutions of these equations allowed, among other results, to obtain the trajectories and velocities of the vortices. Through the trajectories, it was possible to determine the dynamic behavior of the vortex lines, and through the velocities, the values of critical force. To obtain the initial positions of the vortices, we use a Generalized Simulated Annealing algorithm, which sought the settings of the lower energy system. Our calculations were made for 154 different systems, consisting in analyzing the interaction behavior contained in the systems by varying the external magnetic field (H) applied in the samples and the analysis of size effects of superconducting tapes using different arrays and parts of arrays of pinning centers. To study the influence of the applied magnetic field, a scan was taken with different values of H and a fixed value of tape width, both the conformal as for square, random, hexagonal and deformed conformal pinning centers, in order to make comparisons. To study the effects of size, were used fixed values of an external applied magnetic field and different widths of tapes, with the conformal, random and deformed conformal pinning centers, as well different parts of the conformal and deformed conformal arrays. In all cases, the density of pinning centers, for the purpose of comparison, were kept constant for all types of arrays, and parts of arrays. The results show that the conformal pinning array, and also parts of this array, exhibit greater stability than other types of arrays and parts of arrays, showing, with some exceptions, higher values of critical forces for the field values used. This result can also be observed in numerical simulations dealing with infinite superconducting systems. However, it was noticeable that the increase in critical force significantly depends on the magnetic field values applied. While in infinite systems are reported increases in critical forces to all field values analyzed which can reach up to 100% for a conformal array of pinning centers in relation to random arrays [1], for the case of superconducting tapes we found increases in critical forces for all field values analyzed in systems with fixed width, which reach up to 65.22%, approximately, to the conformal array in relation to random arrays, and increases to reach up to 140% to the conformal array in relation to the hexagonal array of pinning centers. By varying the width of the samples, there are increases up to 81.82%, approximately, for conformal pinning array, and for parts of a conformal pinning array, an increase of up to 127.27% approximately in critical force in relation to random pinning arrays, considering different H values.