No description available.

The topic of this thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part deals with the population of the wild boar in the Czech Republic aiming to analyse its structure and predict its development. It was necessary to carry out various calculations according to Kolář (2014) methods to produce this work. The second part of the thesis deals with the issue of age estimation of hunted wild boar with a focus to Mitchell's methods and its practical use. For purposes of this work these methods were applied to statistically representative sample of wild boar's lower jaws, while using a new ways of visualisation of the dental cement layers.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T12:42:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 tayra_sato_ioc_mest_2014.pdf: 1832340 bytes, checksum: c22f34f0baf47de8b8ef8a83382d0318 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Os insetos estão entre os primeiros e mais importantes invertebrados que colonizam corpos de vertebrados em decomposição. Os ovos e as larvas depositados por esses insetos podem ser utilizados na estimativa do intervalo pós-morte (IPM) através da observação do seu ciclo de desenvolvimento, sendo mais um instrumento para auxiliar peritos e analistas criminais durante investigações jurídicas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a biodiversidade e distribuição temporal de insetos que participam do processo de decomposição, com ênfase nos dípteros (Muscomorpha) em carcaças de porcos domésticos (Sus scrofa L.), em uma fazenda de gado de corte, localizada a 70 km de Campo Grande, em área de cerrado do Mato Grosso do Sul, em duas estações do ano (verão = período chuvoso e inverno = período seco), em três diferentes pontos da fazenda, utilizando armadilha do tipo Shannon modificada, com o intuito de verificar qualitativamente e quantitativamente as principais espécies que participam da decomposição de carcaças e quais as utilizam como substrato de criação de seus imaturos no Cerrado de MS. No total foram coletados 29.463 espécimes identificados e distribuídos em quatro famílias (Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Sarcophagidae e Fanniidae) A espécie mais abundante durante as duas estações foi Tricharaea (Sarcophagula) occidua pertencente à família Sarcophagidae. A temperatura e a umidade relativa do ar registradas durante o dia foram semelhantes entre as estações. No verão a abundância de insetos atraídos foi maior que no inverno, no entanto a duração do tempo de decomposição não difere muito entre as estações e nem mesmo entre os ambientes. Esses fatores abióticos não causaram interferência na duração dos estágios e do processo de demposicao das carcaças. Em relação à diversidade, o inverno ficou a frente, apresentando espécies potenciais indicadoras de sazonalidade e ambiente. A única espécie que teve exemplares emerdidos na forma adulta e efetivamente colonizou as carcaças, durante os experimentos, foi Chrysomya albiceps sendo, portanto, o melhor indicador forense nestes experimentos / Insects are among the first and the most important invertebrates which colonize decaying bodies of vertebrates. Eggs and larvae deposited by these insects can be used to estimate the postmortem interval (PMI) through the observation of their development cycle. In this way they became one more tool in the assistance to crime analysts and experts during legal investigations. The present work aimed to study the biodiversity and temporal distribution of Diptera (Muscomorpha) on carcasses of domestic pig ( Sus scrofa L.) as well as other insect orders that participate in the decomposition processes of carcasses in a beef cattle farm, located 70 km from Campo Grande , in cerrado of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS). The collections were made using a Shannon modified trap during two seasons (summer = dry season and winter = wet season) in three different sites of the farm. The insects were captured in order to analyze qualitativ ely and quantitatively the main species that participate in the decomposition of carcasses and which one uses this substrate as the breeding site to their immature. In total 29.463 specimens were collected, identified and distributed in four families (Call iphoridae, Muscidae, Sarcophagidae and Fanniidae). The most abundant species during the two seasons was Tricharaea ( Sarcophagula ) occidua that belongs to the family Sarcophagidae. The temperature and relative humidity recorded during the day were similar b etween seasons. In the summer the abundance of attracted insects was higher than in the winter; however the duration of the decomposition process does not differ much between seasons and even between environments. These abiotic factors did not cause interf erence in the duration of stages and the carcasses decomposition process. Winter presented higher levels of diversity of species that are potential seasonal and environmental indicators. The only species that emerged from the carcasses during the experimen ts was Chrysomya albiceps

Angl. resumé

No description available.

In order to investigate if difference in personality is depended on the teat positions in piglets, Sus scrofa, 63 piglets, from 21 litters, were studied. The piglets were at an age between 9 and 31 days. 3 piglets in each of the 21 litters, one that suckled at an anterior teat, one at a middle teat, and one at a posterior teat, were studied during lactation, undisturbed activity, and introduction to a novel object respectively to new straw. In total thirteen behaviors were recorded. The only significant difference between the teat position were disputes during suckling (P=0.018). There was a tendency of playing during undisturbed activity (P=0.062) between the teat positions. There were significant differences between the litters for every behavior except for inactive piglet lying alone (P=0.108) and when exploring new straw (P=0.584). There is only evidence for behavioral differences for the frequency of disputes during suckling between piglets at different teat positions. A principal component analysis, which accounted for 64.2 % of the variance, suggested four personality traits: exploration (19.2 %), playfulness (17.5 %), interest in food (14.8 %), and interest in straw (10.9 %). However, no significant differences were found for these components for the different teat positions.

The theme of this thesis is "Radiocesium levels in selected game". The aim of the work was to use gammaspectrometric analysis and carry out a measurement of 137Cs content in meat samples of selected game from several locations in the Czech Republic. Thirty samples of muscles from 15 wild pigs were analysed. Samples were taken from 6 locations in Czech Republic. Measurement of the samples was performed in different geometries: Marinelli beakers (500 ml), PE bottles (100 ml) and Petri dishes (10ml). The aim was to compare measured 137Cs activities with published data and within particular locations, compare 137Cs activities in different geometries and assess the importance of radionuclides in the meat from the perspective of food safety. The results showed that in areas of larger fallout after the Chernobyl accident 137Cs in wild pig meat is still possible to measure over limit. Comparing different measurement geometries was found that the Petri dish (10 ml meat sample) can be used as an alternative and acceptable geometry.

The thesis on the topic of the use of laboratory swine in biomedical research is focused on the detailed description of phylogeny and domestication of the species Sus scrofa and the origin of its domesticated form Sus scrofa domestica, a laboratory breeding, nutrition, requirements for space and the animal health conditions. Physiological and anatomical similarities pig with the human organism offers a wide range of the applications in various sectors of the medical research. Pigs, or rather the mini pig breeds are part of the preclinical testing of drugs in toxicology. In dermatology tend to be an experimental model in the healing wounds and burns, or the study of melanoma. Cardiovascular system of pigs is used in connection with the formation of atherosclerosis and congenital heart defects. The omnivorousness of pigs to test of dietary supplements; is also monitored in experimental diabetes, gastric ulcer or cirrhosis of the liver. Just the liver and their ability to regenerate them is in the laboratory pigs the focus of many research groups around the world. The central nervous system offers the opportunity to study stroke, or spinal cord injury. In transgenic animals is studied Huntington's disease and its treatment in humans. Titanium implants and various types of biomaterials are injected into the skeletal system of a pig, then reactions and bone healing are examined. In the area of experimental xenotransplantation could in the future be strains of genetically modified pigs become a source of organs for humans. While unresolved problem is the HAR-Hyperacute Rejection so rejection of the implant, and the risk of transmission of certain diseases from pigs to humans. Payoff experimental pigs is of undoubted importance and need this potential wisely and purposefully use, without wasting experimental animals and unnecessary pain. Emphasis should be placed on adherence to regulatory compliance and the concept of 3R. Actual laboratory pigs breeding is at a high standard. Unfortunately, his major weakness on global scale is incomplete reported data related to exact values used pigs in experiments. In the Czech Republic was the most laboratory pigs used in 1994 exactly 6882 pieces, in 1998 has been used 7122 pieces, higher number of laboratory swine was also reported for the year 2009, namely 4445 pieces. In recent years, the numbers of used laboratory pigs in the Czech Republic have settled around an average value of 2,400 pieces. Using the Mann-Whitney U test were compared to the values used in the laboratory pigs Czech Republic and the European Union, on a per capita basis. From the resulting value of p = 0.486, bigger than alpha = 0.05 it follows, that was not proved a difference in the use of experimental pigs between the Czech Republic and the other member states of the European Union. On the basis of the carried out statistical survey, it can be concluded that the fluctuations and trends in the use of laboratory pigs in the Czech Republic do not replicate those european. The established hypothesis was confirmed.

Submitted by Talita Ribeiro Silva null (talitavet09@hotmail.com) on 2016-04-11T18:47:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Talita_Ribeiro_Silva.pdf: 797583 bytes, checksum: d8675ee11d59f5a25629f6f09061d93f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-12T13:42:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_tr_me_jabo.pdf: 797583 bytes, checksum: d8675ee11d59f5a25629f6f09061d93f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-12T13:42:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_tr_me_jabo.pdf: 797583 bytes, checksum: d8675ee11d59f5a25629f6f09061d93f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A leptospirose é uma zoonose que causa grandes prejuízos para a saúde pública e para a saúde animal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a ocorrência de anticorpos contra 20 sorogrupos de Leptospira spp. em diferentes espécies de animais de vida livre do Pantanal do Mato Grosso do Sul. Foram utilizadas 224 amostras de soro de animais de vida livre das sub-regiões de Nhecolândia e Paiaguás, no Mato Grosso do Sul, provenientes de um banco de soros da Embrapa Pantanal. As amostras foram submetidas ao teste de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM), utilizando diluição inicial de 1/50 para os animais selvagens e 1/100 para os suínos ferais. As frequências de reagentes de acordo com o sexo e de acordo com a faixa etária foram comparadas por meio do teste exato de Fisher e os cálculos foram realizados com o auxílio do programa R. Dos 35 cachorros-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous), 37,14% foram considerados reagentes e os sorogrupos mais frequentes foram Pomona, Pyrogenes, Grippotyphosa e Canicola. Entre os quatis (Nasua nasua), 22,22% apresentaram reação na SAM, e quanto aos sorogrupos, Pomona foi o mais frequente. Dos 95 veados-campeiros (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) avaliados, 31,58% foram reagentes, sendo os sorogrupos mais frequentes o Pomona e o Autumnalis. Para os suínos em estado feral (Sus scrofa), 36,84% foram sororreagentes e os sorogrupos mais encontrados foram Pomona e Icterohaemorrhagiae. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as frequências de reagentes em relação às faixas etárias e ao sexo em nenhuma das espécies estudadas. Neste estudo, foram encontradas altas frequências de animais selvagens e de suídeos ferais sororreagentes. Para todas as espécies, a maior proporção de reações foi contra o sorogrupo Pomona. / Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that causes great damage to public health and animal health. The objective of this investigation was to study the occurrence of antibodies against 20 Leptospira spp. serogroups in different species of free-ranging animals of Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Serum samples of 224 animals from the subregions of Nhecolândia and Paiaguás in Mato Grosso do Sul were collected and tested through the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), at an initial dilution of 1/50 for wild animals and 1/100 for feral swine. The frequencies of reagents according to sex and according to age group were compared using Fisher's exact test, and the calculations were performed with the software R. Of the 35 crabeating foxes, 37.14% reacted to Leptospira, and the most frequent serogroups were Pomona, Pyrogenes and Canicola. For coatis, of the 18 samples examined, only four 22.22% showed reaction in MAT, and Pomona was the most frequent serogroup. Of the 95 deer evaluated, 31.58% were reactors, and the most common serogroups were Pomona and Autumnalis. For feral pigs, of the 76 samples analyzed, 36.84% were reactors and the most frequent serogroups were Pomona and Icterohaemorrhagiae. There was no significative difference between the frequency of male and female reactors, and among the age groups in any of the animal species studied. This study found high frequencies of wild animals and feral swine reactors. For all species, the highest proportion of reactions was observed against serogroup Pomona.

Diploma Thesis focuses on adult wild boar females and analysis of their reproductive potential based on data obtained on drives during main reproduction period (August to January) at 30 areas of interest throughout the Czech Republic in years 2014–2017. Average value detection of Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) out of gravid female wild boars 0,0097 and out of all samples 0,0071. Rut period based on the age of fetuses is from October to January and expected dates of birth are determined by shifting the length of pregnancy towards the rut period with a peak in March. The litter size has just low correlation with the weight and very low with the age, average litter size in adult wild boar females is 6,1 youngsters for hoggets and 6,3 youngsters for wild sows. Average embryonic mortality reaches 13 %. The total sex ratio of piglets is 1:1,08 (M:F), the sex ratio of piglets for hoggets is 1:1,13 and for wild sows 1:1. The resulting finding of this analysis is, that there is no significant difference between the average litter size of hoggets and wild sows, so it is recommended to regulate the number of adult wild boar females year-round irrespective of age of the individuals.