Sustainableefficient lighting is becoming seen as one of the mostimportant issues in the office environment In Sweden, energydemandfor lighting corresponds to 20 of the total electricity use in officebuildings 31 while lighting form on average 33 1 of the electricityconsumption in UK office buildingsThisthesis investigate how to make lighting in offices more sustainableand focus on energy efficiency, to save energy through creating guidelinesrelated to light source technologies lighting control systems and the userbehavior then apply those guidelines to an existing office throughsuggesting a new lighting designTheexisting office in this case is the ÅF company 10 th office floor locatedin Stockholm SwedenThisinvestigation methodology consist of 2 main parts literature review andProject ( study At the first part, methods used are a combination ofliterature review related to saving energy through sustainability in lightingand how light source technology lighting control systems and the effect ofuser behavior could help to create more energy efficient lighting systemsAtthe second part, methods used in the Project study analyzed throughqualitative methods through surveys in addition to quantitative methodthrough and personal observations The used methods helped to createguidelines for the new suggested lighting design for ÅF 10 th office floorpartTheResults shows that the new suggested lighting design saved up to31 96 than the current lighting situation3

Syfte: Studiens syfte är att belysa utmaningarna som uppstår när byggnader blir alltmer välisolerade för att uppfylla ställda energikrav blir köldbryggornas andel av värmeförlusterna allt större. Köldbryggorna består oftast av svårisolerade anslutningar mellan olika byggnadsdelar och studien undersöker hur det hanteras under projekteringsskedet. Därutöver studeras hur köldbryggornas inverkan för det termiska klimatet förmedlas vidare till en VVS-konstruktör som räknar värmebehovet för att täcka alla förluster som sker genom klimatskalet. Metod: Insamling av data är baserat på att kunskapsinhämtningen görs utifrån den nuvarande kunskapen kring köldbryggor där teorin samt det som i folkmun brukar kallas ”verkligheten” i symbios studerats. För att göra detta har empirin baserats på tre insamlingsmetoder där litteraturen samt dokumentanalys om regler och krav kring arbetsgången för köldbryggor har studerats. Intervjuer i sin tur har varit den metod som tillämpats för att få insyn i hur det går till i ”verkligheten” när man beräknar köldbryggorna.  Resultat: Byggnadskonstruktörer beräknar inte köldbryggor. VVS-konstruktörerna tar liten eller ingen hänsyn till köldbryggorna i värmebehovsberäkningen. Detta innebär att vi har en ansenlig andel värmeförluster som saknas i värmebehovsberäkningar då flera studier påvisar att köldbryggornas inverkan kan spela så stor roll som 20 – 70 % av värmeförlusterna (om de underskattas enligt Building Envelope Thermal Bridging Guide från 2019). Konsekvenser: Då byggnadskonstruktörer inte beräknar köldbryggorna och VVS-konstruktören inte alltid tar hänsyn till köldbryggornas inverkan vid beräkning av värmebehovet så har vi utmaningar som behöver hanteras för att uppfylla förväntade energikrav från beställare och kravställare i form av regler. Följande rekommenderas för att få en förändring i processerna som berör köldbryggorna: ·         Att i regelförsamlingen ”Boverkets byggregler” påtalar vilka psi (Ψk)– och chi (Χ j) -värden som ska eftersträvas likt de enskilda byggnadsdelarnas U-värden (BFS 2020:4, BBR 29). Köldbryggorna ska även verifieras av tredje part. Begränsningar: I studien har inte energikonsulternas roll med att beräkna köldbryggorna undersökt vilket vore ett sätt att öka omfånget och perspektivet på fokusområdet. Nyckelord: Energiprestanda, Hållbarhet, Köldbryggor, Värmebehov. / Purpose: The purpose of the study is to illustrate the challenges that arise when buildings become increasingly well-insulated, to meet the energy requirements, and the share of thermal bridges on heat losses becomes ever greater. Underestimation of the impact of thermal bridges can create problems when e.g., energy goals and operating economy are not met, and it affects the user in the form of poor thermal comfort. The thermal bridges usually consist of connections difficult-to-insulate between different building parts and here the study will investigate how it is handled during the design phase and how the thermal bridges' impact is passed on to an HVAC designer who in turn calculates the number of heats demands to cover all losses through the climate shell. Method: Data collection is based on the acquisition of knowledge based on the current knowledge about cold bridges where the theory and what is usually popularly called "reality" in symbiosis have been studied. To do this, the empirical data has been based on three collection methods where the literature in the form of rules and requirements regarding the workflow for thermal bridges has been studied. Document analyses to study the workflow according to standards are evaluated. Interviews, in turn, have been the method used to gain insight into how things go in "reality" when calculating the thermal bridges. Findings: Building designers do not calculate the thermal bridges at all, and the HVAC designers take little or no account of the impact of thermal bridges in the heat demand calculation. This means that we have a significant proportion of heat losses that are missing in heat demand calculations as several studies show that the impact of thermal bridges can play such a large role in 20-70 % of heat losses if they are underestimated according to the building envelope thermal bridging guide from 2019. Implications: As building designers do not calculate the cold bridges and the HVAC designer does not always consider the impact of the cold bridges when calculating the heat demand, we have challenges that need to be addressed to meet expected energy requirements for customers and requirements. The following are some of recommended for getting a change in the processes that affect the thermal bridges: §  That the National Board of Housing, Building and Planning's building regulations state which psi (Ψk) and chi values are to be sought, like the U-values of individual building components (BFS 2020: 4, BBR 29), and that they should be verified by a third party. Limitations: The limitations that exist are that the study has focused only on building designers and HVAC designers and the role of energy consultants with thermal bridges would be a way to increase the scope and perspective in the focus area. Keywords: Heat demands, Sustainability Energy performance, Thermal bridges.

The concept of &#039 / sustainability&#039 / came into question during the last few decades world-wide. As one of the main source of carbon emission, construction industry is also affected by this movement. High-rise buildings which became proliferative components of construction industry dominate today&#039 / s urban centers. Although they are defended as being inherently energy efficient by some people, specially designed sustainable high-rise building examples emerged after the sustainability movement all over the world. This dissertation examines the role of the service core configuration on the sustainability of high-rise buildings. In this context, the effect of different core types and locations on the energy consumption of high-buildings is evaluated. For this respect, sixteen alternative configuration models with central, end and split core types are determined as the representative of possible design choices. The alternatives share the same height, net and gross floor area, floor efficiency, materials, internal gains, etc. They just vary in type and location of the service core and orientation of the building mass. Energy consumptions of the sixteen models are tested with eQUEST, a thermal simulation program, by using the climatic data of Istanbul. The simulation is conducted according to two air conditioning scenarios for office and core zones. For both of the scenarios, split core alternatives are found as the most energy efficient configurations regardless of the core location and building orientation. Moreover, it is observed that while the end core alternatives giving average values, central core configurations have the highest energy consumption results, as predicted.

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