published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

published_or_final_version / Corporate Environmental Governance / Master / Master of Social Sciences

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning and Design / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

Compact cities, as opposed to the urban sprawl, are being advocated in many countries and regions. As a sustainable urban form, these have significant implications on the pursuit of economic, social, and environmental sustainability. However, despite their advantages, compact cities have negative impacts on urban development. Both positive and negative impacts are derived from developed countries. However, whether these impacts are applicable to developing countries remains uncertain. This research aims to examine the development and impacts of urban compaction in China. Guided by land use policies, compact development in Beijing is currently being promoted through the intensification of existing construction areas rather than the development of new large-scale areas. This research aims to explore the development of urban compactness from the perspective of time and spatial dimensions and examine the impact of compact development. To carry out this research, this thesis reviews the relevant theories on compact cities characterized as high-density developments and mixed-use developments of construction areas that have a well developed public transport system. These compact cities can be achieved through urban intensification. In this work, an indicator system for measuring urban compactness based on the features of compact cities (e.g., high-density development, mixed-use development, and public transport system) is proposed. The development of the urban compactness of an entire city during the period of 1992-2007 is also calculated according to the indicator system. In addition, the development of urban compactness in the different regions of inner city districts, outer city districts, and new towns in 1996, 2001, and 2006 are also studied. Given that compact cities have a significant impact on urban development, some indicators that reveal economic, social, and environmental development are utilized to test the impact of compact cities in Beijing through statistical studies and semi-structured interviews. The results of evaluating the urban compactness development from the entire city perspective indicate rapid population growth and urbanization, along with the rapid increase of urban density in Beijing. Compared with high-density development, mixed use development has not been as rapid. With the mass construction of the subways and the increase in the provision of public buses, the development of public transport has also improved significantly. Following these results, the impact of urban compaction is analyzed, and compact development appeared to be beneficial to economic, social and environmental development, although some of its benefits have not been embodied fully. This research further examines the spatial development of urban compactness. The findings reveal that land use in the central city has become increasingly compact and that the potential for urban compactness could be further enhanced in the outer city districts. In new towns where the urban sprawl is quite severe, high-density development and mixed-use development should be promoted. To increase accessibility, the public transport system should be further improved. By analyzing the development of urban compactness, this study suggests that the support facilities and services in Beijing are insufficient compared with population growth and urbanization occurring in the city; this inadequacy leads to the backward progress of mixed-use development. As a large city, the different regions in Beijing stand in different positions that require varied development strategies to achieve urban compaction. The study fills a gap in the literature on compact development in China and population growth as well as theoretically and empirically enriches the impact of urban compaction in the context of rapid urbanization and population growth. / published_or_final_version / Urban Planning and Design / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Sustainable development has become a popular trend in today's world with many national governments recognizing the severe environmental damages caused by inappropriate economic development. Cooperating with international organizations, national governments are working together to deal with the global environmental issues. In addition, sustainability has also been identified in the local development. Development strategies at the local level cause a significant change in the improvement of environment conservation, enhancement of life quality and emphasis on the harmony of society. To achieve local sustainability, industries in local communities will be confronted with challenges. This dissertation aims to investigate the relationship between local industry and sustainable city, using a case study of traditional tea industry in Hangzhou city. The research is carried out by surveys and interviews to tea farmers, local government officers and tea researchers. The dissertation shows that the implementation of sustainability in the tea industry at local level is active, but faces challenges of environmental degradation and fake tea. / published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

Academic studies tend to focus on environmental and economics aspects in achieving sustainability. This paper emphasizes the social sustainability aspect from the angle of building community capacity. Community capacity can be viewed as readiness for empowerment, a prerequisite condition for greater social equity and social justice leading to inter- and intra-generation equity. A community capacity building framework is derived from the existing literatures to guide the analysis of four communities to assess the current status of the community capacity in Guangdong by conducting interviews and survey. It is found that the community capacity is relatively low and residents are lack of proactivity in contributing to community development if they are living in a comfort neighborhood; more professional social workers are needed to support capacity building. / published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management