Orientador: Hércules Menezes / Banca: Rosana Bellan de Oliveira e Silva / Banca: Carlos Renato Corso / Banca: Cassiana Maria Reganhan Coneglian / Banca: Ana Paula de Arruda Greraldes Kataoka / Resumo: Este estudo avaliou a atividade antimicrobiana (AA) de extratos hidroalcoólicos, obtidos de diferentes órgãos de 43 espécies de árvores medicinais nativas do Brasil, frente a 10 microrganismos isolados de focos de infecções clínicas (IFI) e 4 microrganismos de referência catalogados na American Type Culture Collection-EUA (ATCC), analisando-se assim, além do potencial antimicrobiano destas plantas, as futuras perspectivas que estas árvores nativas oferecem ao serem utilizadas em projetos de extrativismo auto-sustentável (conservação) e projetos de recuperação de áreas degradadas (reflorestamento) em florestas tropicais. Para os ensaios de antibiose, foi utilizado o método da difusão em ágar, utilizando discos (BAUER et al., 1966). Dos 602 (100%) testes realizados, 31 (5,2%) mostraram halo de inibição Intermediário (I) e 84 (14%) dos testes, mostraram AA, com halo de inibição Sensível (S), destacando-se os extratos de: Bixa orellana e Mimosa tenuiflora frente à [Streptococcus pyogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus (IFI) e Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC)]; Vernonia polyanthes frente à [Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus spp coagulase negativa (IFI) e Staphylococcus aureus e Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC)]; Psidium guajava frente à [Streptococcus pyogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus (IFI), e Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis e Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC)]; Anacardium occidentale frente à [Proteus mirabilis, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus (IFI), Staphylococcus aureus e Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC)]; Stryphnodendron adstringens frente à [Streptococcus pyogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus spp coagulase negativa (IFI), e Staphylococcus aureus e Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC)]. Foi observado maior destaque da AA, com o extrato hidroalcoólico de Eugenia uniflora frente a ... / Abstract: This study evaluated the antimicrobial activities (AA) of hydroalcoholic extracts obtained from different parts of 43 species of native Brazilian medicinal trees, against 10 different microorganisms isolated from clinically infected spots (IFI) and 4 microorganisms from American Type Culture Collection-EUA (ATCC), analysing in a manner, beyond of antimicrobial potency of this plants, the future perspectives which this native trees offerer, when will be utilized in a projects of auto-sustainable extrative (conservation) and in a projects of recuperation in degraded areas (reforestation) in tropical forest. The agar diffusion method was used, utilizing discs for antibiosis assay purposes (BAUER et al., 1966). Of the 602 (100%) tested carried out, 31 (5,2%) exhibited Intermediary inhibition halo (I); and 84 (14%) exhibited Sensitive inhibition halo (S) showing the most outstanding extracts qualities: Bixa orellana and Mimosa tenuiflora against [Streptococcus pyogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus (IFI) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC)]; Vernonia polyanthes against [Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus spp negative coagulase (IFI) and Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC)]; Psidium guajava against [Streptococcus pyogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus (IFI), and Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC)]; Stryphnodendron adstringens against [Streptococcus pyogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus spp negative coagulase (IFI), and Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC)]. Prominence of AA was observed with the extract of Eugenia uniflora against [Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus spp negative coagulase (IFI), and Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis / Doutor