Orientador: Lúcia Helena de Oliveira Gerardi / Banca: Marcos Norberto Boin / Banca: Sylvio Luiz Andreozzi / Banca: Maria Inez Pagani / Banca: Magda Adelaide Lombardo / Resumo: No Brasil, a estratégia governamental para garantir o uso sustentado dos recursos naturais em propriedades privadas está baseada na adoção de medidas de comando e controle estabelecidas pelo Código Florestal, sob a forma de Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP) e de Reservas Legais (RL). Considerando esta premissa, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é verificar se, com o cumprimento da legislação ambiental brasileira estabelecida no Código Florestal, com referência as APP's e RL's, é possível restabelecer a conectividade estrutural da paisagem, tomando como exemplo a bacia do córrego das Posses, localizada no município de Extrema-MG. Os objetivos secundários, que subsidiam o principal são: o mapeamento das áreas que devem ser conservadas e das áreas em que se devem proceder medidas de restauração e/ou o estabelecimento de cenários alternativos de ocupação da bacia do córrego das Posses, considerando a conservação dos recursos florestais em terras privadas como fator prioritário para a locação das áreas estabelecidas pelo Código Florestal Brasileiro. A metodologia empregada neste trabalho foi embasada no estabelecimento de critérios que fundamentaram a localização das áreas prioritárias de APP's e de RL's. Através da utilização de geotecnologias tais critérios foram espacializados, originando cenários que mostram o grau de degradação da paisagem. Os resultados mostram que, nas Áreas de Preservação Permanente e nas Reservas Legais, a legislação ambiental não está sendo cumprida. Entretanto, para a bacia das Posses, a regularização das propriedades com relação ao Código Florestal não é suficiente para manter a conectividade da paisagem, pois ainda assim a área de matas não atinge o limite mínimo exigido para que a mesma percole. / Abstract: The government strategy to ensure the sustainable use of natural resources on private lands in Brazil is based on the adoption of the command and control measures established by the Forest Code under the form of Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA) and Legal Reserves (LR). The main purpose of this study is to verify if it would be possible to restore the structural connectivity of Posses watershed landscape located in Extrema City, Minas Gerais State, by the enforcement of the environmental legislation established in Brazil Forest Code with reference to PPA and LR. The objectives which contribute to the furtherance of the main purpose are: a) the mapping of areas that must be preserved and b) the mapping of areas in which measures of recuperation and/or establishment of some alternative occupation scenarios to Posses watershed must be carried out, taking into consideration forest resources conservation on private lands as a primary factor for the allocation of areas established by the Brazilian Forest Code. The methodology used in this study was based on designations of criteria that substantiated the allocation of priority areas of PPA and LR. These criteria were spatialized through the usage of geotechnologies, creating scenarios that show landscapes degradation. The results demonstrate that in Permanent Preservation Areas and Legal Reserves the environmental legislation is not being enforced. However, for Posses watershed area, the regularization of the properties regarding to the Forest Code is not sufficient to maintain the landscape connectivity since forested areas still does not reach the minimum required for it to percolate. / Doutor

I assessed major factors influencing the interactions between the mestizo community and wildlife of the Impenetrable, in the Argentine Chaco, and the ways in which these interactions are influenced by the larger economic and political context. I used a mixed qualitative and quantitative methods approach, between 2001 and 2005. I found that wildlife represented an important food source, especially for the poorer rural households. The importance of wild meat varied across the community and region, in relation to the socioeconomic characteristics of households, village size, forest condition, season, species biology, and cultural preferences. Some species used by local people, primarily white-lipped and chacoan peccaries, and jaguar, were in decline and their range had been reduced by habitat destruction and overhunting, especially in the humid sub-region. These species persisted in areas of low human density, low hunting pressure and scarce development. Harvest of peccaries for food was unsustainable. Characteristics of the resource and of the community explained the lack of incentives for community-based management of peccaries. The resource was too large in relation to the local technology and the community's institutional capacities were scarcely developed. Changes in property right regimes also influenced people-wildlife interactions and were related with species mobility. Acquisition of land title by peasants did not reduce overexploitation of highly mobile resources such as peccaries, which continued to be hunted as open access resources. The national economic collapse of 2001 had a strong influence in the region. Hunting by villagers increased as a result of growing unemployment, whereas peasants reduced their hunting and turned to forest exploitation. Acquisition of land title by non-locals and intensification of ranching and forest exploitation subsequently increased, thereby affecting the livelihoods of local peasants by reducing grazing areas and affecting wildlife by reducing habitat. This study shows how people-wildlife interactions are complex and dynamic, and indicates that conservation measures are unlikely to succeed without considering the biological, cultural, socio-economic, and political factors involved. External factors require especial consideration. In this case, a national change in economic policy produced a local change in land use that is jeopardizing the peasants culture and the region's biodiversity.

The discharge of waste into a water resource and its disposal on land can easily cause pollution, especially of the water resource. However, it has long been accepted that these activities also form an integral part of a holistic waste management strategy aimed at achieving sustainability. The South African Constitution ensures a basic right to an environment that is not harmful to human health and wellbeing, and states that pollution must be prevented, the environment must be protected, and sustainable use of resources must be promoted, through "reasonable legislative and other measures" .. The other measures that are currently used by the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry to determine whether a waste disposal or discharge action is allowable, are contained in the documents "Procedures to Assess Effluent Discharge Impacts" and "Minimum Requirements for the Handling, Classification, and Disposal of Hazardous Waste". These measures are evaluated to determine whether they are reasonable and effective in distinguishing between sustainable use and pollution in terms of newly promulgated legislation aimed at managing the environment and the water resource. The criteria used for this evaluation are based on the principles of sustainability, the components of risk analysis, and the scientific concepts and principles of waste discharge and disposal management. Based on this evaluation, the shortcomings of current mechanisms are highlighted, and their advantages are incorporated into a proposed integrated regulatory framework for an assessment and decision-making approach based on risk harmonisation, which has various advantageous applications, including: • The identification of cleaner production alternatives; • The identification of an appropriate medium of disposal or discharge (water or land); • The selection of the Best Practical Environmental Option (BPEO) for treatment, disposal or discharge methods; • The licensing of sustainable waste disposal or discharge actions; • The setting of charges for waste discharge activities; • The prioritisation of regulatory intervention; and • The rehabilitation of contaminated areas. The findings of this investigation comprise the first step taken in South Africa towards the harmonisation of assessment and decision-making approaches, which could have important implications for integrated waste and environmental management in the future. / Thesis (M.Sc.)--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2000

The discharge of waste into a water resource and its disposal on land can easily cause pollution, especially of the water resource. However, it has long been accepted that these activities also form an integral part of a holistic waste management strategy aimed at achieving sustainability. The South African Constitution ensures a basic right to an environment that is not harmful to human health and wellbeing, and states that pollution must be prevented, the environment must be protected, and sustainable use of resources must be promoted, through "reasonable legislative and other measures" .. The other measures that are currently used by the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry to determine whether a waste disposal or discharge action is allowable, are contained in the documents "Procedures to Assess Effluent Discharge Impacts" and "Minimum Requirements for the Handling, Classification, and Disposal of Hazardous Waste". These measures are evaluated to determine whether they are reasonable and effective in distinguishing between sustainable use and pollution in terms of newly promulgated legislation aimed at managing the environment and the water resource. The criteria used for this evaluation are based on the principles of sustainability, the components of risk analysis, and the scientific concepts and principles of waste discharge and disposal management. Based on this evaluation, the shortcomings of current mechanisms are highlighted, and their advantages are incorporated into a proposed integrated regulatory framework for an assessment and decision-making approach based on risk harmonisation, which has various advantageous applications, including: • The identification of cleaner production alternatives; • The identification of an appropriate medium of disposal or discharge (water or land); • The selection of the Best Practical Environmental Option (BPEO) for treatment, disposal or discharge methods; • The licensing of sustainable waste disposal or discharge actions; • The setting of charges for waste discharge activities; • The prioritisation of regulatory intervention; and • The rehabilitation of contaminated areas. The findings of this investigation comprise the first step taken in South Africa towards the harmonisation of assessment and decision-making approaches, which could have important implications for integrated waste and environmental management in the future. / Thesis (M.Sc.)--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2000

A conservação da biodiversidade da Floresta Atlântica está cada vez mais relacionada com sistemas de manejo sustentável que combinem viabilidade econômica e conservação. Porém, muitos aspectos da autoecologia das espécies foco de manejo, fundamentais para o êxito do uso sustentável, ainda são desconhecidos. Aliado ao conhecimento acadêmico, o conhecimento ecológico local (CEL) apresentase como ferramenta fundamental no processo de elaboração de estratégias de manejo. Assim, pela demanda de informações para potencializar o uso sustentável da palmeira juçara (Euterpe edulis Martius), através do uso dos frutos por comunidades locais, o presente trabalho objetivou (a) avaliar aspectos da estrutura populacional de E. edulis, (b) estimar a quantidade de frutos consumida pela fauna sobre o chão da floresta e sua relação com variáveis de hábitat, e (c) levantar informações sobre a espécie e o consumo pela fauna através do CEL, relacionando-as com características sócioeconômicas de agricultores locais e dados científicos. O trabalho foi realizado em quatro fragmentos florestais de Mata Atlântica no litoral norte do Rio Grande do Sul, município de Maquiné. Ao todo foram 58 unidades amostrais (UA) de 100 m², onde foram quantificados os indivíduos de E. edulis em classes de tamanho e as seguintes variáveis de hábitat: cobertura do sub-bosque, abertura do dossel, distância de fonte d’água, cobertura do solo, densidade de árvores com DAP 15 cm e de matrizes de E. edulis. Para avaliação do consumo dos frutos, em cada UA, durante os meses de novembro e dezembro de 2007 e 2008, foram ofertados frutos e avaliados a cada 15 dias quando à remoção ou despolpamento. Após a avaliação, novos frutos eram ofertados. O levantamento do CEL foi realizado através de entrevistas com questionários pré-estruturados. Os resultados indicaram que as populações de E. edulis apresentam uma estrutura populacional em forma de pirâmide e uma quantidade mínima de matrizes para manter a continuidade das populações. O consumo dos frutos pela fauna não variou entre os anos e os percentuais médios de utilização foram: 32,13% de frutos despolpados, 21,92% de removidos e 45,95% permaneceram inteiros sobre o chão da floresta. Entretanto, a quantidade variou entre os fragmentos e conforme as variáveis de hábitat, indicando uma relação entre consumo e utilização dos hábitats pela assembléia de animais. Pelo CEL, foram citadas nove utilidades da palmeira juçara e 29 táxons de animais que consomem os frutos desta palmeira. As comparações entre CEL e variáveis sócio-econômicas dos entrevistados revelaram que moradores da zona rural, assim como caçadores e aqueles com mais de 60 anos tendem a reconhecer um número maior de animais como consumidores dos frutos. De maneira geral, as hipóteses formuladas a partir das situações citadas pela maioria dos entrevistados em relação ao consumo dos frutos coincidem com dados obtidos na literatura científica. Este trabalho reforça a importância do diálogo entre comunidade local, científica e instituições governamentais e não governamentais para buscar estratégias de uso sustentável melhor adaptadas às realidades locais. / The biodiversity conservation of Atlantic Forest is increasingly linked with systems of sustainable management that combine economic feasibility and conservation. However, many autoecological aspects of species foci of management, which are fundamental for the success of sustainable use, are still unknown. Allied to academic knowledge, the local ecological knowledge (LEK) is a fundamental tool in the process of drawing up of management strategies. Thus the demand for information to potentialize the sustainable use of juçara palm (Euterpe edulis Martius), through the use of pulp fruit by local people communities, this study aims to (a) evaluate aspects of population structure of E. edulis, (b) estimate the quantity of fruit consumed by fauna on the forest floor and its relationship with habitat variables, and (c) raise information on the species and the consumption by fauna through LEK, relating it with socio-economic features of local people and scientific data. The study was performed in four forest fragments of Atlantic Rainforest in the north coast of Rio Grande do Sul, Maquiné municipality. A total of 58 sampling units of 100 m² were placed to quantify individuals of E. edulis in size classes and to measure the following habitat variables: understory cover, canopy openness, distance of water source, soil surface cover, density of trees with DBH ≥15 cm, and of E. edulis matrices. For the assessment of fruit consumption, we offered fresh fruit in each sampling unit, during the months of November and December 2007 and 2008, and evaluated the proportion of fruit removal or pulp removal every 15 days. After each evaluation, new fruit were offered. The LEK survey was performed through interviews with pre-structured questions. The results indicated that populations of E. edulis have a structure in J-reverse form and a minimum matrices quantity for maintaining population stability. The quantity of fruit consumption by fauna did not change between years and averages of use kind were: 32.13% of fruit shelled, 21.92% removed and 45.95% have remained intact on the forest floor. In spite of this, the quantity varied among fragments and according to habitat variables, indicating a relationship between consumption and habitat use by assembly of animals. By LEK survey, nine facilities of juçara palm and 29 taxa of animals that consume the fruits of this palm were cited. Comparisons between LEK and socio-economic variables of the interviewees revealed that residents of rural area, as well as hunters and those with more than 60 years old tend to recognize a greater number of animals as consumers of fruits. In general, the assumptions made from the majority of interviewees in relation to fruit consume coincide with data obtained in scientific literature. This work reinforces the importance of dialog between local community, scientific and governmental institutions and non-governmental organizations to seek strategies for sustainable use better adapted to local realities.

1 The protection and sustainable use of forests from the legal point of view Abstract The main goal of the dissertation is to provide a comprehensive analysis of fundamental sources of legal regulation of forest protection and sustainable use of forests, to identify main shortcomings of existing instruments and the possibilities to overcome these deficiencies in the future at the international level, European Union level, and the level of the Czech Republic. The dissertation deals first with the significance of the complex forest functions, through which the economic social, ecological, cultural and spiritual needs of the whole society are satisfied and are indispensable for all life on Earth. The legal regulation should strive to ensure the balanced use of forest functions by promoting the principles of sustainable forest management, the protection of forest functions and the general use of forest by the public. In view of the importance of forests beyond the borders of a state, the dissertation deals also with the status of the forest as a natural resource, which is fundamentally influenced by the principles of international and environmental law. In order to increase the responsibility of states for forest protection, it would help to regard forests as a natural resource of "common concern", the...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-10-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:44:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 azevedo_ts_dr_rcla.pdf: 2072330 bytes, checksum: c53a775f453ac4ad5f017782c6e9ef15 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / No Brasil, a estratégia governamental para garantir o uso sustentado dos recursos naturais em propriedades privadas está baseada na adoção de medidas de comando e controle estabelecidas pelo Código Florestal, sob a forma de Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP) e de Reservas Legais (RL). Considerando esta premissa, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é verificar se, com o cumprimento da legislação ambiental brasileira estabelecida no Código Florestal, com referência as APP’s e RL’s, é possível restabelecer a conectividade estrutural da paisagem, tomando como exemplo a bacia do córrego das Posses, localizada no município de Extrema-MG. Os objetivos secundários, que subsidiam o principal são: o mapeamento das áreas que devem ser conservadas e das áreas em que se devem proceder medidas de restauração e/ou o estabelecimento de cenários alternativos de ocupação da bacia do córrego das Posses, considerando a conservação dos recursos florestais em terras privadas como fator prioritário para a locação das áreas estabelecidas pelo Código Florestal Brasileiro. A metodologia empregada neste trabalho foi embasada no estabelecimento de critérios que fundamentaram a localização das áreas prioritárias de APP’s e de RL’s. Através da utilização de geotecnologias tais critérios foram espacializados, originando cenários que mostram o grau de degradação da paisagem. Os resultados mostram que, nas Áreas de Preservação Permanente e nas Reservas Legais, a legislação ambiental não está sendo cumprida. Entretanto, para a bacia das Posses, a regularização das propriedades com relação ao Código Florestal não é suficiente para manter a conectividade da paisagem, pois ainda assim a área de matas não atinge o limite mínimo exigido para que a mesma percole. / The government strategy to ensure the sustainable use of natural resources on private lands in Brazil is based on the adoption of the command and control measures established by the Forest Code under the form of Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA) and Legal Reserves (LR). The main purpose of this study is to verify if it would be possible to restore the structural connectivity of Posses watershed landscape located in Extrema City, Minas Gerais State, by the enforcement of the environmental legislation established in Brazil Forest Code with reference to PPA and LR. The objectives which contribute to the furtherance of the main purpose are: a) the mapping of areas that must be preserved and b) the mapping of areas in which measures of recuperation and/or establishment of some alternative occupation scenarios to Posses watershed must be carried out, taking into consideration forest resources conservation on private lands as a primary factor for the allocation of areas established by the Brazilian Forest Code. The methodology used in this study was based on designations of criteria that substantiated the allocation of priority areas of PPA and LR. These criteria were spatialized through the usage of geotechnologies, creating scenarios that show landscapes degradation. The results demonstrate that in Permanent Preservation Areas and Legal Reserves the environmental legislation is not being enforced. However, for Posses watershed area, the regularization of the properties regarding to the Forest Code is not sufficient to maintain the landscape connectivity since forested areas still does not reach the minimum required for it to percolate.

A conservação da biodiversidade da Floresta Atlântica está cada vez mais relacionada com sistemas de manejo sustentável que combinem viabilidade econômica e conservação. Porém, muitos aspectos da autoecologia das espécies foco de manejo, fundamentais para o êxito do uso sustentável, ainda são desconhecidos. Aliado ao conhecimento acadêmico, o conhecimento ecológico local (CEL) apresentase como ferramenta fundamental no processo de elaboração de estratégias de manejo. Assim, pela demanda de informações para potencializar o uso sustentável da palmeira juçara (Euterpe edulis Martius), através do uso dos frutos por comunidades locais, o presente trabalho objetivou (a) avaliar aspectos da estrutura populacional de E. edulis, (b) estimar a quantidade de frutos consumida pela fauna sobre o chão da floresta e sua relação com variáveis de hábitat, e (c) levantar informações sobre a espécie e o consumo pela fauna através do CEL, relacionando-as com características sócioeconômicas de agricultores locais e dados científicos. O trabalho foi realizado em quatro fragmentos florestais de Mata Atlântica no litoral norte do Rio Grande do Sul, município de Maquiné. Ao todo foram 58 unidades amostrais (UA) de 100 m², onde foram quantificados os indivíduos de E. edulis em classes de tamanho e as seguintes variáveis de hábitat: cobertura do sub-bosque, abertura do dossel, distância de fonte d’água, cobertura do solo, densidade de árvores com DAP 15 cm e de matrizes de E. edulis. Para avaliação do consumo dos frutos, em cada UA, durante os meses de novembro e dezembro de 2007 e 2008, foram ofertados frutos e avaliados a cada 15 dias quando à remoção ou despolpamento. Após a avaliação, novos frutos eram ofertados. O levantamento do CEL foi realizado através de entrevistas com questionários pré-estruturados. Os resultados indicaram que as populações de E. edulis apresentam uma estrutura populacional em forma de pirâmide e uma quantidade mínima de matrizes para manter a continuidade das populações. O consumo dos frutos pela fauna não variou entre os anos e os percentuais médios de utilização foram: 32,13% de frutos despolpados, 21,92% de removidos e 45,95% permaneceram inteiros sobre o chão da floresta. Entretanto, a quantidade variou entre os fragmentos e conforme as variáveis de hábitat, indicando uma relação entre consumo e utilização dos hábitats pela assembléia de animais. Pelo CEL, foram citadas nove utilidades da palmeira juçara e 29 táxons de animais que consomem os frutos desta palmeira. As comparações entre CEL e variáveis sócio-econômicas dos entrevistados revelaram que moradores da zona rural, assim como caçadores e aqueles com mais de 60 anos tendem a reconhecer um número maior de animais como consumidores dos frutos. De maneira geral, as hipóteses formuladas a partir das situações citadas pela maioria dos entrevistados em relação ao consumo dos frutos coincidem com dados obtidos na literatura científica. Este trabalho reforça a importância do diálogo entre comunidade local, científica e instituições governamentais e não governamentais para buscar estratégias de uso sustentável melhor adaptadas às realidades locais. / The biodiversity conservation of Atlantic Forest is increasingly linked with systems of sustainable management that combine economic feasibility and conservation. However, many autoecological aspects of species foci of management, which are fundamental for the success of sustainable use, are still unknown. Allied to academic knowledge, the local ecological knowledge (LEK) is a fundamental tool in the process of drawing up of management strategies. Thus the demand for information to potentialize the sustainable use of juçara palm (Euterpe edulis Martius), through the use of pulp fruit by local people communities, this study aims to (a) evaluate aspects of population structure of E. edulis, (b) estimate the quantity of fruit consumed by fauna on the forest floor and its relationship with habitat variables, and (c) raise information on the species and the consumption by fauna through LEK, relating it with socio-economic features of local people and scientific data. The study was performed in four forest fragments of Atlantic Rainforest in the north coast of Rio Grande do Sul, Maquiné municipality. A total of 58 sampling units of 100 m² were placed to quantify individuals of E. edulis in size classes and to measure the following habitat variables: understory cover, canopy openness, distance of water source, soil surface cover, density of trees with DBH ≥15 cm, and of E. edulis matrices. For the assessment of fruit consumption, we offered fresh fruit in each sampling unit, during the months of November and December 2007 and 2008, and evaluated the proportion of fruit removal or pulp removal every 15 days. After each evaluation, new fruit were offered. The LEK survey was performed through interviews with pre-structured questions. The results indicated that populations of E. edulis have a structure in J-reverse form and a minimum matrices quantity for maintaining population stability. The quantity of fruit consumption by fauna did not change between years and averages of use kind were: 32.13% of fruit shelled, 21.92% removed and 45.95% have remained intact on the forest floor. In spite of this, the quantity varied among fragments and according to habitat variables, indicating a relationship between consumption and habitat use by assembly of animals. By LEK survey, nine facilities of juçara palm and 29 taxa of animals that consume the fruits of this palm were cited. Comparisons between LEK and socio-economic variables of the interviewees revealed that residents of rural area, as well as hunters and those with more than 60 years old tend to recognize a greater number of animals as consumers of fruits. In general, the assumptions made from the majority of interviewees in relation to fruit consume coincide with data obtained in scientific literature. This work reinforces the importance of dialog between local community, scientific and governmental institutions and non-governmental organizations to seek strategies for sustainable use better adapted to local realities.

A conservação da biodiversidade da Floresta Atlântica está cada vez mais relacionada com sistemas de manejo sustentável que combinem viabilidade econômica e conservação. Porém, muitos aspectos da autoecologia das espécies foco de manejo, fundamentais para o êxito do uso sustentável, ainda são desconhecidos. Aliado ao conhecimento acadêmico, o conhecimento ecológico local (CEL) apresentase como ferramenta fundamental no processo de elaboração de estratégias de manejo. Assim, pela demanda de informações para potencializar o uso sustentável da palmeira juçara (Euterpe edulis Martius), através do uso dos frutos por comunidades locais, o presente trabalho objetivou (a) avaliar aspectos da estrutura populacional de E. edulis, (b) estimar a quantidade de frutos consumida pela fauna sobre o chão da floresta e sua relação com variáveis de hábitat, e (c) levantar informações sobre a espécie e o consumo pela fauna através do CEL, relacionando-as com características sócioeconômicas de agricultores locais e dados científicos. O trabalho foi realizado em quatro fragmentos florestais de Mata Atlântica no litoral norte do Rio Grande do Sul, município de Maquiné. Ao todo foram 58 unidades amostrais (UA) de 100 m², onde foram quantificados os indivíduos de E. edulis em classes de tamanho e as seguintes variáveis de hábitat: cobertura do sub-bosque, abertura do dossel, distância de fonte d’água, cobertura do solo, densidade de árvores com DAP 15 cm e de matrizes de E. edulis. Para avaliação do consumo dos frutos, em cada UA, durante os meses de novembro e dezembro de 2007 e 2008, foram ofertados frutos e avaliados a cada 15 dias quando à remoção ou despolpamento. Após a avaliação, novos frutos eram ofertados. O levantamento do CEL foi realizado através de entrevistas com questionários pré-estruturados. Os resultados indicaram que as populações de E. edulis apresentam uma estrutura populacional em forma de pirâmide e uma quantidade mínima de matrizes para manter a continuidade das populações. O consumo dos frutos pela fauna não variou entre os anos e os percentuais médios de utilização foram: 32,13% de frutos despolpados, 21,92% de removidos e 45,95% permaneceram inteiros sobre o chão da floresta. Entretanto, a quantidade variou entre os fragmentos e conforme as variáveis de hábitat, indicando uma relação entre consumo e utilização dos hábitats pela assembléia de animais. Pelo CEL, foram citadas nove utilidades da palmeira juçara e 29 táxons de animais que consomem os frutos desta palmeira. As comparações entre CEL e variáveis sócio-econômicas dos entrevistados revelaram que moradores da zona rural, assim como caçadores e aqueles com mais de 60 anos tendem a reconhecer um número maior de animais como consumidores dos frutos. De maneira geral, as hipóteses formuladas a partir das situações citadas pela maioria dos entrevistados em relação ao consumo dos frutos coincidem com dados obtidos na literatura científica. Este trabalho reforça a importância do diálogo entre comunidade local, científica e instituições governamentais e não governamentais para buscar estratégias de uso sustentável melhor adaptadas às realidades locais. / The biodiversity conservation of Atlantic Forest is increasingly linked with systems of sustainable management that combine economic feasibility and conservation. However, many autoecological aspects of species foci of management, which are fundamental for the success of sustainable use, are still unknown. Allied to academic knowledge, the local ecological knowledge (LEK) is a fundamental tool in the process of drawing up of management strategies. Thus the demand for information to potentialize the sustainable use of juçara palm (Euterpe edulis Martius), through the use of pulp fruit by local people communities, this study aims to (a) evaluate aspects of population structure of E. edulis, (b) estimate the quantity of fruit consumed by fauna on the forest floor and its relationship with habitat variables, and (c) raise information on the species and the consumption by fauna through LEK, relating it with socio-economic features of local people and scientific data. The study was performed in four forest fragments of Atlantic Rainforest in the north coast of Rio Grande do Sul, Maquiné municipality. A total of 58 sampling units of 100 m² were placed to quantify individuals of E. edulis in size classes and to measure the following habitat variables: understory cover, canopy openness, distance of water source, soil surface cover, density of trees with DBH ≥15 cm, and of E. edulis matrices. For the assessment of fruit consumption, we offered fresh fruit in each sampling unit, during the months of November and December 2007 and 2008, and evaluated the proportion of fruit removal or pulp removal every 15 days. After each evaluation, new fruit were offered. The LEK survey was performed through interviews with pre-structured questions. The results indicated that populations of E. edulis have a structure in J-reverse form and a minimum matrices quantity for maintaining population stability. The quantity of fruit consumption by fauna did not change between years and averages of use kind were: 32.13% of fruit shelled, 21.92% removed and 45.95% have remained intact on the forest floor. In spite of this, the quantity varied among fragments and according to habitat variables, indicating a relationship between consumption and habitat use by assembly of animals. By LEK survey, nine facilities of juçara palm and 29 taxa of animals that consume the fruits of this palm were cited. Comparisons between LEK and socio-economic variables of the interviewees revealed that residents of rural area, as well as hunters and those with more than 60 years old tend to recognize a greater number of animals as consumers of fruits. In general, the assumptions made from the majority of interviewees in relation to fruit consume coincide with data obtained in scientific literature. This work reinforces the importance of dialog between local community, scientific and governmental institutions and non-governmental organizations to seek strategies for sustainable use better adapted to local realities.

Magister Administrationis - MAdmin / Existing literature offers various definitions of sustainable development, yet very few efforts have thus far been made to move specific communities to such a state of development. Popularised by the Brundland report, the concept of sustainable development is understood to be that which "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs". However, the abstract concept of sustainable development raises various of questions concerning, for example, intergenerational implications of patterns of resources use and equitable resource allocations as highlighted in this study. This research indicates that the principles of sustainable development posed a veritable challenge to development projects. Hence, the confusion surrounding the concept, often leads to disagreement and misunderstanding in the demarcation of specific projects.