This laboratory column (125 cm high, 15 cm diameter) research investigated solids and P removal from liquid swine manure amended with calcium carbonate, magnesium sulphate, alum and polyacrylamide (PAM). Results showed that PAM was the most effective amendment for enhancing solids removal from manure containing 1% initial total solids (TS). The effectiveness of PAM was lower at 5% and 8% than at 1% due to resuspension of solids occurring at settling times beyond 4 h. After 24 h of settling, P removal from non-amended manure was comparable to that in amended manure and decreased with TS concentration for all amendments except alum, which was equally effective at all TS concentrations. These results indicate that, for manure containing 1% TS, P can be adequately removed by gravity separation without addition of chemical amendments while alum is a more effective amendment for removing P from manure containing higher (5% and 8%) TS.

Liquid hog manure (LHM) obtained from the Macdonald College farm was used in experiments aimed at (a) reducing the odor associated with LHM during handling and (b) conserving the fertilizer capacity of LHM. Various chemical treatments and sphagnum moss (SM) were evaluated to achieve the above objectives. Direct acidification to $<$ pH 5.0, sphagnum moss (SM) and its combination with aluminum sulfate (AS) resulted in significant (p $<$ 0.05) reduction in ammonia losses during storage of LHM. The SM and SM/AS combination also significantly (p $<$ 0.05) reduced both odor presence and offensiveness. Gas chromatographic (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis indicated the absence of certain malodor compounds and lower peak areas of certain compounds in the SM and SM/AS treatments when compared to the controls. Investigations with barley seeding revealed that treatments which reduced the malodor of the LHM did not significantly (p $<$ 0.05) affect the nitrogen fertilization capacity of the LHM, as indicated by plant dry matter yield.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-04-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:55:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 fioresi_tb_me_jabo.pdf: 1222534 bytes, checksum: 8a60817f69089bec8947b5422404e7c7 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Um dos fatores importantes na criacao de larvas de peixes e o uso de alimento natural, tal como o fitoplancton, o qual pode ser cultivado em instalacoes especiais, a baixo custo com alto valor nutricional e elevada taxa de crescimento. Muitos fatores afetam o cultivo de algas como luz, nutrientes, temperatura e pH, sendo esses fatores complexos e dificeis de serem analisados separadamente, principalmente, as interacoes entre incidencia de luz e limitacao de nutrientes. Entretanto, a restricao a luz e mais impactante do que a limitacao de nutrientes, desde que a luz afeta diretamente a utilizacao dos compostos disponiveis no meio de cultura. Estudos tem sido enfatizados focalizando o cultivo de algas para a producao de alimento, utilizando-se meios alternativos como forma de baratear o custo de producao. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar e comparar o efeito do esterco suino no desenvolvimento de Ankistrodesmus gracilis, cultivada em laboratorio em dois meios: com esterco gin natura e esterco biodigerido. O experimento foi realizado no periodo de 22 dias nos volumes, de 2L e 250L, analisando a biologia, valor nutricional e a qualidade da agua do meio de cultura. Biovolume, teor de cinzas, comprimento total e concentracao de lipideos foram significativos (p<0,05) entre os volumes cultivados. O teor de proteina nao foi significativo (p>0,05) somente no meio com esterco biodigerido. As maiores densidades de A. gracilis foram observadas no volume de 2L, tendo a amostra cultivada em meio com esterco biodigerido ao longo do experimento maior densidade, com o pico ao redor do 5o dia, 6,2 x 107 celulas.ml-1. Ortofosfato, pH, alcalinidade, oxigenio dissolvido e temperatura da agua nao foram significativos (p>0,05) entre volumes e o nitrito nao foi detectado... / One of the most important factors in successfully fish rearing is probably the use of natural feed, such as phytoplankton, which may be grown in specially designed installations. So that high nutritional algae could be produced at low cost it is important to reach light production of algae and high growing rate. Many factors affect algae culture growth such as light, nutrients, temperature and pH since they directly involve algae density interactions between light incidence and limitation of nutrients are very complex and the effect of factor can not be analyzed separately. However, light restriction caused more impact than limiting of nutrients, since energy affected directly the utilization of the compounds available in the medium. Several studies focus on the culture of algae for food production through alternative methods to lower production costs. The effect of swine manure fertilization in the development of Ankistrodesmus gracilis was mensured on two medium: in natura and biodigested, during 22 days, in two volumes, 2L and 250L. The biology, nutritional value and water quality of culture medium were analyzed. Biovolume, ash rate, total length and lipids were higher (p<0.05) between treatments. Protein rate was different (p>0.05) only in the biodigested treatment. Highest A. gracilis densities were reported in 2L throughout the experiment the biodigested treatment had the highest density, 6.2 x 107 cells.ml-1, on the 5th day. Orthophosphate, pH, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen and water temperature were only different (p<0.05) between volumes. Nitrite, however, was not reported in the 2L volume treatment. Significant differences (p<0.05) between media were only reported for DBO5. Light demand was also... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

Orientador: Lúcia Helena Sipaúba-Tavares / Banca: Luiz Augusto do Amaral / Banca: Márcia Noélia Eler / Resumo: Um dos fatores importantes na criacao de larvas de peixes e o uso de alimento natural, tal como o fitoplancton, o qual pode ser cultivado em instalacoes especiais, a baixo custo com alto valor nutricional e elevada taxa de crescimento. Muitos fatores afetam o cultivo de algas como luz, nutrientes, temperatura e pH, sendo esses fatores complexos e dificeis de serem analisados separadamente, principalmente, as interacoes entre incidencia de luz e limitacao de nutrientes. Entretanto, a restricao a luz e mais impactante do que a limitacao de nutrientes, desde que a luz afeta diretamente a utilizacao dos compostos disponiveis no meio de cultura. Estudos tem sido enfatizados focalizando o cultivo de algas para a producao de alimento, utilizando-se meios alternativos como forma de baratear o custo de producao. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar e comparar o efeito do esterco suino no desenvolvimento de Ankistrodesmus gracilis, cultivada em laboratorio em dois meios: com esterco gin natura e esterco biodigerido. O experimento foi realizado no periodo de 22 dias nos volumes, de 2L e 250L, analisando a biologia, valor nutricional e a qualidade da agua do meio de cultura. Biovolume, teor de cinzas, comprimento total e concentracao de lipideos foram significativos (p<0,05) entre os volumes cultivados. O teor de proteina nao foi significativo (p>0,05) somente no meio com esterco biodigerido. As maiores densidades de A. gracilis foram observadas no volume de 2L, tendo a amostra cultivada em meio com esterco biodigerido ao longo do experimento maior densidade, com o pico ao redor do 5o dia, 6,2 x 107 celulas.ml-1. Ortofosfato, pH, alcalinidade, oxigenio dissolvido e temperatura da agua nao foram significativos (p>0,05) entre volumes e o nitrito nao foi detectado... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: One of the most important factors in successfully fish rearing is probably the use of natural feed, such as phytoplankton, which may be grown in specially designed installations. So that high nutritional algae could be produced at low cost it is important to reach light production of algae and high growing rate. Many factors affect algae culture growth such as light, nutrients, temperature and pH since they directly involve algae density interactions between light incidence and limitation of nutrients are very complex and the effect of factor can not be analyzed separately. However, light restriction caused more impact than limiting of nutrients, since energy affected directly the utilization of the compounds available in the medium. Several studies focus on the culture of algae for food production through alternative methods to lower production costs. The effect of swine manure fertilization in the development of Ankistrodesmus gracilis was mensured on two medium: in natura and biodigested, during 22 days, in two volumes, 2L and 250L. The biology, nutritional value and water quality of culture medium were analyzed. Biovolume, ash rate, total length and lipids were higher (p<0.05) between treatments. Protein rate was different (p>0.05) only in the biodigested treatment. Highest A. gracilis densities were reported in 2L throughout the experiment the biodigested treatment had the highest density, 6.2 x 107 cells.ml-1, on the 5th day. Orthophosphate, pH, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen and water temperature were only different (p<0.05) between volumes. Nitrite, however, was not reported in the 2L volume treatment. Significant differences (p<0.05) between media were only reported for DBO5. Light demand was also... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Mestre

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Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-11T18:56:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Bruno Botelho Saleh.pdf: 2346129 bytes, checksum: fe906738dca9a661de96e77fdb8c304a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-11T18:56:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Bruno Botelho Saleh.pdf: 2346129 bytes, checksum: fe906738dca9a661de96e77fdb8c304a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-17 / CAPES / The city of Rio Verde-GO has excelled for having important agro-industrial units with important breeding of cattle, poultry and pigs. The swine farms handle the liquid waste stabilization ponds with or without digesters systems, accumulating them for 2 months to 4 months, and then applied in areas of approximately 100 to 300 acres. Floating gas collection chambers, where the samples are captured biogas emitted to the atmosphere of stabilization ponds and then analyzed the samples in the laboratory of Embrapa Agrobiology were installed, in addition, to conduct sampling of swine manure (DLS) itself to quantification of elements present in it. It was found in this study that the largest emissions of methane (CH4) were in the following descending order of magnitude: 205.3 ? 68.79 Mg CH4 yr-1 for the fattening farm without biodigester (4,000 swines); 123.94 ? 39.17 Mg CH4 yr-1 in the fattening farm with a biodigester (4,000 swines); 11.22 ? 3.0 ton CH4 year-1 for the producing piglets farm with a biodigester (1,008 matrices swines) and 2.75 ? 0.89 Mg CH4 yr-1 in the producing piglets farm with two biodigesters (728 matrices swines), thus proving expected to their farms in production. Interaction in methane (CH4 Mg yr-1) and concentration (mg L-1) macronutrients (N, P and K) present in the DLS was observed for nitrogen (Ntotal) a linear equation y = 0.1797x ? 111.81 (R2 0.9844); for phosphorus (P) is the linear equation y = 1.4905x ? 25.224 (R2 0.9436); whereas for potassium (K) a linear equation y = 0.0693 ? 35.934 (R2 0.9337). / A cidade de Rio Verde-GO tem se destacado por contar com importantes unidades agroindustriais com importante plantel de bovinos, av?cola e de su?nos. As granjas de su?nos manejam os res?duos l?quidos em sistemas de lagoas de estabiliza??o com ou sem biodigestores, acumulando-os durante 2 meses a 4 meses, sendo ent?o aplicados em ?reas de aproximadamente 100 a 300 hectares. Foram instaladas c?maras flutuantes de coleta de gases, onde foram capturadas as amostras do biog?s emitido para atmosfera das lagoas de estabiliza??o e ent?o analisadas as amostras no laborat?rio da Embrapa Agrobiologia, al?m, da realiza??o de coletas de amostras do pr?prio dejeto l?quido de su?no (DLS) para quantifica??o dos elementos presentes no mesmo. Verificou-se na presente pesquisa que as maiores emiss?es de metano (CH4) ocorreram na seguinte ordem de grandeza decrescente: 205,3 ? 68,79 Mg CH4 ano-1 para a granja em termina??o sem biodigestor (4.000 su?nos); 123,94 ? 39,17 Mg CH4 ano-1 na granja de termina??o com um biodigestor (4.000 su?nos); 11,22 ? 3,0 Mg CH4 ano-1para a granja de produ??o de leit?es com um biodigestor (1.008 matrizes em produ??o) e 2,75 ? 0,89 Mg CH4 ano-1 na granja de produ??o de leit?es com dois biodigestores (728 matrizes em produ??o), comprovando assim o esperado para as respectivas granjas em produ??o. Na intera??o das emiss?es de metano (Mg CH4 ano-1) e a concentra??o (mg L-1) de macronutrientes (N, P e K) presentes nos DLS observou-se para o nitrog?nio (NTotal) uma equa??o linear ? = 0,1797? ? 111,81 (R2 de 0,9844); em rela??o ao f?sforo (P) esta equa??o linear ? = 1,4905? ? 25,224 (R2 de 0,9436); enquanto que para o pot?ssio (K) uma equa??o linear ? = 0,0693? ? 35,934 (R2 de 0,9337).

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:37:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo_Zenatti.pdf: 1041491 bytes, checksum: d3d98bf107bf8f49534dd4b6f73644d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this work was evaluate the effect of the application of swine manure increasing doses in the production and the content of nutrients and toxic heavy metals in two cuts of the forage Tifton 85 (Cynodon dactylon) grown in two different soil textures. The experiments were carried out in greenhouse using an Rhodustults (PVe) of sand texture, and an Haplustox (LVe) of clay texture. It was used a completely randomized design (CRD), 2x4 factorial with treatments consisting by two sources of the organic fertilizer based on swine manure (in nature and biofertilizer) and four doses for each source, with four replications. In the first cut, for the PVe, the two sources of fertilizer influenced the vegetable content of P and Mn and the doses influenced the N, P, K, Cu and Zn content. To the LVe, the sources influenced the vegetable content of Mg and the doses influenced on N, P, K, Mg, Cu, Fe levels. Yet observed in the first cut that the use of biofertilizer provided higher accumulation of Cr in the tissue plant when compared to the use of in nature manure. In the second cut, for the LVe, the sources influenced the vegetable contents of the elements P, Fe, Mn and Cu, and the doses influenced the N, P, K, Fe, Mn and Cu levels, and for the LVe, the sources influenced the vegetable content of the elements P and Cu, and the doses influenced the N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn levels. For the toxic heavy metals studied, the Pb content in the LVe was higher compared to the PVe, and the levels values were above the value assigned by CETESB (17 mg kg-1) as an indicator of soil quality. It was concluded that the application of in nature manure provided highest production of Tifton 85 when compared with the use of biofertilizers. The doses influenced on N, P, K and Cu in plant tissue and the levels of toxic heavy metals Cr and Pb in both cultivation soils / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de doses crescentes de dejetos de suínos na produção e nos teores de nutrientes e metais pesados tóxicos em dois cortes da forrageira Tifton 85 (Cynodon dactylon) cultivada em dois solos de diferentes texturas. Os experimentos foram implantados em ambiente protegido utilizando-se um Argissolo Vermelho eutrófico (PVe) de textura arenosa, e um Latossolo Vermelho eutrófico (LVe) de textura argilosa, sendo o volume de solo de 8 dm³. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), fatorial 2x4 sendo os tratamentos constituídos por duas fontes de fertilizantes orgânicos a base de dejetos suínos (in natura e biofertilizante) e quatro doses para cada fonte, com quatro repetições. No primeiro corte, para o PVe, as duas fontes de fertilizante influenciaram nos teores vegetais de P e Mn e as doses influenciaram nos teores de N, P, K, Cu e Zn. Já para o LVe, as fontes influenciaram nos teores vegetais de Mg e as doses influenciaram nos teores de N, P, K, Mg, Cu, Fe. Observa-se ainda no primeiro corte que o uso do biofertilizante proporcionou maior acúmulo de Cr no tecido vegetal quando comparado ao uso do dejeto in natura. No segundo corte, para o LVe, as fontes influenciaram nos teores vegetais dos elementos P, Fe, Mn e Cu, e as doses influenciaram nos teores de N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu, e para o LVe as fontes influenciaram nos teores vegetais dos elementos P e Cu e as doses influenciaram nos teores de N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu e Zn. Para os metais pesados tóxicos avaliados, o teor de Pb no LVe foi superior quando comparado ao PVe, e os valores dos teores ficaram acima do valor atribuído pela CETESB (17 mg kg-1) como indicador de qualidade no solo. Conclui-se que a aplicação de dejetos in natura proporcionou maior produção da Tifton 85 quando comparada com uso de biofertilizante. As doses influenciam nos teores de N,P,K e Cu no tecido vegetal e nos níveis de metais pesados tóxicos Cr e Pb em ambos os solos de cultivo.

Development of the swine and cattle industries has led to an increase of manure application to agricultural lands in Saskatchewan. Studies have been conducted to determine the nutrient benefits of swine manure application. However, a need was also identified for information on the effects of manure application on soil physical and chemical properties. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of repeated applications of manure on soil physical and chemical properties and to relate those effects to early plant growth and development.<p>Four experimental sites were used, representing the Dark Brown (Plenty), Brown (Riverhurst irrigated), Black (Dixon) and Gray (Melfort) Soil Zones of Saskatchewan, where liquid swine manure had been applied for four to seven years. At each site, treatments were 1) a control treatment, 2) a nitrogen based agronomic rate of manure application, 3) a high rate of manure application (2-4x the agronomic rate) and 4) a urea fertilizer treatment. At the Dixon site, the same two manure treatments with cattle manure were also examined.<p>Soil strength, as determined by penetration resistance measurements and barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) emergence were measured at two experimental sites (swine and cattle manure trials at Dixon, SK) in a field study. Penetration resistance was measured at 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm depths, 20, 39 and 123 days after seeding using a recording cone penetrograph. Twenty days after seeding, there were no significant differences among treatments at the 10, 15 and 20 cm depths. But, at the 5 cm depth, the control treatment had soil strength 0.11 MPa lower than the two manure rates. The manure treatments were not significantly different from the urea treatment. Thirty-nine days after seeding, the soil strength of the low rate manure treatment was 1.1 MPa greater than the control at the 10 cm depth, but not significantly different from the urea treatment. One hundred and twenty three days after seeding, the control treatment had greater soil strength than the high rate of manure at 5 and 10 cm depths by 0.28 and 0.71 MPa respectively. At the 20 cm depth, the high rate of manure had the greatest soil strength. Barley emergence on the two manured treatments did not differ significantly from the control. Aggregate size was measured in field samples collected from all sites. Aggregate size for the manured treatments did not differ from the control at any site.<p>Soil crust strength, flax emergence, infiltration rate, salinity, sodicity, coefficient of linear extensibility (COLE) and modulus of rupture were measured under controlled conditions in intact cores of soil removed from all five experimental sites. All soils were treated with a simulated rainfall from a Guelph Rainfall Simulator II. Following the simulated rainfall, crust strength was measured with a hand-held penetrometer. Soil crust strength was measured daily for 10 days as the cores dried. Repeated applications of liquid swine manure at either low or high rates decreased soil strength in the Plenty, Riverhurst and Melfort soils, and increased soil strength in the Dixon soil. Repeated applications of liquid swine manure at low rates caused flax emergence to decrease for the Riverhurst soil compared to its control and had no significant effect at the other sites. There were no notable differences in infiltration rates among treatments. Repeated applications of liquid swine manure caused salinity (EC) to increase slightly for the Plenty and Riverhurst soils, and sodicity (ESP) to increase slightly for the Melfort and Dixon soils relative to their control. The COLE and modulus of rupture measurements indicated no significant effects and were inconclusive due to difficulties in measurement. <p>None of the properties measured in any of the treatments exceeded threshold values for soil productivity, or where plant injury might be considered an issue. It is concluded that repeated (four to seven) annual applications of liquid swine or cattle manure would not cause any large alterations in soil strength, aggregation, infiltration, salinity, or sodicity that would affect early plant growth and development. This was supported by field and lab measurements of emergence that showed limited effect.