Swine slurry is a source of nutrients to grasslands. However, accumulation of N or P can lead to their movement to groundwater. This thesis’ research was conducted using a tame pasture fertilized over six years with swine slurry at N-requirement rates, on a gravelly soil in south-eastern Manitoba. Objectives were to determine N and P soil surplus and accumulation over time, soil profile P fractions and soil surface P saturation, and nitrate and dissolved-P in shallow groundwater for treatment combinations of forage utilization (Hay and Grazed), slurry application in spring (Single), split in fall and spring (Split) and no slurry (Control), and Grassed areas of grazed paddocks and Bare areas where cattle congregated around water troughs. There were less surplus and accumulation of extractable-P in the soil surface for the Split compared to the Single treatment because of less P in fall- than in spring-applied manure. With Grazing, there were greater surpluses of N and P than with Haying, and surface accumulation of extractable-P over time was linear being 16.5 and 11.9 mg P kg-1 year-1at 0-5 cm for Grazed and Hay treatments, respectively. Labile inorganic-P fractions (water- and bicarbonate-extractable) increased in the Bare and in the Single Grassed treatments. In the Bare treatment, P-sorption capacity at 0-5 cm decreased compared to the Grassed treatment. The surface soil of the Bare areas had large concentrations of water-soluble-P up to 165 mg P kg-1 associated with an increase in P-saturation to 88 % of the sorption capacity, and nitrate was elevated in the soil profile. Concentrations of nitrate-N and dissolved-P in groundwater were below the environmental thresholds of 10 mg nitrate-N L-1 and 0.025 mg P L-1, respectively, in both the Hay and the Grazed Grassed treatments. In contrast, the Control and Single Bare treatments had nitrate concentrations always above the threshold, and the Bare areas in the Single paddocks had P concentrations of environmental concern in 2009, averaging 0.7 mg total dissolved P L-1. Nitrogen-based slurry applications did not cause leaching of N or P, but Bare areas in grazed pastures are at risk of N and P leaching.

Swine slurry is a source of nutrients to grasslands. However, accumulation of N or P can lead to their movement to groundwater. This thesis’ research was conducted using a tame pasture fertilized over six years with swine slurry at N-requirement rates, on a gravelly soil in south-eastern Manitoba. Objectives were to determine N and P soil surplus and accumulation over time, soil profile P fractions and soil surface P saturation, and nitrate and dissolved-P in shallow groundwater for treatment combinations of forage utilization (Hay and Grazed), slurry application in spring (Single), split in fall and spring (Split) and no slurry (Control), and Grassed areas of grazed paddocks and Bare areas where cattle congregated around water troughs. There were less surplus and accumulation of extractable-P in the soil surface for the Split compared to the Single treatment because of less P in fall- than in spring-applied manure. With Grazing, there were greater surpluses of N and P than with Haying, and surface accumulation of extractable-P over time was linear being 16.5 and 11.9 mg P kg-1 year-1at 0-5 cm for Grazed and Hay treatments, respectively. Labile inorganic-P fractions (water- and bicarbonate-extractable) increased in the Bare and in the Single Grassed treatments. In the Bare treatment, P-sorption capacity at 0-5 cm decreased compared to the Grassed treatment. The surface soil of the Bare areas had large concentrations of water-soluble-P up to 165 mg P kg-1 associated with an increase in P-saturation to 88 % of the sorption capacity, and nitrate was elevated in the soil profile. Concentrations of nitrate-N and dissolved-P in groundwater were below the environmental thresholds of 10 mg nitrate-N L-1 and 0.025 mg P L-1, respectively, in both the Hay and the Grazed Grassed treatments. In contrast, the Control and Single Bare treatments had nitrate concentrations always above the threshold, and the Bare areas in the Single paddocks had P concentrations of environmental concern in 2009, averaging 0.7 mg total dissolved P L-1. Nitrogen-based slurry applications did not cause leaching of N or P, but Bare areas in grazed pastures are at risk of N and P leaching.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T19:25:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fabio.pdf: 669831 bytes, checksum: 4234cdb41111aee1569cd3f350a5f7ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-01 / The application rates of swine wastewater used in crop production should be enough to meet the demand for plant nutrients. Thus, it is justified the need to research its use and management as a fertilizer for applications to be made according to technical recommendations. Taking into account its features, soil characteristics and crop were taken into account. In this context, the aim of this study was to monitor wastewater influence as topdressing to maize (Zea mays L.) and black oats (Avena strigosa Schreb.) crops in sequence. Five rates of wastewater application (0; 100; 200; 300 e 537 m3ha-1 equivalents to 0; 11,2; 22,3; 33,5 and 60 kg ha-1 of N respectively, based on an average concentration of N on swine wastewater) were tested in four replications each. In maize and black oats were performed foliar and plant tissue analysis. In the soil porosity, bulk density, soil water content, pH, carbon, CEC (Cation Exchangeable Capacity), alkaline saturation, potential acidity and nutrients were determined at the final maize and black oats cycles. The topdressing on maize crop sowing crop increased foliar content of P, N e Mn, decreased the foliar content of K and Mg. In black oats crop the residual effects provided 87% dry mass increase, chlorophyll content, foliar contents of N, Ca and Na, and decreased the relation between leaf/stem and contents of P, K, Mg and Cu. The crops under swine wastewater treatment did not show nutrients deficiency. There was a decrease on the macropores and total soil porosity when the application rate of swine wastewater increased on maize crop. The roots development of black oats contributed to improve the soil physical quality and decreased the compaction on 0 to 15 cm, upper layer. There were an increases of K+, Cu and Zn contents, potential acidity and cation exchange capacity and decreases of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Fe contents, base saturation and soil pH. In this experiment, rates up to 200 m3ha-1 (except control) showed available results of nutrients; which did not cause deficiency on soil aeration, important to crops. Thus, it can be used as maize topdressing. / As taxas de aplicação de águas residuárias de suinocultura (ARS) utilizadas na produção agrícola devem ser suficientes para suprir a demanda das plantas por nutrientes. Justifica-se, então, a necessidade de pesquisas sobre uso e manejo da água residuária de suinocultura como fertilizante, para que aplicações sejam feitas de acordo com recomendações técnicas, levando-se em conta sua composição, as características do solo e da cultura. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi monitorar a influência do uso da água residuária de suinocultura, aplicada como adubação de cobertura na cultura do milho com cultivo sequencial de aveia preta. Cinco taxas de aplicação de água residuária (0; 100; 200; 300 e 537 m3ha-1, equivalentes a 0; 11,2; 22,3; 33,5 e 60 kg ha-1 de N respectivamente, baseado na concentração média de N na ARS) foram testadas, com quatro repetições cada. No milho e na aveia preta foram feitas análises foliares e do tecido vegetal. No solo foram determinados: porosidade do solo, densidade, teor de água, pH, carbono, CTC, saturação por bases, acidez potencial e nutrientes, antes da semeadura do milho e ao final dos ciclos do milho e aveia preta. A adubação de cobertura na cultura do milho elevou os teores foliares de P, N e Mn e diminuiu os teores foliares de K e Mg. Na cultura da aveia preta, o efeito residual proporcionou aumento de 87% na massa seca, teor de clorofila, teores foliares de N, Ca e Na, e diminuiu a relação folha/colmo e teores de P, K, Mg, Cu. As culturas sob tratamentos com ARS não apresentaram deficiência de nutrientes. Houve redução da macroporosidade e porosidade total do solo, quanto maior foi a taxa de aplicação de ARS na cultura do milho. A introdução da aveia preta contribuiu para melhorar a qualidade física do solo e reduziu a compactação na camada superficial de 0-15 cm. Houve aumento dos teores de K+, Cu e Zn, acidez potencial e capacidade de troca de cátions e reduziu teores de Ca2+, Mg2+ e Fe, saturação por bases e pH do solo. Neste experimento, taxas com até 200 m3ha-1 (exceto testemunha) apresentaram resultados de suficiência de nutrientes e não provocaram deficiência na aeração do solo, o que foi benéfico para as culturas, podendo ser utilizadas como adubação de cobertura em milho.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:48:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fabio.pdf: 669831 bytes, checksum: 4234cdb41111aee1569cd3f350a5f7ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-01 / The application rates of swine wastewater used in crop production should be enough to meet the demand for plant nutrients. Thus, it is justified the need to research its use and management as a fertilizer for applications to be made according to technical recommendations. Taking into account its features, soil characteristics and crop were taken into account. In this context, the aim of this study was to monitor wastewater influence as topdressing to maize (Zea mays L.) and black oats (Avena strigosa Schreb.) crops in sequence. Five rates of wastewater application (0; 100; 200; 300 e 537 m3ha-1 equivalents to 0; 11,2; 22,3; 33,5 and 60 kg ha-1 of N respectively, based on an average concentration of N on swine wastewater) were tested in four replications each. In maize and black oats were performed foliar and plant tissue analysis. In the soil porosity, bulk density, soil water content, pH, carbon, CEC (Cation Exchangeable Capacity), alkaline saturation, potential acidity and nutrients were determined at the final maize and black oats cycles. The topdressing on maize crop sowing crop increased foliar content of P, N e Mn, decreased the foliar content of K and Mg. In black oats crop the residual effects provided 87% dry mass increase, chlorophyll content, foliar contents of N, Ca and Na, and decreased the relation between leaf/stem and contents of P, K, Mg and Cu. The crops under swine wastewater treatment did not show nutrients deficiency. There was a decrease on the macropores and total soil porosity when the application rate of swine wastewater increased on maize crop. The roots development of black oats contributed to improve the soil physical quality and decreased the compaction on 0 to 15 cm, upper layer. There were an increases of K+, Cu and Zn contents, potential acidity and cation exchange capacity and decreases of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Fe contents, base saturation and soil pH. In this experiment, rates up to 200 m3ha-1 (except control) showed available results of nutrients; which did not cause deficiency on soil aeration, important to crops. Thus, it can be used as maize topdressing. / As taxas de aplicação de águas residuárias de suinocultura (ARS) utilizadas na produção agrícola devem ser suficientes para suprir a demanda das plantas por nutrientes. Justifica-se, então, a necessidade de pesquisas sobre uso e manejo da água residuária de suinocultura como fertilizante, para que aplicações sejam feitas de acordo com recomendações técnicas, levando-se em conta sua composição, as características do solo e da cultura. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi monitorar a influência do uso da água residuária de suinocultura, aplicada como adubação de cobertura na cultura do milho com cultivo sequencial de aveia preta. Cinco taxas de aplicação de água residuária (0; 100; 200; 300 e 537 m3ha-1, equivalentes a 0; 11,2; 22,3; 33,5 e 60 kg ha-1 de N respectivamente, baseado na concentração média de N na ARS) foram testadas, com quatro repetições cada. No milho e na aveia preta foram feitas análises foliares e do tecido vegetal. No solo foram determinados: porosidade do solo, densidade, teor de água, pH, carbono, CTC, saturação por bases, acidez potencial e nutrientes, antes da semeadura do milho e ao final dos ciclos do milho e aveia preta. A adubação de cobertura na cultura do milho elevou os teores foliares de P, N e Mn e diminuiu os teores foliares de K e Mg. Na cultura da aveia preta, o efeito residual proporcionou aumento de 87% na massa seca, teor de clorofila, teores foliares de N, Ca e Na, e diminuiu a relação folha/colmo e teores de P, K, Mg, Cu. As culturas sob tratamentos com ARS não apresentaram deficiência de nutrientes. Houve redução da macroporosidade e porosidade total do solo, quanto maior foi a taxa de aplicação de ARS na cultura do milho. A introdução da aveia preta contribuiu para melhorar a qualidade física do solo e reduziu a compactação na camada superficial de 0-15 cm. Houve aumento dos teores de K+, Cu e Zn, acidez potencial e capacidade de troca de cátions e reduziu teores de Ca2+, Mg2+ e Fe, saturação por bases e pH do solo. Neste experimento, taxas com até 200 m3ha-1 (exceto testemunha) apresentaram resultados de suficiência de nutrientes e não provocaram deficiência na aeração do solo, o que foi benéfico para as culturas, podendo ser utilizadas como adubação de cobertura em milho.

Orientador: Jorge de Lucas Junior / Banca: Beno Wendling / Banca: João Antônio Galbiatti / Banca: Regina Maria Quintão Lana / Banca: Elias Nascentes Borges / Resumo: A necessidade de ampliação de atitudes que levam o meio rural a buscar a sustentabilidade e a implantação do uso da biodigestão anaeróbia tem sido incentivada por se tratar de um mecanismo de desenvolvimento limpo que alia a importância do tratamento dos resíduos agropecuários (dejetos), geração de energia (biogás) e biofertilizante. Desenvolveu-se um estudo em que se focou a hipótese que a implantação de sistema de tratamento de dejetos, com o uso de biodigestor anaeróbio e o aproveitamento dos seus produtos, o biofertilizante, poderia substituir a adubação mineral nitrogenada de cobertura no cultivo de forrageiras e que essa prática poderia reduzir o custo de adubação e promover ganhos adicionais com a geração de energia elétrica e ganhos ambientais, com a redução de emissão de metano e produção do biogás. Utilizou-se como ferramenta para embasar a hipótese três cultivos de forrageira, um de sorgo e dois de milho. Observou-se que a aplicação de biofertilizante e composto bovino não promoveram aumentos significativos na produtividade das culturas. Paralelamente desenvolveu-se a implantação de um biodigestor de manta de PVC flexível que serviu de parâmetros para a simulação da viabilidade econômica de um sistema de criação de bovino para 100 vacas leiteiras e um sistema de criação de suínos de ciclo completo para 500 matrizes. Conclui-se que projetos que contemplam o princípio da interdisciplinaridade podem auxiliar de maneira mais efetiva na tomada de decisão de implantação de soluções ambientalmente corretas que podem ser também economicamente viáveis. / Abstract: Because of the need for expansion of attitudes that lead to rural areas to seek sustainability. The introduction of the use of anaerobic digestion has been encouraged by the case of a clean development mechanism that combines the importance of processing of agricultural waste (manure), generation of energy (biogas) and biofertilizer. Has developed a study that focused on the hypothesis that the deployment system for the treatment of waste using anaerobic biodigest and use products, the biofertilizer, could replace mineral nitrogen fertilization in coverage the cultivation of fodder and that this practice could reduce the cost of fertilizer and promote additional gains in the generation of electric energy and environmental gains, such as reducing the emission of methane. It was used as a tool for the hypothesis based three of forage crops, one the sorghum and two maize. It was observed that the application of biofertilizer and compost cattle did not promote significant increases in productivity of crops. Developed in parallel to implement a blanket biodigest of flexible PVC that served as parameters for the simulation of the economic viability of a system for creating and veal to 100 dairy cows and a pig breeding cycle of full matrix for 500. It is concluded that projects that include the principle of interdisciplinarity can assist more effectively in decision making for the deployment of environmentally correct solutions that can be economically viable. / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-05-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:45:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_aa_dr_jabo.pdf: 637049 bytes, checksum: 5ae6ccd522ca36efab6ebab2ca5ea62e (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Sansuy S.A. Industria de Plasticos / Universidade Federal de Uberlandia / A necessidade de ampliação de atitudes que levam o meio rural a buscar a sustentabilidade e a implantação do uso da biodigestão anaeróbia tem sido incentivada por se tratar de um mecanismo de desenvolvimento limpo que alia a importância do tratamento dos resíduos agropecuários (dejetos), geração de energia (biogás) e biofertilizante. Desenvolveu-se um estudo em que se focou a hipótese que a implantação de sistema de tratamento de dejetos, com o uso de biodigestor anaeróbio e o aproveitamento dos seus produtos, o biofertilizante, poderia substituir a adubação mineral nitrogenada de cobertura no cultivo de forrageiras e que essa prática poderia reduzir o custo de adubação e promover ganhos adicionais com a geração de energia elétrica e ganhos ambientais, com a redução de emissão de metano e produção do biogás. Utilizou-se como ferramenta para embasar a hipótese três cultivos de forrageira, um de sorgo e dois de milho. Observou-se que a aplicação de biofertilizante e composto bovino não promoveram aumentos significativos na produtividade das culturas. Paralelamente desenvolveu-se a implantação de um biodigestor de manta de PVC flexível que serviu de parâmetros para a simulação da viabilidade econômica de um sistema de criação de bovino para 100 vacas leiteiras e um sistema de criação de suínos de ciclo completo para 500 matrizes. Conclui-se que projetos que contemplam o princípio da interdisciplinaridade podem auxiliar de maneira mais efetiva na tomada de decisão de implantação de soluções ambientalmente corretas que podem ser também economicamente viáveis. / Because of the need for expansion of attitudes that lead to rural areas to seek sustainability. The introduction of the use of anaerobic digestion has been encouraged by the case of a clean development mechanism that combines the importance of processing of agricultural waste (manure), generation of energy (biogas) and biofertilizer. Has developed a study that focused on the hypothesis that the deployment system for the treatment of waste using anaerobic biodigest and use products, the biofertilizer, could replace mineral nitrogen fertilization in coverage the cultivation of fodder and that this practice could reduce the cost of fertilizer and promote additional gains in the generation of electric energy and environmental gains, such as reducing the emission of methane. It was used as a tool for the hypothesis based three of forage crops, one the sorghum and two maize. It was observed that the application of biofertilizer and compost cattle did not promote significant increases in productivity of crops. Developed in parallel to implement a blanket biodigest of flexible PVC that served as parameters for the simulation of the economic viability of a system for creating and veal to 100 dairy cows and a pig breeding cycle of full matrix for 500. It is concluded that projects that include the principle of interdisciplinarity can assist more effectively in decision making for the deployment of environmentally correct solutions that can be economically viable.