Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-30T18:03:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Gustavo C?sar Ar?as de Souza.pdf: 825148 bytes, checksum: 9a82bc5e8c5afb69da1c09582194146e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-30T18:03:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Gustavo C?sar Ar?as de Souza.pdf: 825148 bytes, checksum: 9a82bc5e8c5afb69da1c09582194146e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-14 / CAPES / This work aims to investigate the nature of the relationship between ?Torcidas Organizadas? and directors of the football?s clubs. F or this an ethnography was produced having as object of analysis the crowd ?Young Flu?, of Fluminense, That ethnography took 1 year to be prepared, in which involved travel , interviews , friendships , dangers and a new vision about football. Football should be seen as a "total social fact", where the concept by Anthropologist Mauss (2003), wich the social are only real if that?s integrate a system. All the meaning of one society are resumed in all: total in the sense that society includes all human phenomena of economic , cultural, political, religious , among others , with no prior hierarchy . Whole, in the sense that the nature of the goods produced by community members is not only material, but particularly symbolic. ?Torcidas Organizadas? are legal institutions, they are legally registered in government, not being clandestine groups. The ?Organizadas? uses symbols as flags, banners, and ?bandeir?es?. Recivieng for free a quota of tickets, Tickets to the hands of the fans become a form of self-financing, a symbolic economy of tickets, we could include in this list as well the social events and activities like travels, where twisted also remunerate, sales material symbols using the free licensed club form. If so show true income profit generating enterprises. Suggesting a market relationship between ?Torcidas Organizadas? and the club boards, this can be understood as informal. Being a member of a ?Torcida Organizada? confers rights, a sense of belonging different from others. Being part of this group creates bonds of solidarity , cooperation and distinction before the other, it is assumed a commitment with face, but in bleachers everyone are welcome to support. / Este trabalho visa investigar a natureza da rela??o entre Torcidas Organizadas e diretoria de clube de futebol. Para tal, foi produzida uma etnografia tendo como objeto de an?lise a torcida Young Flu, do Fluminense. A etnografia foi realizada em cerca de 1 ano no qual acumularam-se viagens, entrevistas, amizades, perigos e uma nova vis?o a respeito do futebol. O futebol deve ser visto como ?um fato social total?, conceito de Mauss (2003), no qual o social s? ? real quando est? integrado a um sistema. Uma totalidade no sentido de que a sociedade inclui todos os fen?menos humanos de natureza econ?mica, cultural, pol?tica, religiosa, entre outros. Totalidade, no sentido de que a natureza desses bens produzidos pelos membros das comunidades n?o ? apenas material, mas, sobretudo, simb?lica. Torcidas Organizadas s?o institui??es legais, com CNPJ, n?o sendo grupos clandestinos. As Organizadas usam s?mbolos, bandeiras, bandeir?es e faixas. Recendo gratuitamente das diretorias uma cota de ingressos, estes que nas m?os das torcidas, tornam-se um instrumento de uma economia simb?lica de ingressos. Esta forma de autofinanciamento engloba tamb?m atividades sociais, como eventos e viagens, al?m da venda de material esportivo com s?mbolos da torcida e do clube (com a licen?a gratuita deste tamb?m). Mostram-se assim, verdadeiras empresas geradoras de lucro. Sugerindo, dessa forma, que existe uma rela??o de mercado compreendida como informal entre as Torcidas Organizadas e as diretorias de clube. Ser membro de Torcida Organizada garante certos direitos e contribui para internalizar um sentimento de pertencimento pelos quais outros n?o passam. Criam-se la?os de solidariedade, de coopera??o e de distin??o perante os demais; assume-se um compromisso com rosto. Contudo, saliento que na arquibancada todos s?o bem-vindos para apoiar.

Tobacco smoking in Canada has decreased over the last 20 years but remains persistent in lower socioeconomic status (SES) groups. The current study is an examination of tobacco smoking among lower SES Canadians that seeks to explore the social context of tobacco smoking from the perspective of those individuals who participate in it. This study utilized in-depth interviews with nine working class males from the Greater Vancouver and the Capital Regional Districts. It followed the phenomenological method in attempting to understand the experience of a working class smoker, reading that analysis through a Bourdieusian conceptual framework. This framework served to define the social context in terms of multiple symbolic economies bounded by symbolic boundaries, providing a coherent geography within which to locate the experiences. The study finds that within the working class symbolic economy, tobacco smoking is seen as legitimate and is enmeshed within conceptions of leisure, of self and intimately tied to other culturally-mediated commodities such as alcohol and other drugs. The findings further indicate that tobacco smoking in and of itself is not a cultural capital, but becomes culturally relevant when it is performed correctly. Correct performance requires adherence to certain rules, however, the best performance of smoking is done when it is presented as natural. Tobacco smoking, the findings indicate, is so “taken-for-granted” that unless one is a committed, ‘real’ smoker all others, social smokers included, are considered non-smokers. Through sharing and semi-ritualized consumption, tobacco smoking helps to reinforce reciprocal relationships that strengthen potentially insecure social bonds. Finally, working class males present themselves as self-reliant individuals that find cessation aids and therapies to be an embarrassment to their conception of self, thus to use cessation aids is to admit failure. The implication of these findings is that tobacco persistence exists within a classed symbolic economy that is simply not reached by current tobacco cessation programs and health research. To be effective then, such programs need to take into account the value and role tobacco smoking plays within this economy. / Graduate

This thesis sets out to explore the implications that transport infrastructures have on the production and perception of the urban built environment. Particularly, it focuses on the Victorian brick viaducts constructed to support the elevated railway in Manchester, England. It concentrates on Manchester’s post-industrial restructuring and re-imaging since the late 1960s, exploring how the presence of brick railway viaducts, as well as the uses beneath their arches, have impacted strategies for revalorisation in the wake of gradual deindustrialisation. In exploring the changing symbolic economy of landscapes dominated by railway infrastructure, as well as the shifting uses and images of railway arches, this thesis explores the interplay between political economy and the aesthetic and symbolic dimensions of urban regeneration. Upon establishing the mutually constituted history of Manchester’s elevated railways and its city centre and demonstrating how this 19th century process has shaped the form and character of the city, it excavates a cultural history of the infrastructural landscapes of the city. Special emphasis is placed on the uses and perceptions of railway arches, which have long served as symbols of dereliction and social disorder. These spatial and cultural histories act as a foundation for analysing how the city’s railway viaducts have been implicated in the re-imagining of Manchester as a post-industrial city. These histories and representations are explored in relation to property-led strategies of environmental improvement, industrial displacement, and heritage tourism along the southern fringe of Manchester city centre, focusing on three thematic and spatially bound case studies. These case studies rely on documentary data of planning and design strategies, interviews with elite actors involved in the re-imaging of Manchester city centre, and ethnographic observation. Using critical discourse analysis, the thesis unpacks the narrative relationship between dominant representations of these spaces and professional justifications for their material and symbolic reconfiguration.