O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo da dinâmica folicular da ovelha Santa Inês no protocolo de nove dias de sincronização de cios, com e sem a administração do eCG, utilizando um novo dispositivo intravaginal de silicone Primer-PR® (Tecnopec Brasil). No experimento 1, dez ovelhas receberam o dispositivo vaginal no D0, retirada no D9 e aplicação de 0,4mL de d-cloprostenol. Os exames ultrassonográficos foram diários, desde D-3 da colocação do dispositivo vaginal até o D9 e a partir deste, de 12 em 12 horas até a ovulação. Concomitantemente ao experimento 1, as coletas de sangue foram realizadas entre as ovelhas que receberam o dispositivo (grupo GP, n=10) e àquelas em estado fisiológico (grupo GF, n=12). No experimento 2, nove ovelhas receberam igual tratamento do experimento 1 e 250UI de eCG na retirada do dispositivo. Os exames ultrassonográficos para o acompanhamento da dinâmica folicular ocorreram de 12 em 12 horas do D9 até a ovulação. Neste experimento, o sangue foi coletado em dias intervalados desde D-1 até D13. No experimento um, a emergência folicular ocorreu em 8,5 dias ± 16 horas após a colocação do dispositivo vaginal. As ovelhas entraram e saíram do cio, respectivamente, 45,6 ± 12,71h e 72 ± 12,96h após a retirada do mesmo e a ovulação ocorreu em 73 ± 14,38 h. O diâmetro inicial médio do folículo foi de 3,48 ± 0,28 mm e do ovulatório de 5,22 ± 0,72 mm, diferindo significativamente (p=0,006) entre o primeiro e o segundo folículo ovulatório e entre o primeiro folículo de animais com simples (5,77 ± 0,34mm) ou dupla (4,83 ± 0,18mm) ovulação (P=0,003). A taxa de crescimento no período foi 0,73 ± 0,43 (mm/dia). No experimento 2, o estro iniciou-se às 36 ± 6,4h, finalizou às 81 ± 8,46h com a ovulação em 74,3 ± 7,56 h após a retirada do dispositivo vaginal. O diâmetro inicial médio do folículo foi de 4,04 ± 0,78 mm e do ovulatório de 5,40 ± 0,59 mm, diferindo significativamente entre o primeiro folículo de animais com simples (5,91± 0,27mm) ou dupla (5,2 ± 0,22mm) ovulação (P=0,007). A taxa de crescimento folicular no período foi de 0,66 ± 0,43 mm ao dia. No experimento 1, o dispositivo Primer-PR® elevou a concentração plasmática de progesterona do grupo GP a 6,56 ± 2,32 ng/mL, enquanto o grupo fisiológico (GF) ficou em 3,8 ± 2,69 ng/mL no mesmo período. No experimento 2 a concentração plasmática de progesterona durante a permanência do dispositivo vaginal foi de 11,50 ± 3,11ng/mL. Conclui-se que foi possível realizar o acompanhamento da dinâmica folicular dentro do protocolo de nove dias de sincronização de cios na ovelha Santa Inês e que o novo dispositivo utilizado foi eficiente em sincronizar a emergência da onda folicular ovulatória. / The present study aimed the assessment of follicular dynamics in Santa Inês ewes during the nine day estrus synchronization protocol, with or without the administration of eCG, using a new intravaginal silicon device, Primer-PR® (Tecnopec Brasil). In Experiment 1, ten ewes received the vaginal device on D0, which was removed on D9 and received 0,4mL of d-cloprostenol. Ultrasound exams were performed daily, since D-3 of the device placement until D9 and every 12 hours thereafter, until ovulation. During Experiment 1, blood samples were taken from the ewes that received the device (grupo GP, n=10) and the ewes that were in physiological state (grupo GF, n=12). In Experiment 2, nine ewes received the same treatment in Experiment 1 and 250UI of eCG on the day of the device removal. Ultrasound exams for follicular development were performed every 12 hours starting on D9 until ovulation. Blood samples were taken every other day from D-1 until D13. In Experiment 1, follicular emergence occurred in 8,5 days ± 16 hours after the vaginal device placement. The ewes started and ended estrus at, respectively, 45,6 ± 12,71h and 72 ± 12,96h after device removal and ovulation was detected in 73 ± 14,38 h. The mean initial follicle diameter was 3,48 ± 0,28 mm and the mean ovulatory follicle diameter was 5,22 ± 0,72 mm, being statistically different (p=0,006) between the first and second ovulatory follicle and between the first follicle of single ovulation (5,77 ± 0,34mm) or double ovulation individuals (4,83 ± 0,18mm) (P=0,003). The follicular growth rate during this period was 0,73 ± 0,43 (mm/day). In Experiment 2, estrus started at 36 ± 6,4h, ended at 81 ± 8,46h with ovulation occurring in 74,3 ± 7,56 h after the vaginal device removal. The mean initial follicle diameter was 4,04 ± 0,78 mm and the mean diameter ovulatory follicle was 5,40 ± 0,59 mm, differing statistically between the first follicle of single ovulation individuals (5,91± 0,27mm) or double ovulation individuals (5,2 ± 0,22mm) (P=0,007). Follicular growth rate during the period was 0,66 ± 0,43 mm per day. In Experiment 1, Primer-PR® device increased plasmatic progesterone concentration in group GP to 6,56 ± 2,32 ng/mL, whereas physiological group (GF) had 3,8 ± 2,69 ng/mL during the same period. In Experiment 2 plasmatic progesterone concentration throughout the vaginal device use was 11,50 ± 3,11ng/mL. It can be concluded that it was possible to perform ultrasound evaluation of follicular dynamics during the nine day estrus synchronization protocol in Santa Inês ewes and that the new device used was efficient in synchronizing the emergence of ovulatory follicular wave.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo da dinâmica folicular da ovelha Santa Inês no protocolo de nove dias de sincronização de cios, com e sem a administração do eCG, utilizando um novo dispositivo intravaginal de silicone Primer-PR® (Tecnopec Brasil). No experimento 1, dez ovelhas receberam o dispositivo vaginal no D0, retirada no D9 e aplicação de 0,4mL de d-cloprostenol. Os exames ultrassonográficos foram diários, desde D-3 da colocação do dispositivo vaginal até o D9 e a partir deste, de 12 em 12 horas até a ovulação. Concomitantemente ao experimento 1, as coletas de sangue foram realizadas entre as ovelhas que receberam o dispositivo (grupo GP, n=10) e àquelas em estado fisiológico (grupo GF, n=12). No experimento 2, nove ovelhas receberam igual tratamento do experimento 1 e 250UI de eCG na retirada do dispositivo. Os exames ultrassonográficos para o acompanhamento da dinâmica folicular ocorreram de 12 em 12 horas do D9 até a ovulação. Neste experimento, o sangue foi coletado em dias intervalados desde D-1 até D13. No experimento um, a emergência folicular ocorreu em 8,5 dias ± 16 horas após a colocação do dispositivo vaginal. As ovelhas entraram e saíram do cio, respectivamente, 45,6 ± 12,71h e 72 ± 12,96h após a retirada do mesmo e a ovulação ocorreu em 73 ± 14,38 h. O diâmetro inicial médio do folículo foi de 3,48 ± 0,28 mm e do ovulatório de 5,22 ± 0,72 mm, diferindo significativamente (p=0,006) entre o primeiro e o segundo folículo ovulatório e entre o primeiro folículo de animais com simples (5,77 ± 0,34mm) ou dupla (4,83 ± 0,18mm) ovulação (P=0,003). A taxa de crescimento no período foi 0,73 ± 0,43 (mm/dia). No experimento 2, o estro iniciou-se às 36 ± 6,4h, finalizou às 81 ± 8,46h com a ovulação em 74,3 ± 7,56 h após a retirada do dispositivo vaginal. O diâmetro inicial médio do folículo foi de 4,04 ± 0,78 mm e do ovulatório de 5,40 ± 0,59 mm, diferindo significativamente entre o primeiro folículo de animais com simples (5,91± 0,27mm) ou dupla (5,2 ± 0,22mm) ovulação (P=0,007). A taxa de crescimento folicular no período foi de 0,66 ± 0,43 mm ao dia. No experimento 1, o dispositivo Primer-PR® elevou a concentração plasmática de progesterona do grupo GP a 6,56 ± 2,32 ng/mL, enquanto o grupo fisiológico (GF) ficou em 3,8 ± 2,69 ng/mL no mesmo período. No experimento 2 a concentração plasmática de progesterona durante a permanência do dispositivo vaginal foi de 11,50 ± 3,11ng/mL. Conclui-se que foi possível realizar o acompanhamento da dinâmica folicular dentro do protocolo de nove dias de sincronização de cios na ovelha Santa Inês e que o novo dispositivo utilizado foi eficiente em sincronizar a emergência da onda folicular ovulatória. / The present study aimed the assessment of follicular dynamics in Santa Inês ewes during the nine day estrus synchronization protocol, with or without the administration of eCG, using a new intravaginal silicon device, Primer-PR® (Tecnopec Brasil). In Experiment 1, ten ewes received the vaginal device on D0, which was removed on D9 and received 0,4mL of d-cloprostenol. Ultrasound exams were performed daily, since D-3 of the device placement until D9 and every 12 hours thereafter, until ovulation. During Experiment 1, blood samples were taken from the ewes that received the device (grupo GP, n=10) and the ewes that were in physiological state (grupo GF, n=12). In Experiment 2, nine ewes received the same treatment in Experiment 1 and 250UI of eCG on the day of the device removal. Ultrasound exams for follicular development were performed every 12 hours starting on D9 until ovulation. Blood samples were taken every other day from D-1 until D13. In Experiment 1, follicular emergence occurred in 8,5 days ± 16 hours after the vaginal device placement. The ewes started and ended estrus at, respectively, 45,6 ± 12,71h and 72 ± 12,96h after device removal and ovulation was detected in 73 ± 14,38 h. The mean initial follicle diameter was 3,48 ± 0,28 mm and the mean ovulatory follicle diameter was 5,22 ± 0,72 mm, being statistically different (p=0,006) between the first and second ovulatory follicle and between the first follicle of single ovulation (5,77 ± 0,34mm) or double ovulation individuals (4,83 ± 0,18mm) (P=0,003). The follicular growth rate during this period was 0,73 ± 0,43 (mm/day). In Experiment 2, estrus started at 36 ± 6,4h, ended at 81 ± 8,46h with ovulation occurring in 74,3 ± 7,56 h after the vaginal device removal. The mean initial follicle diameter was 4,04 ± 0,78 mm and the mean diameter ovulatory follicle was 5,40 ± 0,59 mm, differing statistically between the first follicle of single ovulation individuals (5,91± 0,27mm) or double ovulation individuals (5,2 ± 0,22mm) (P=0,007). Follicular growth rate during the period was 0,66 ± 0,43 mm per day. In Experiment 1, Primer-PR® device increased plasmatic progesterone concentration in group GP to 6,56 ± 2,32 ng/mL, whereas physiological group (GF) had 3,8 ± 2,69 ng/mL during the same period. In Experiment 2 plasmatic progesterone concentration throughout the vaginal device use was 11,50 ± 3,11ng/mL. It can be concluded that it was possible to perform ultrasound evaluation of follicular dynamics during the nine day estrus synchronization protocol in Santa Inês ewes and that the new device used was efficient in synchronizing the emergence of ovulatory follicular wave.

The goal of this thesis is to design and implement a library for data synchronization between multiple client's devices in the context of the ecosystem of a single application targeting the iOS, iPadOS or MacOS operating system. The work focuses on the simple integration of the library into existing applications using the Realm database system and on the simple way to connect the user interface with the synchronization process. I solved the chosen problem by designing a synchronization protocol primarily based on log synchronization to distribute changes between the client and the server, implementing a library to monitor changes in the client's database and distribute them to the server, and implementing a server library to integrate received changes and distribute them with help of notifications. The solution provides an easy way to implement data synchronization between multiple devices using custom database server and with the ability to define how to handle new changes of objects presented in the user interface during the synchronization. Created library can be quickly and easily integrated and thus effectively speed up the application development process.

Clock synchronization in a wireless sensor network (WSN) is essential as it provides a consistent and a coherent time frame for all the nodes across the network. Typically, clock synchronization is achieved by message passing using carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) for media access. The nodes try to synchronize with each other, by sending synchronization request messages. If many nodes try to send messages simultaneously, contention-based schemes cannot efficiently avoid collisions which results in message losses and affects the synchronization accuracy. Since the nodes in a WSN have limited energy, it is required that the energy consumed by the clock synchronization protocols is as minimum as possible. This can be achieved by reducing the duration for which the clock synchronization protocols execute. Synchronous clock synchronization protocols in WSNs execute the clock synchronization process at each node, roughly during the same real-time interval, called synchronization phase. The duration when there is no synchronization activity is called the synchronization interval. Synchronization phases are divided into synchronization rounds. The energy consumed by these protocols depends on the duration of the synchronization phase and how frequently the synchronization phase is executed. Hence, to minimize the energy consumption by each node, the duration of synchronization phase should be as small as possible. Due to different drift rates of the clocks, the synchronization phases at different nodes drift apart and special techniques are required to keep them in sync. An existing protocol, called improved weighted-average based clock synchronization (IWICS) uses a pullback technique to achieve this. If a message from (i + 1)th synchronization round is received by a node still executing the ith synchronization round, the receiving node reduces its next synchronization interval to ensure greater overlap in the synchronization rounds. The reduction in overlap is a gradual and continuous phenomenon, and so, it can be detected and dealt with continuously. In this thesis, first, we make use of TDMA-based MAC protocols, instead of CSMA, to deal with the problem of message losses. We discuss the challenges of using TDMA-based MAC protocols for clock synchronization and how to overcome these challenges. Second, The IWICS protocol calculates the virtual drift rate which we use to modify the duration of the synchronization interval so that there is more overlap between the synchronization phases of neighbouring nodes. We refer to this technique as drift rate correction. Finally, we propose a different pullback technique where the pullback detection is carried out in each of the synchronization phase as opposed to the old pullback mechanism where it would be detected only when an out-of-round synchronization message is received. The proposed pullback technique when applied to the current synchronization interval ensures that the synchronization phases, that follow the current synchronization interval, are better synchronized with each other. As a result of this, we are able to reduce the duration of synchronization phases further. The IWICS protocol with all these modifications incorporated is termed as the TIWICS (TDMA-based IWICS) protocol. Simulation and experimental results confirm that the TIWICS protocol performs better in comparison to the existing protocols.