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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

High light stress in photosynthesis: the role of oxidative post-translational modifications in signaling and repair

Kasson, Tina Michelle Dreaden 08 August 2012 (has links)
Oxidative stress is a natural consequence of photosynthetic oxygen evolution and redox enzyme processes. Trp oxidation to N-formylkynurenine (NFK) is a specific, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated reaction. This thesis work describes the identification and functional characterization of NFK in oxygen evolving Photosystem II (PSII). Although proteomics studies have confirmed NFK modifications in many types of proteins, limited knowledge on the biochemical significance exists. In vitro studies in thylakoids and PSII membranes were used to establish a correlation between oxidative stress, NFK formation, and photoinhibition. The in vivo effect of preventing Trp oxidation to NFK was assessed by site-directed mutation in the cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. This work provides insight into the role of NFK in photosynthetic oxygen evolution and photoinhibition. Based on the current knowledge of NFK, ROS, and repair, a new model is described. In this modified model for photoinhibition and repair, NFK plays a role in signaling for turnover of damaged proteins. NFK may play a similar role in replacement of damaged proteins in other systems.
2

Gene overexpression screens to identify limitations on the productivity of cyanobacteria growth

Willi, Tobias January 2020 (has links)
Cyanobacteria are a model organism for photosynthesis and the Calvin cycle, and a promising chassis for 4th generation biofuel production. There are many ongoing efforts to improve the performance of cyanobacteria, in terms of CO2 fixation and production rate of biofuels. One straightforward way to improve CO2 fixation could be to overexpress the genes of limiting enzymes. In this project, we used a high-throughput method to test the overexpression of thousands of genes in cyanobacteria and measure the effect on growth rate. We created barcoded overexpression libraries, consisting of gene fragments from different cyanobacteria strains and transformed them into a model cyanobacterium, Synechocystis PCC 6803. We then cultivated the transformed cyanobacteria libraries and screened for effects of increased gene copy number on both maximum growth rate and robustness of growth under stress conditions. The cell populations were cultivated in a turbidostat, resulting in competitive growth between transformants. The relative abundance of each mutant was estimated using deep sequencing. Fitness scores, for each gene show how expression of that gene affects growth rate. This method, competitive growth and tracking of mutant populations with deep sequencing, is a high throughput method for screening a large proportion of genes from several organism at once, allowing the identification of trans-species effects as well as the effect of single genes on the metabolism of the host cell. / Cyanobakterier är en modellorganism för fotosyntes och Calvin-cykeln och ett lovande chassi för fjärde generationens biobränsleproduktion. Det finns många pågående ansträngningar för att förbättra cyanobakteriens prestanda med avseende på CO2-fixering och produktionshastighet för biobränslen. Ett enkelt sätt att förbättra CO2-fixering kan vara att överuttrycka generna för begränsande enzymer. I detta projekt använde vi en metod med hög kapacitet för att testa överuttryck av tusentals gener i cyanobakterier och mäta effekten på tillväxthastigheten. Vi skapade streckkodade överuttrycksbibliotek, bestående av genfragment från olika arter av cyanobakterier och transformerade in dem i en modellorganism för cyanobakterium, Synechocystis PCC 6803. Vi odlade sedan de transformerade biblioteken och screenade efter effekten av ökade antal genkopior på både maximal tillväxthastighet och robusthet hos tillväxt under stressförhållanden. Cellpopulationerna odlades i en Turbidostat, vilket resulterade i konkurrerande tillväxt mellan transformanter. Den relativa mängden av varje mutant uppskattades med användning av djup sekvensering. "Fitnesspoäng" för varje gen visar hur uttrycket av den genen påverkar tillväxthastigheten. Denna metod, konkurrerande tillväxt och spårning av mutantpopulationer med djup sekvensering, är en metod med hög genomströmning för att screena en stor andel gener från flera organismer samtidigt, vilket möjliggör identifiering av trans-art effekter såväl som effekten av enstaka gener på värdcellens metabolism.

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