Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-11-23T18:36:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo Machado Dias_.pdf: 9738672 bytes, checksum: 93b61d762b320f8c388034ac9d4ea82c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-23T18:36:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo Machado Dias_.pdf: 9738672 bytes, checksum: 93b61d762b320f8c388034ac9d4ea82c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-19 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / PROSUP - Programa de Suporte à Pós-Gradução de Instituições de Ensino Particulares / Este trabalho trata do desenvolvimento e do comissionamento de uma microrrede fotovoltaica de 1680 W pico conectada/isolada com estocagem para gerenciamento e controle de uma carga considerada crítica. Esta microrrede, empregando duas tecnologias de módulos, foi instalada no Laboratório de Energias Renováveis da Unisinos. A microrrede é composta de dois painéis de módulos, um de 1080 W de silício multicristalino, e um de 600 W de silício monocristalino. O primeiro é do sistema conectado à rede e o segundo é do sistema isolado, respectivamente. O sistema de gerenciamento e controle, chamado de supervisório, monitora e controla as duas redes através do sistema de aquisição de dados, que possui como tarefa o armazenamento dos dados em um cartão de memória além de mostrar em tempo real as variáveis envolvidas no processo através de um display de cristal líquido. São feitas análises dos valores de correntes e tensões, tanto alternada quanto contínua, para determinação das potências de entrada e de saída dos equipamentos envolvidos no processo, como também variáveis como temperatura ambiente e do painel FV e irradiância. A proposta deste estudo é demonstrar a disponibilidade do sistema para satisfazer uma carga que pode ser considerada como um processo crítico, a fim de entregar uma potência constante para a carga. Para isto, é necessário que a carga seja comutada entre os sistemas conectado à rede e isolado de acordo com as variáveis analisadas pelo sistema de aquisição de dados. As análises dos dados são divididas em duas partes: sistema FV conectado à rede e sistema isolado. Para cada sistema, foi analisado o comportamento da tensão, corrente e potência dos painéis fotovoltaicos, assim como o comportamento dos inversores e banco de estocagem de energia, considerando dias com céu claro e céu nublado. Para o dia de céu claro analisado, foi injetado na rede da concessionária 5,8 kWh de energia. A eficiência global, ηs deste sistema conectado ficou na ordem de 9 %. O sistema de aquisição de dados e controle da microrrede mostrou-se adequado com o propósito de alimentar a carga em permanência. Sempre que a rede da concessionária é desligada, a carga é automaticamente direcionada para o sistema isolado. Quando o banco de estocagem atinge 50 % de sua capacidade, a carga volta a ser alimentada pelo sistema conectado em paralelo com a rede da concessionária. / This work deals with the development and commissioning of a photovoltaic micro-grid 1680 W connected/alone with storage for management and control of a load considered critical. This micro-grid, employing two PV modules technologies, was installed on Renewable Energy Laboratory at Unisinos. The micro-grid panels is composed of two modules, a 1080 W multicrystalline silicon, and a 600 W of monocrystalline silicon. The first is a grid-connected system and the second is a stand-alone system, respectively. The management and control system, called supervisory, monitors and controls the two systems via data acquisition, which has the task of storing the data on a memory card in addition to showing real-time variables involved in the process through a liquid crystal display. Are made analysis of current values and voltages, AC and DC, to determine the input and output power of the equipment involved in the process, as well as variables such as ambient temperatures and PV module and irradiance. The purpose of this study is to prove availability of the system to meet a load that can be considered as a critical process, in order to maintain a constant power to the load. For this, it is necessary that the load is switched between systems connected to the grid and alone, according to the variables analyzed by the data acquisition system. The analyzes of the data are divided into two parts: PV grid-connected and alone system. For each system, the behavior of tension was analyzed, current and power of the PV panels, as well as the behavior of inverters and power storage bank, considering days with clear skies and overcast sky. For clear sky days analyzed, it was injected into the mains 5.8 kWh of energy. The overall efficiency of this system connected, ηs is 9 %. The data acquisition and control system micro-grid was adequate for the purpose of feeding a remaining charging. Whenever, the mains is switched off, the load is automatically directed to the alone system. When the storage capacity of the database reaches 50%, the load is once again powered by the connected system in parallel with the utility grid.

<div><div><div><p>The process of acquiring the large-scale complex systems is usually characterized with cost and schedule overruns. To investigate the causes of this problem, we may view the acquisition of a complex system in several different time scales. At finer time scales, one may study different stages of the acquisition process from the intricate details of the entire systems engineering process to communication between design teams to how individual designers solve problems. At the largest time scale one may consider the acquisition process as series of actions which are, request for bids, bidding and auctioning, contracting, and finally building and deploying the system, without resolving the fine details that occur within each step. In this work, we study the acquisition processes in multiple scales. First, we develop a game-theoretic model for engineering of the systems in the building and deploying stage. We model the interactions among the systems and subsystem engineers as a principal-agent problem. We develop a one-shot shallow systems engineering process and obtain the optimum transfer functions that best incentivize the subsystem engineers to maximize the expected system-level utility. The core of the principal-agent model is the quality function which maps the effort of the agent to the performance (quality) of the system. Therefore, we build the stochastic quality function by modeling the design process as a sequential decision-making problem. Second, we develop and evaluate a model of the acquisition process that accounts for the strategic behavior of different parties. We cast our model in terms of government-funded projects and assume the following steps. First, the government publishes a request for bids. Then, private firms offer their proposals in a bidding process and the winner bidder enters in a con- tract with the government. The contract describes the system requirements and the corresponding monetary transfers for meeting them. The winner firm devotes effort to deliver a system that fulfills the requirements. This can be assumed as a game that the government plays with the bidder firms. We study how different parameters in the acquisition procedure affect the bidders’ behaviors and therefore, the utility of the government. Using reinforcement learning, we seek to learn the optimal policies of involved actors in this game. In particular, we study how the requirements, contract types such as cost-plus and incentive-based contracts, number of bidders, problem complexity, etc., affect the acquisition procedure. Furthermore, we study the bidding strategy of the private firms and how the contract types affect their strategic behavior.</p></div></div></div>