I present an overview of the tools and methods of gravitational dynamics motivated by a variety of dynamics problems. Particular focus will be given to the development of dynamic phase-space configurations as well as the distribution functions of collisionless systems. Chapter 1 is a short review of the descriptions of a gravitational system examining Poisson's equations, the probability distribution of particles, and some of the most popular model groups before working through the challenges of introducing anisotropy into a model. Chapter 2 covers the work of Barber2014b which looks at the relations between quantities in collisionless systems. Analytical methods are employed to describe a model that can violate the GDSAI, a well-known result connecting the density slope to the velocity anisotropy. We prove that this inequality cannot hold for non-separable systems and discuss the result in the context of stability theorems. Chapter 3 discusses the background for theories of gravity beyond Newton and Einstein. It covers the `dark sector' of modern astrophysics, motivates the development of MOND, and looks at some small examples of these MONDian theories in practice. Chapter 4 discusses how to perform detailed numerical simulations covering code methods for generating initial conditions and simulating them accurately in both Newtonian and MONDian approaches. The chapter ends with a quick look at the future of N-body codes. Chapters 5 and 6 contain work from Barber 2012 and Barber 2014a which look at the recent discovery of an attractor in the phase-space of collisionless systems and present a variety of results to demonstrate the robustness of the feature. Attempts are then made to narrow down the necessary and sufficient conditions for the effect while possible mechanisms are discussed. Finally, the epilogue is a short discussion on how best to communicate scientific ideas to others in a lecturing or small group setting. Particular focus is given to ideas of presentation and the relative importance of formality versus personality.

<p>Osnovni cilj istraživanja jeste da se analizom podataka o distribuciji električne energije u prethodnim periodima defini&scaron;u pravci unapređenja koji se odnose na organizaciju i upravljanje sistemima za distribuciju električne energije i razvoj modela efektivnog sistema za tu distribuciju. Nakon analize podataka, uz kori&scaron;ćenje softverskog paketa Balanced Scorecard, uočena su alarmna područja nad kojima je neophodno odrediti odgovarajuće mjere pobolj&scaron;anja. Primjena razvijenog organizaciono - upravljačkog modela preduzeća koje posluje u oblasti elektrodistributivnog sektora treba da omogući bolje rezultate u poslovanju i distribuciji električne energije u budućem periodu.</p> / <p>The main goal of the research is to analyze the data on the distribution of electricity in previous periods by defining the directions of improvement related to the organization and management of systems for distribution of electricity and the development of the model of the effective system for this distribution. After analyzing the data, using the Balanced Scorecard software package, alarm areas were identified over which it is necessary to determine the appropriate improvement measures. The application of the developed organizational-management model of the company operating in the field of the electricity distribution sector should enable better results in the operation and distribution of electricity in the future.</p>

O conhecimento das características experimentais das faltas de alta impedância é de suma importância para o desenvolvimento de sistemas e equipamentos voltados a detecção eficiente das mesmas em sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica. Este trabalho apresenta um conjunto de estratégias experimentais que visam orientar passo a passo a realização de ensaios de faltas fase-terra com alta impedância, contemplando-se desde os dispositivos de proteção usados na viabilização dos experimentos até os equipamentos de oscilografias utilizados para registrar as grandezas elétricas advindas dessas situações de faltas. São ainda apresentados os resultados obtidos pelos ensaios realizados de queda de condutor energizado (lado fonte) em solo seco, queda de condutor energizado (lado fonte) em brita seca, queda de condutor energizado sobre a cruzeta e queda de condutor energizado (lado carga) em solo seco. / The knowledge of experimental characteristics of high-impedance fault is of highest importance for developing both systems and equipments addressed to its efficient detection in electric power distribution systems. This work presents a set of practical strategies to guide step by step the accomplishment of experiments involving phase-ground faults with high impedance, being also contemplated from protection devices used in the experiments to oscillograph equipments dedicated to register the electric signals produced in those situations. It is still presented the results produced by fault experiments involving drop of energized cable (source side) in dry soil, drop of energized cable (source side) in dry broken stones, drop of energized cable on crossarm and drop of energized cable (load side) in dry soil.

O conhecimento das características experimentais das faltas de alta impedância é de suma importância para o desenvolvimento de sistemas e equipamentos voltados a detecção eficiente das mesmas em sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica. Este trabalho apresenta um conjunto de estratégias experimentais que visam orientar passo a passo a realização de ensaios de faltas fase-terra com alta impedância, contemplando-se desde os dispositivos de proteção usados na viabilização dos experimentos até os equipamentos de oscilografias utilizados para registrar as grandezas elétricas advindas dessas situações de faltas. São ainda apresentados os resultados obtidos pelos ensaios realizados de queda de condutor energizado (lado fonte) em solo seco, queda de condutor energizado (lado fonte) em brita seca, queda de condutor energizado sobre a cruzeta e queda de condutor energizado (lado carga) em solo seco. / The knowledge of experimental characteristics of high-impedance fault is of highest importance for developing both systems and equipments addressed to its efficient detection in electric power distribution systems. This work presents a set of practical strategies to guide step by step the accomplishment of experiments involving phase-ground faults with high impedance, being also contemplated from protection devices used in the experiments to oscillograph equipments dedicated to register the electric signals produced in those situations. It is still presented the results produced by fault experiments involving drop of energized cable (source side) in dry soil, drop of energized cable (source side) in dry broken stones, drop of energized cable on crossarm and drop of energized cable (load side) in dry soil.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-08-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:49:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_ch_me_ilha.pdf: 651441 bytes, checksum: b139e90078b1de276ac99f40362c2bf7 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Neste trabalho apresentam-se o desenvolvimento e a implementação de um algoritmo computacional para o problema de planejamento e projeto de circuitos secundários de distribuição de energia elétrica. O problema é formulado como um modelo de Programação Não Linear Inteiro Misto (PNLIM), e para sua solução propõe-se um algoritmo de Busca Tabu (BT). Esta ferramenta permite determinar e avaliar os custos dos elementos que compõem o sistema de distribuição (reforma e/ou construção de redes secundárias), evidenciando sua robustez e precisão. Os algoritmos de cálculo mecânico e definição de estruturas são baseados em normas técnicas para se determinar os postes e estruturas do sistema sob estudo. Os condutores são especificados pelo algoritmo de fluxo de potência trifásico respeitando as condições topológicas, físicas e ambientais. Toda metodologia de cálculo e projeto utilizada neste problema está de acordo com os Procedimentos de Distribuição do Sistema Elétrico Nacional (PRODIST). Para mostrar a eficiência do modelo proposto e da metodologia de planejamento e projeto desenvolvidos, apresentam-se resultados para dois sistemas reais de distribuição com 76 e 54 barras, respectivamente. / In this work, the development and implementation of a computational algorithm for the planning and design of secondary circuits of power distribution systems problem, is presented. The problem is formulated as a Non-linear Integer Mixed Programming (NLIMP) problem; and for its solutions it is proposed a Tabu Search (TS) algorithm. This tool allows determining and evaluating the cost of elements that are part of the distribution system (upgrade and/or construction of secondary networks), showing its robustness and accuracy. Mechanic calculation algorithms and structure definitions are based on technical norms in order to determine poles and structures of the system under study. Conductors are specified by the three-phase power flow algorithm, satisfying topological, physical and environmental conditions. All the calculation and design methodology used in this problem agrees with the Distribution Procedures of the National Electric System (PRODIST). In order to show the efficiency of the proposed model and the developed planning and design methodology, results for to real-life distribution systems, with 76 and 54 buses, are presented.

Orientador: José Roberto Sanches Mantovani / Banca: Ruben Augusto Romero Lázaro / Banca: Benemar Alencar de Souza / Resumo: Neste trabalho apresentam-se o desenvolvimento e a implementação de um algoritmo computacional para o problema de planejamento e projeto de circuitos secundários de distribuição de energia elétrica. O problema é formulado como um modelo de Programação Não Linear Inteiro Misto (PNLIM), e para sua solução propõe-se um algoritmo de Busca Tabu (BT). Esta ferramenta permite determinar e avaliar os custos dos elementos que compõem o sistema de distribuição (reforma e/ou construção de redes secundárias), evidenciando sua robustez e precisão. Os algoritmos de cálculo mecânico e definição de estruturas são baseados em normas técnicas para se determinar os postes e estruturas do sistema sob estudo. Os condutores são especificados pelo algoritmo de fluxo de potência trifásico respeitando as condições topológicas, físicas e ambientais. Toda metodologia de cálculo e projeto utilizada neste problema está de acordo com os Procedimentos de Distribuição do Sistema Elétrico Nacional (PRODIST). Para mostrar a eficiência do modelo proposto e da metodologia de planejamento e projeto desenvolvidos, apresentam-se resultados para dois sistemas reais de distribuição com 76 e 54 barras, respectivamente. / Abstract: In this work, the development and implementation of a computational algorithm for the planning and design of secondary circuits of power distribution systems problem, is presented. The problem is formulated as a Non-linear Integer Mixed Programming (NLIMP) problem; and for its solutions it is proposed a Tabu Search (TS) algorithm. This tool allows determining and evaluating the cost of elements that are part of the distribution system (upgrade and/or construction of secondary networks), showing its robustness and accuracy. Mechanic calculation algorithms and structure definitions are based on technical norms in order to determine poles and structures of the system under study. Conductors are specified by the three-phase power flow algorithm, satisfying topological, physical and environmental conditions. All the calculation and design methodology used in this problem agrees with the Distribution Procedures of the National Electric System (PRODIST). In order to show the efficiency of the proposed model and the developed planning and design methodology, results for to real-life distribution systems, with 76 and 54 buses, are presented. / Mestre

The work description is to create a system of measures to prevent the spread and the consequent attenuation of sound in air handling systems serving the cleanrooms. The thesis presents a solution to noise attenuation in the investigated area, and in HVAC duct, which uses a commercially available material in the form of sound insulation hoses. In the systém solution is part of the work focuses on the optimal design of terminal elements to distribute air in a clean room. Processing methods utilize theoretical and experimental approach. The experiment comprises a unique analysis of the sound insulation properties of selected products under specific conditions. The data obtained are analyzed and incorporated into the framework of this work created program module for determining the attenuation and noise propagation in an enclosed space. Math and physical dependence are programmed into their own DLL by programming language DELPHI.