The lack of invariance with respect to time reversal (T) of the weak interactions has long been known. However, T violation has yet to be observed from flavor-diagonal sources, where the primary quantities of interest are electric dipole moments (EDMs). Weak T violation gives EDMs that are far too small, but strong T violation via flavor-diagonal sources could give EDMs strong enough to be detected in the near future. It is thus important to understand precisely how various quark-level sources of T violation manifest themselves in hadronic physics.A useful technique for dealing with low-energy phenomena involving nucleons, nuclei, and various mesons, is effective field theory (EFT). The formalism and methodology of EFT are presented, followed by an introduction to the construction of chiral Lagrangians.A motivation for the study of T violation beyond the weak interactions is then given, with brief introductions to the most important sources of T violation.The QCD theta term is looked at using two differentapproaches. First, enforcing vacuum stability at quark level, a series of T-violating interactions ensue. Second, enforcing vacuum stability at hadronic level via field redefinitions, spurious interactions are demonstrated to be avoidable. Both approaches involve a constraining relationship between theta-term T violation and up-down quark-mass-difference isospin violation. The quark chromo-EDMs are shown to be identical to the theta term in their chiral symmetry properties. The quark EDMs and Weinberg operator,conversely, are shown to generate new interactions in addition to those generated by the theta term, differing nucleon EDM contributions in particular.The electric dipole form factor (EDFF) of the nucleon, with a theta term source, is calculated in both leading and subleading orders in chiral perturbation theory, with the momentum dependence at both orders given entirely by contributions from the pion cloud. Theleading result is purely isovector, while an isoscalar result appears in subleading order. The isoscalar EDM is used as a lower-bound estimate of the deuteron EDM. The momentum dependence of the EDFF for small momentum transfer is related to the electromagnetic nucleonSchiff moment, which is computed to subleading order.

The Effective Field Theory formalism is applied to the study of problems in hadronic and nuclear physics. We develop a framework to study the exclusive two-body decays of bottomonium into two charmed mesons and apply it to study the decays of the C-even bottomonia. Using a sequence of effective field theories, we take advantage of the separation between the scales contributing to the decay processes, 2m(b) ≫ m(c) ≫∧(QCD). We prove that, at leading order in the EFT power counting, the decay rate factorizes into the convolution of two perturbative matching coefficients and three non-perturbative matrix elements, one for each hadron. We calculate the relations between the decay rate and non-perturbative bottomonium and D-meson matrix elements at leading order, with next-to-leading log resummation. The phenomenological implications of these relations are discussed. At lower energies, we use Chiral Perturbation Theory and nuclear EFTs to set up a framework for the study of time reversal (T) symmetry in one- and few-nucleon problems. We consider T violation from the QCD θ term and from all the possible dimension 6 operators, expressed in terms of light quarks, gluons and photons, that can be added to the Standard Model Lagrangian. We construct the low energy chiral Lagrangian stemming from different TV sources, and derive the implications for the nucleon Electric Dipole Form Factor and the deuteron T violating electromagnetic Form Factors. Finally, with an eye to applications to nuclei with A ≥ 2, we construct the T violating nucleon-nucleon potential from different sources of T violation.

Résumé indisponible / Résumé indisponible

Les thèmes abordés et développés dans ce manuscrit ont pour objectif de proposer une nouvelle voie pour tester, d'une manière directe, la symétrie de renversement du temps (T) : voie offerte par le LHC grâce à la production copieuse de baryons beaux, spécialement le Λb dont les canaux de désintégration en ΛV(1-) révèleraient l'existence de nouvelles observables impaires par T. L'accent est mis sur l'importance de la polarisation initiale du Λb produit dans les collisions p-p et, surtout, sur celles des résonances intermédiaires issues du Λb. Nous présentons en premier lieu le cadre théorique du travail effectué et en second lieu les différentes voies concernant la recherche directe de la violation de T. Un modèle phénoménologique étudiant la désintégration Λb → Λ J/Ψ a été développé à partir duquel les distributions angulaires ont été calculées. Une étude approfondie de la reconstruction et de la sélection du canal Λb → Λ J/Ψ est exposée ainsi que celle du canal Bd0→ J/Ψ Ks0 ; canal utilisé pour valider la méthode d'extraction du temps de vie du Λb. Sur un autre plan et grâce au démarrage du LHC, une analyse préliminaire des premières données enregistrées par le LHCb a été effectuée ainsi qu'une première mesure prometteuse de la polarisation de l'hypéron Λ. / The topics discussed and developed in this dissertation aim to propose a new way to test, in a direct manner, the symmetry of time reversal (T): an opportunity is offered by the LHC through the copious production of beauty baryons, especially the Λb whose decay channels in ΛV (1-) would reveal the existence of new odd observables under T. The Emphasis is put on the importance of the Λb initial polarization produced in p-p collisions, and especially those of intermediate resonances coming from Λb. We first present the theoretical framework of this work and secondly the different procedures concerning the direct search of T violation. A phenomenological model considering the decay Λb → Λ J/Ψ has been developed, from which angular distributions are computed. A detailed study of the reconstruction and selection of the channel Λb → Λ J/Ψ is exposed as well as that of the channel Bd0 → J/Ψ Ks0 ; channel used to validate the extraction of the Λb lifetime. On another side and due to the start of the LHC, a preliminary analysis of data recorded by the LHCb has been made. A promising first measure of the hyperon Λ polarization was also performed.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal. / Cette thèse est constituée de quatre articles qui ont tous été publiés. Le sujet principal est l’étude d’asymétries de brisure CP/T via les produits triples dans les désintégrations des hadrons contenant un quark b (mésons B ou hypérons Ab) et ce, dans le modèle standard de la physique des particules et au-delà. / This thesis is comprised of four articles, ail of which have been published. The main subject is the study, in and beyond the standard model of particle physics, of CP/T-violation via triple products in decays of hadrons containing a b quark (B mesons or Ab hyperons).