The thesis is defining individual income of partners of business companies subject to tax of personal income eventually to other deductions and providing comprehensive overview of these mandatory deductions according to legal regulations valid for year 2010 including some changes which which will take effect from 1st of January. The subject of my thesis is taxation of partners income - tax residents and non-residents to whom derive incomes from business company which is situated in Czech Republic. The thesis is divided into five chapters. In the first chapter is explained position of individual partners depending on the type of company. In partnerships i.e. co-partnerships, limited partnership and European economic interest grouping, the partners usually participate in business enterprise by their own activities. In capital companies i.e. limited liability companies, joint-stock companies and european companies, the partners are participating through their own property values. In the second chapter is briefly described the tax structure of individual income and its basic elements. The third chapter is description of definition individual incomes of partners and taxation of them. Because of miscellaneous kinds of incomes are used miscellaneous kinds of taxation. It is mainly focused on taxation of...

I decided to devote my thesis to the optimalization of tax burden of income tax {--} the legal tax avoidance. The main aim of this work is to point out legal possibilities how to abate the tax base of the income tax and tax liabilities of natural persons, which enables the curently valid law of income tax, as well as other rules and regulations conditioning taxation. My partial aims are to compare particular variants abating the tax base and the personal income tax, to evaluate the best possibilities and to illustrate their practical solutions on concrete situations. The thesis is divided into three main parts. In the first part I mentioned the main significance of taxes in the budget of the Czech Republic and the incorporation of the personal income tax into the tax system. Next, I tried to clear up the mater of the personal income tax, as for example who a tax-payer is, what the object of the tax is, what belongs to the tax base, what tax rebates and nontaxable parts of the tax base are, how to calculate the tax. It concerns in particular tax-deductible items, re-deduction of property, reserves, the way of financing new property, lump expenses, collective taxation of spouses etc. The last part is focused on presentation and practical solving of problems. I tried to include such examples which concern great number of tax-payers or which are most often used in practice.

1 Abstract To study the effect a change in a tax base has on the corresponding tax revenue is a useful tool to better predict future tax revenues. This property is called a tax revenue elasticity but generally it does not get as much attention as it deserves, and when it does, key points like using data adjusted for the effects of tax reforms or distinguishing between the short-run (instantaneous) and the long-run (equilibrium) elasticity are often omitted. In my thesis, I am the first one to estimate the tax revenue elasticities for Slovakia. I use a unique dataset adjusted for the effects of tax reforms and tax changes to estimate both the short-run and the long-run elasticities for the three tax categories th at account for the majority of each year's tax revenue - Personal Income Tax, Corporate Income Tax and Value Added Tax. I obtain a long-run elasticity of 0.98, 1.28 and 0.94 for the Personal Income Tax, the Corporate Income Tax and the Value Added Tax respectively and a short-run elasticity of 3.51 and 1.93 for the Corporate Income Tax and the Value Added Tax respectively. I do not obtain a significant estimate in the case of the Personal Income Tax. Additionally, I find that it takes more than a year for the elasticity to reach its equilibrium value for all the three tax categories and that there...

Diploma thesis is focused on average effective tax rates of personal income tax. The thesis defines average effective tax rate in its first chapter, and indicates different methods of computation of average effective tax rate. In second chapter, the thesis is focused on average effective tax rates in selected EU countries. These countries are member EU countries, which apply flat personal income tax rate - Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Romania and Slovak Republic. The thesis describes basic characteristics of personal income tax and social insurance in these countries. Further effective tax rates are calculated for employees and sole traders in specific income categories. The thesis compares amounts of tax allowances in its last chapter, and compares the impacts of these allowances on tax liability of taxpayers. In the end, obserevd effective tax rates in selected countries are compared.

This thesis deals with the tax assignment in the Czech Republic. The main aim of the thesis is to evaluate the causes and effects of Act No. 391/215 Coll., which changes the Act on Tax Assignment. The first chapter refers to fiscal federalism and fiscal decentralization, the second chapter is focused on municipalities as territorial self-governing units and the third chapter describes the tax system in the Czech Republic and the development of the tax assignment since 2001. The first part of the practical section of the thesis concerns with an analysis of the development of municipal revenues from personal income tax, which comes from personal income tax returns. The second part of the practical section contains an analysis of the impacts of Act No. 391/215 Coll., which changes the Act on Tax Assignment. The main cause, which led to the amendment, was a gradual reduction of municipal revenues from personal income tax. This reduction happened due to legislative changes. The amendment should have a positive impact on the majority of municipalities.

This theses is about measuring the tax gap in the personal income tax in the Czech Republic. The first chapter deals with the theory of the tax gap, tax evasion and shadow economy. Second chapter describes methods that are used for measuring the shadow economy and the tax gap. The third part analyses the taxation of dependent and independent activity in the Czech Republic. The last, fourth part, estimates the tax gap in the personal income tax in the Czech Republic.

Магистерская диссертация посвящена совершенствованию взимания налога на доходы физических лиц в России. Выпускная квалификационная работа состоит из содержания, введения, трех глав, заключения и списка использованных источников. В первой главе рассмотрены теоретико-методологические основы налогообложения доходов физических лиц, практика зарубежных страх, выделены основные проблемы и направления совершенствования налога на доходы физических лиц. Во второй главе проведен анализ налоговых поступлений по Уральскому федеральному округу и Свердловской области за период 2013-2015 годы. В третьей главе предложены мероприятия по совершенствованию подоходного налогообложения физических лиц. / Master's thesis is devoted to the improvement of the collection of the tax on personal income in Russia. Final qualifying work consists of content, introduction, three chapters, conclusion and list of references. The first chapter describes the theoretical and methodological foundations of the personal income tax, the practice of foreign fear, highlights the main issues and areas of improvement of the tax on personal income. The second Section is devoted to analysis of tax revenues in the Ural Federal District and the Sverdlovsk region for the period 2013-2015 years. In the third chapter of the proposed measures to improve the income taxation of natural persons.

Master's thesis is devoted to improving the taxation of personal income in the Russian Federation. Graduation qualification work consists of an introduction, three chapters, conclusion and a list of sources used. In the first chapter, the main stages of the formation and development of the system of taxation of personal income, the characteristics of personal income tax and its elements, the specifics of its calculation and payment, as well as a comparative analysis of the taxation of personal income in foreign countries. The second chapter analyzes the implementation of the fiscal and distributive (social) functions of the personal income tax in the Russian Federation. The third chapter identifies the main problems of taxation of incomes of individuals in Russia, suggests ways to improve it. / Магистерская диссертация посвящена совершенствованию налогообложения доходов физических лиц в Российской Федерации. Выпускная квалификационная работа состоит из введения, трех глав, заключения и списка использованных источников. В первой главе рассмотрены основные этапы становления и развития системы налогообложения доходов физических лиц, характеристика НДФЛ и его элементов, особенности его исчисления и уплаты, а также проведен сравнительный анализ налогообложения доходов физических лиц в зарубежных странах. Во второй главе проводится анализ реализации фискальной и распределительной (социальной) функций налога на доходы физических лиц в Российской Федерации. В третьей главе выявлены основные проблемы налогообложения доходов физических лиц в России, предложены направления его совершенствования.

Master's thesis is devoted to improving the taxation of personal income in China and Russia. Final qualifying work consists of an introduction, three chapters, conclusion and list of references. The first chapter discusses the theoretical aspects of the taxation of personal income in China and Russia. The second chapter analyzes the existing models of taxation of personal income in China and Russia. The third chapter identifies the main problems of taxation of personal income in the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China, and suggests ways to improve the taxation of personal income. / Магистерская диссертация посвящена совершенствованию налогообложения доходов физических лиц в Китае и в России. Выпускная квалификационная работа состоит из введения, трех глав, заключения и списка использованных источников. В первой главе рассмотрены теоретические аспекты налогообложения доходов физических лиц в Китае и в России. Во второй главе проведён анализ действующих моделей налогообложения доходов физических лиц в Китае и в России. В третьей главе выявлены основные проблемы налогообложения доходов физических лиц в Российской Федерации и в КНР, предложены направления совершенствования налогообложения доходов физических лиц.

Personal Income Taxation in the United States of America on Federal and State Level The main aim of this thesis is to show the complexity of personal income taxation in the United States of America, by explaining the system of taxation and the main changes of the personal income taxation for the last ten years, under the influence of Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act, which was passed in year 2001. The system of this work is divided into four main parts. The role of the first part is to show the history of the taxation which led to the today's personal income taxation system, followed by second part with the explanation of system of the personal income tax of individuals, shown in details with the differentiated statuses of subjects, deductions, progressive tax brackets and tax credit for the taxpayers. The third part shortly describes personal income taxation system in the state of Maryland to show a different layer of the taxation system with its rules. The fourth part reflects the changes of the tax system in the last decade, which were brought by EGTRRA, with its affects on various groups of taxpayers and the effect on the economy of the country. These four parts together should create a picture of the system and its functioning of the personal income taxation in the United States of America.