Tris-2-chloroethyl phosphate (TCEP) is a biorecalcitrant flame retardant and plasticizer. It is a toxic and carcinogenic compound that is frequently detected in wastewater effluents and water bodies, including those used for drinking water, around the world. Due to the incomplete removal of TCEP from current wastewater and drinking water treatment facilities, effective treatment processes must be identified that will remove TCEP from water. This research investigated the effectiveness of Fenton's oxidation for removing TCEP from water. In laboratory scale experiments, batch reactions of aqueous TCEP solutions were conducted at different pH conditions and dosages of H2O2:Fe2+:TCEP molar ratios. Samples were tested at pH values ranging from 2.5 to 4.5 and H2O2:Fe2+:TCEP molar ratios from 5.0:0.5:1 to 200:5.0:1. TCEP concentrations were quantified by solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) followed by gas chromatography (GC). Complete removal of TCEP was achieved at equilibrium conditions with a molar ratio dose of 150:5:1 H2O2:Fe2+:TCEP. The kinetics of TCEP removal were also investigated. Pseudo-first order rate constants for TCEP removal were obtained. The effectiveness of ozonation was also investigated in this research. Batch reactions of aqueous TCEP at different doses of ozone were conducted at pH 7.0 ± 0.1. Ozonation was found to have no effect on the degradation of TCEP.

"Tris-2-chlorethyl phosphate (TCEP) is a flame retardant and plasticizer that has been detected in drinking water sources and wastewater effluents in many countries. TCEP has been proven to be a recalcitrant compound that is also toxic and carcinogenic. The incomplete removal of TCEP in water and wastewater treatment plants necessitates that treatment processes be identified or developed that will completely remove TCEP from waters. Ozonation has been successfully used as an oxidant to degrade many problematic contaminants in water and wastewater. This research examined the effectiveness of ozone and ozone/hydrogen peroxide oxidation for removing TCEP from water. In laboratory experiments, batch reactions of TCEP solutions were conducted in purified water at different pH conditions and O3:H2O2:TCEP doses. The samples were tested at O3:TCEP molar ratios of 6:1, 15:1, and 30:1 and with O3:H2O2:TCEP molar ratios of 6:4.2:1, 15:10.5:1and to 30:21:1 respectively. Solution pHs of 4, 7, and 9 were investigated to cover the typical water and wastewater pH range. The Indigo Method was used to measure the starting ozone concentrations in sample water. TCEP concentrations were quantified by liquid-liquid extraction followed by gas chromatography (GC). Greater than 90% reduction of TCEP was achieved at equilibrium conditions with an O3:H2O2:TCEP molar ratio of 30:21:1 at all pH levels examined. Greater than 80% TCEP removal in diluted wastewater was observed at purified water to wastewater dilution of 4:1. The kinetics of oxidation of TCEP with ozone and ozone/hydrogen peroxide were explored in this research. It was found that the reaction rate constants of TCEP are lower than those of other contaminants typically found in water and wastewater. "

Flame retardants are substances, which addition in various materials (furniture, plastics, electronics equipment, textiles, etc) could save a lot of lives and injuries caused by fires. On the other side, the migration of flame retardants from products during their whole life cycle results in their ubiquitous presence in the environment and reflects negative effects on ecosystems and human health. Global consumption of organophosphate flame retardants (OFR) as alternative substitutes of polybrominated diphenyl ethers has increased sharply in recent years. Studies on the presence and sources of OFR in surface water, ground water, sediments, snow, rainwater, indoor and outdoor air and analyses of OFR in these compartments have also increased in the last decade. In this doctoral thesis an analytical method was developed to determine six OFR (tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(2-chlorisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP), tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCP), tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP), tri(n-butyl) phosphate (TnBP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)) in soil. The method consists of a combination of Twisselmann extraction and solid-phase microextraction (SPME), followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). To develop the method, spiked soils were extracted using a Twisselmann extractor after freeze-drying. The extracts were evaporated to dryness, redissolved, and filtered. A volume of 7 mL was then analysed by SPME, followed by GC-MS. The effects of different parameters on analyte recoveries during sample preparation e.g. solvent for Twisselmann extraction, solvent for redissolving the extract, addition of copper, and filtration of the extract were systematically investigated. Under optimum conditions, 10 g of soil were extracted using toluene, and the extract was redissolved in methanol/water (1:14) and filtered. It was not necessary to add copper. For TnBP, TBEP, TCPP, and TCEP, recoveries ranged from 77.0 % to 89.6 %. Those for TPP and TDCP were much lower, at 31.5 % and 42.0 %, respectively (addition level 22.9-45.8 ng/g). The variability of recoveries under these conditions was between 0.3 and 16.2 % (n = 3). Limits of detection (LOD) were 0.002-3 ng/g. When ultrasonication was used instead of Twisselmann extraction in the developed method, recoveries were three to four times lower (27.4 % to 30.6 %), but the variability of recoveries was below 3 % (n = 3). The method was applied to quantify OFR in soils collected from different sampling locations (urban, semi-urban and rural) in Germany. The results indicated for the first time that atmospheric deposition leads to soil contamination by OFR. Since it has been shown in animal experiments (F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice) that chlorinated OFR were carcinogen and also have negative effects on human health (Matthews et al., 1991, 1993, Johnson, 1999), the further studies were focused on sources of chlorinated OFR. Therefore, the influence of dry and wet deposition processes as a source of chlorinated OFR in soils was systematically investigated. Soil samples were collected in 2010/11 during a period of snow falling to snow melting, a period of rainfall and a dry period. Snow and rainwater samples were also collected from the soil sampling site. Concentrations of TCEP were between 236 and 353 ng/L in snow and 78 and 234 ng/L in rain. TCPP concentrations were between 226 and 284 ng/L in snow and 371 and 385 ng/L in rain. In soil samples, concentrations ranged from 5.07 to 23.48 ng/g dry weight (dwt) for TCEP and 5.66 to 19.82 ng/g dwt for TCPP. Concentrations of TDCP in rainwater and snow samples were rather low (46 and 100 ng/L, respectively); concentrations of TDCP were below the limit of detection in soil samples. Snow melting caused enhanced soil concentrations of TCEP and TCPP. However a greater effect of snow melting was observed for TCEP than for TCPP. No significant correlation between precipitation amounts and soil concentrations was observed for both compounds. The influence of wet deposition to the soil contents of TCEP and TCPP may be covered by volatilisation or by the migration of both compounds to deeper soil zones with seepage water, based on their volatility and high water solubility, respectively. Snow was found to be even a more efficient source of chlorinated OFR in soil than rainwater. During dry weather, the soil concentrations of both compounds seemed to be driven mainly by concentrations in air, which are driven by source emission strengths and photochemical degradation in the atmosphere. Rainwater concentrations of OFR were used to assess air concentrations from the scavenging ratios at equilibrium conditions and the potential for the accumulation of OFR in soil based on the air-soil exchange was estimated. Calculated values of median air concentrations were 0.0034 ng/m3 for TCEP and 0.99 ng/m3 for TCPP. Total OFR specific loads were 3756 ng m-2 day-1 within the first 24 hours and 3028 ng m-2 day-1 within the next 24 h. Fugacity calculations (0.011 to 0.103 for TCPP and 0.005 to 0.073 for TCEP) indicated net deposition from air to soil for both compounds.

No description available.

No description available.

Global consumption of organophosphate esters (OPs), which are used as flame retardants and plasticizers, is rapidly increasing. Their use as additives in diverse applications poses a risk as they may be emitted from the products they are added to and be further transported in the environment. Therefore, the levels, distribution, and possible sources of 15 OPs, some of which are reported to be toxic, were investigated in indoor and outdoor environments. An exposure assessment was performed, and the exposure to OPs via inhalation was examined for five occupational groups. In addition, based on the findings of the studies, the total flow of OPs in Sweden was estimated. In indoor environments, the OPs detected in air and dust varied between the sites, but generally reflected the building materials, furniture etc. used in the premises. A majority of the analysed OPs were detected in all samples, and public buildings tended to have higher levels than domestic buildings. The chlorinated OPs dominated in indoor air and wipe samples from vehicles. They were also abundant in the dust samples. Some occupational groups were significantly more exposed to OPs than others. Aircraft technicians, for example, were exposed to about 500 times more tributyl phosphate than day care centre personnel. Upon domestic and industrial cleaning, OPs are discharged with the wastewater via the sewage system to sewage treatment plants (STPs). Irrespective of the size of the STPs investigated, they had similar levels of OPs in their influents, indicating that products containing OPs are widely used by the communities they serve. In some cases, it was possible to trace elevated levels of individual OPs to specific sources. The OPs were poorly removed from the wastewater, and the chlorinated OPs especially tended to pass through the STPs without being removed or degraded. Thus, levels of OPs in their effluents were also similar, as were the levels in their sludge. Of the total amounts of OPs entering the STPs, 50% was emitted to the recipients via the effluent. Hence, there is room for significant improvement in the treatment processes. Carps living in a pond, receiving STP effluent were found to contain relatively high levels of OPs compared to perch collected in lakes from background locations. Air and road traffic were also identified as sources of OPs: the concentration of total OPs in snow samples decreased with increasing distance from a major road intersection, and OPs were detected in aircraft lubricants and hydraulic fluids and in waste oil from cars and lorries. OPs are emitted from both diffuse and direct sources to the environment and may then be spread by long-range air transport, rivers and streams. This probably explains why OPs were also detected in air and fish from background locations. Finally, OPs are ubiquitous substances in both indoor and outdoor environments. The possibility that prolonged exposure to OPs at the levels found may cause adverse effects, for instance in aqueous organisms, cannot be excluded. For example, the OP levels in snow were of the same magnitude as reported effect concentrations. Similarly, in some premises, indoor exposure to OPs was close to the suggested guideline value. However, since these studies include only a limited number of samples, and data regarding the health and environmental effects of OPs are sparse, no definitive conclusions regarding their possible environmental effects can be drawn. / Den globala konsumtionen av organiska fosfatestrar (OP) för användning som flamskyddsmedel och mjukgörare har ökat kraftigt på senare tid. Det breda användningsområdet för dessa additiv medför en risk att de kan avges från de produkter de är satta till och transporteras vidare ut i miljön. Följaktligen undersöktes källor till, halter av, och fördelning i inom- och utomhusmiljöer av 15 OP, varav en del har toxiska effekter. Vidare har exponering för OP i bl.a bostäder och offentliga byggnader beräknats. Utöver detta undersöktes exponeringen för OP via inandning hos 5 yrkesgrupper. Slutligen användes resultaten för att uppskatta det totala flödet av OP i Sverige. I de olika inomhusmiljöerna uppmättes ett flertal OP i varierande halter i damm och luft, men generellt speglade halterna byggnadsmaterial, möbler etc. som fanns i lokalerna. De offentliga lokalerna tenderade att uppvisa högre halter än privata hus, förmodligen beroende på högre brandskyddskrav. Klorerade OP dominerade i inomhusluft samt i avstrykningsprov från fordon och förekom även i höga halter i damm. Vissa yrkesgrupper var exponerade för betydligt högre halter OP än andra, t.ex. exponerades flygtekniker för upp till 500 ggr högre lufthalter av tributylfosfat jämfört med förskollärare. I samband med våtskurning i inomhusmiljöer (hushåll, industrilokaler, osv.) släpps avsevärda mängder OP ut i avloppet och når till sist reningsverk. Oberoende av storlek på reningsverken var halterna av OP relativt lika, i vardera ingående vatten och slam, vilket indikerar en bred användning av OP i samhället. I vissa fall kunde specifika källor till OP i avloppsvattnet spåras. Exempelvis hade två av reningsverken högre halter av en klorerad OP jämfört med övriga reningsverk. Dessa behandlade vatten från en skumplastfabrik, respektive en fabrik som tillverkar flamskyddad färg. Avskiljningsgraden av OP från avloppsvatten visade sig generellt vara dålig, i synnerhet klorerade OP tenderade att passera genom reningsverken utan att degraderas eller avskiljas från vattnet. Av den mängd OP som nådde reningsverken släpptes 50 % ut till miljön via utflödet. Som ett resultat av detta uppvisade karpar från en damm påverkad av utflödet från ett reningsverk höga halter OP jämfört med abborrar från referenssjöar. Det finns därför anledning att förbättra tekniken på reningsverken. Flyg- och vägtrafik kunde också identifieras som källor till OP i miljön. OP uppmättes i hydrauloljor och smörjmedel för flygplan samt i spillolja från bilar och lastbilar. Vidare minskade totalhalten OP i snöprov med ökat avstånd från en större vägkorsning. OP släpps således ut från både diffusa och direkta källor och kan sedan spridas vidare via luft och vattendrag. Därmed var det inte förvånande att OP även påträffades i luft och fisk från bakgrundslokaler. Avslutningsvis förekommer OP i varierande halter i såväl inom- som utomhusmiljöer. Det kan inte uteslutas att långvarig exponering för de halter av OP som uppmätts skulle kunna orsaka negativa effekter hos t.ex vatten- eller jordlevande organismer. I smälta snöprov från en flygplats uppmättes exempelvis halter av OP i samma storleksordning som rapporterade effektkoncentrationer. Dessutom visade sig den beräknade exponeringen av OP, i några av de provtagna inomhuslokalerna, uppgå till halter nära det föreslagna riktvärdet för OP i Tyskland. Dessa studier inkluderar dock ett begränsat antal prov och provtyper och kunskapen om dessa föreningars miljö- och hälsoeffekter är bristfällig. Därför bedöms underlaget som för litet för att några definitiva slutsatser ska kunna dras angående OPs eventuella effekter på miljön.

¤@¡BRole of 5-thio-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)-capped gold nanoparticles in the sensing of chromium(VI): remover and sensor This study describes a simple, rapid method for sensing Cr(VI) using 5-thio-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) modified gold nanoparticles (TNBA-AuNPs) as a remover for Cr(III) and as a sensor for Cr(VI). We discovered that TNBA-AuNPs were dispersed in the presence of Cr(VI), whereas Cr(III) induced the aggregation of TNBA-AuNPs. Due to this phenomenon, TNBA-AuNPs can be used as a sorbent material for the removal of > 90% Cr(III), without removing Cr(VI). After centrifuging a solution containing Cr(III), Cr(VI), and TNBA-AuNPs, Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were separately present in the precipitate and supernatant. In other words, TNBA-AuNPs are capable of separating a mixture of Cr(III) and Cr(VI). The addition of ascorbic acid to the supernatant resulted in a reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), driving the aggregation of TNBA-AuNPs. The selectivity of this approach is more than 1000-fold for Cr(VI) over other metal ions. The minimum detectable concentration of Cr(VI) was 1 £gM using this approach. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry provided an alternative for the quantification of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) after a mixture of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) had been separated by TNBA-AuNPs. The applicability of this approach was validated through the analysis of Cr(VI) in drinking and tap water. ¤G¡BFluorescent Sensing of Total, Protein-bound, Free, and Oxidized Homocysteine in Plasma through the Combination of Tris(2-carboxyethyl)Phosphine Reduction, Fluorosurfactant-Capped Gold Nanoparticles Extraction, and o-Phthaldialdehyde Derivatization This study reports a simple, selective, and sensitive method for fluorescent detection of total, protein-bound, free, and oxidized homocysteine (HCys) using tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) as a reducing agent, fluorosurfactant-capped gold nanoparticles (FSN-AuNP) as a preconcentrating probe, and o-Phthaldialdehyde (OPA) as a derivatizing agent. TCEP was used to reduce the disulfide bonds of protein-bound and oxidized HCys. FSN-AuNPs were capable of extracting HCys from a complicated complex because the FSN capping layer can stabilize the AuNPs in a high-salt solution and inhibit non-specific adsorption. HCys was selectively derivatized with OPA in the absence of a nucleophile. By taking advantage of these features, the selectivity of the proposed system is greater than 100-fold for HCys and homocystine (HCys-HCys disulfide; diHCys) compared to any aminothiols. The limits of detection (LODs) for HCys and diHCys were 4.4 and 4.6 nM, respectively. Compared to other sensors, the proposed system provides an approximately 3-300-fold improvement in the detection of HCys. Different forms of plasma HCys were determined by varying the order of disulfide reduction with TCEP. The proposed system was successfully applied to determine the total, protein-bound, free, and oxidized HCys in plasma. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed system not only provides the first method for detecting various forms of plasma HCys, but also has the lowest LOD value for HCys when compared to other sensors.

Background: Sperm contain highly compact nuclei, inhibiting DNA extraction using traditional techniques. Current methods extracting sperm DNA involve lengthy lysis and no means of stabilizing DNA, hindering clinical research. Objective: We sought to optimize an efficient method of extracting high quality human sperm DNA. Methods: Sperm from three volunteers were isolated using PureCeption. We tested 1) proteinase K with DNA/RNA Shield, 2) DTT and TCEP as reducing agents, 3) QIAshredder homogenization, and 4) stability of sperm DNA fresh (baseline) or after 4 weeks of storage at 4OC in DNA/RNA Shield using modified Quick-gDNA MiniPrep. DNA was PCR amplified using ALU primers and digested with Hinf1 restriction enzymes. DNA methylation was measured by MassARRAY. Results: DNA concentrations were similar with (30.1+0.28ng/μL, 33.4+0.21ng/μL) and without (28.9+0.00ng/μL, 30.9+0.85ng/μL) proteinase K. Sperm cells were lysed after 1 and 20 minutes with 25mM TCEP and 100mM DTT respectively. TCEP (50mM) produced greater DNA concentrations (17.2+0.50ng/μL, 21.3+0.71ng/μL) than 50mM DTT (12.6+0.28ng/μL, 12.3+0.35ng/μL). Adding QIAshredder to 50mM TCEP increased DNA concentrations (25.9+0.35ng/μL, 21.7+0.49ng/μL versus 18.6+0.99ng/μL, 12.3+0.35ng/μL). At baseline and 4 weeks: 1) DNA concentrations were similar (36.2+2.75 ng/μL, 32.2+1.38ng/μL, 44.3+3.93ng/μL versus 40.0+2.98ng/μL, 37.6+1.38ng/μL, 38.7+3.93ng/μL respectively) and 2) DNA was equally amplified by PCR and digested with restriction enzymes. DNA methylation was similar at baseline and 4 weeks for SNURF (1.43+1.02%, 1.55+0.95%), PEG10 (3.69+0.66%, 4.28+1.52%), and H19 (88.93+3.24%, 91.78+2.00%). Conclusions: We stabilized and isolated high quality DNA from human sperm using 5 minute versus > 2 hour lysis in other methods. Our methods may facilitate efficient clinical research.

Sample preparation as an essential step in mass spectrometry-based analysis, plays a critical role in proteomics studies. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been widely used in protein and peptide sample preparation due to their magnetic properties, biocompatibility, easy synthesis and surface functionalization. MNPs loaded with analyte or analyte modification reagent can be easily separated from the reaction medium by an externally applied magnetic field. The small size of MNPs provides high analyte loading and extraction capacity. Additionally, MNP can be decorated with different functional groups to achieve selective modification or extraction of analyte. In this study we have utilized silica coated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs) for protein and peptide sample preparation. Fluorescence-based methods were utilized for quantitative and qualitative characterization of N-hydrosucccinimidyl (NHS) ester groups on the surface of Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs. Fluorophore Dansylcadaverine was conjugated to NHS ester functional groups. Fluorometric measurement of cleaved dansylcadaveine was employed to determine the number of NHS ester groups per MNPs that was found to be 2.6 × 102 and 3.4 × 103for 20 nm and 100 nm Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPrespectively. The efficiency of labeling native bovine serum albumin (BSA) by NHS ester coated Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs was also explored in terms of maximizing the number of MNPs conjugated per BSA molecule or maximizing the number of BSA molecules conjugated per each MNP. Lysine residues of apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) on the surface of intact human low density lipoprotein (LDL) were labeled by NHS ester modified Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs in aqueous solvents at room temperature. The MNP labeledapoB-100 was treated by SDS to remove lipids and then digested using trypsin. Tryptic peptides were eluted from MNPs by cleaving disulfide linkage between labeled peptides and MNPs. LC-MS/MS analysis found 28 peptides containing labeled lysine residues. These lysine residues should be on the solvent exposed surface of LDL since the large size of MNPs prevents contact of the labeling reagent to those lysines embedded inside the structure of LDL. TCEP- immobilized Fe3O4@SiO2MNPs were fabricated and utilized for reduction of disulfide bonds in bovine pancreas insulin and two different cyclic peptides. Disulfide bonds were efficiently cleaved at room temperature in both organic and aqueous solvents confirmed by LC-MS/MS analysis of reduced/alkylated protein and peptides. Disulfide reduction and alkylation reactions was performed in one step and the reducing agent was simply separated from peptide and protein solution by magnetic separation.

[ES] El cuidado de la salud es un campo en el que la detección precoz de enfermedades está cobrando cada vez más importancia. Hoy en día, profesionales y ciudadanos demandan que las técnicas de diagnóstico sean de alta calidad, tanto para el sistema de sanidad privado como para el público. Cuando se utilizan técnicas de diagnóstico de manera inadecuada, eso puede acarrear bastantes consecuencias, tales como un serio peligro sobre la salud y la sobrecarga técnica y económica de los servicios de salud. Eso es debido a que las técnicas de diagnóstico disponibles hoy en día son demasiado costosas, centralizadas en laboratorios y necesitan profesionales altamente cualificados para poder llevar a cabo dichas tareas, lo que conllevaría una demora en el tiempo, siendo este muchas veces vital para los enfermos. Es muy necesario, por lo tanto, reflexionar sobre la necesidad y emergencia de tales prácticas preventivas, especialmente para enfermedades de alto riesgo como el cáncer, el Alzheimer o la primera causa de muerte en el mundo, las enfermedades cardiovasculares. En este contexto, el objetivo principal del trabajo realizado durante esta Tesis Doctoral es ayudar a superar estos problemas mediante la exploración de la posibilidad de utilizar tecnología fotónica para el desarrollo de sistemas de análisis que puedan ser utilizados para el diagnóstico y pronóstico de las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Este objetivo se ha abordado mediante la combinación de la tecnología nanofotónica, consistiendo en la nanofabricación de las estructuras PBG de sensado que ofrece varios beneficios, como una alta sensibilidad, una extrema reducción de tamaño y un proceso de fabricación compatible con el de la industria microelectrónica, con un método de biofuncionalización obteniendo una capa de bioreconocimiento estable y selectiva mediante el uso de la reacción TEC asistida por luz capaz de proporcionar unas capas de bio-reconocimiento extremadamente finas con una inmovilización espacialmente selectiva. / [CAT] L'atenció a la salut és un camp en què la detecció precoç de malalties està cobrant cada vegada més importància. Hui en dia, professionals i ciutadans demanen que les tècniques de diagnòstic siguin d'alta qualitat, tant per al sistema de sanitat privat com per al públic. Quan s'utilitzen tècniques de diagnòstic de manera inadequada, això pot comportar bastants conseqüències, com ara, un seriós perill sobre la salut i la sobrecàrrega tècnica i econòmica dels serveis de salut. Això és degut al fet que les tècniques de diagnòstic disponibles hui en dia són molt costoses, centralitzades en laboratoris i necessiten professionals altament qualificats per poder realitzar aquestes tasques, lo que comportaria a una demora en el temps que moltes vegades es vital pels malalts. És molt necessari, per tant, reflexionar sobre la necessitat i emergència de tals practiques preventives, especialment per a malalties d'alt risc com el càncer, l'Alzheimer o la primera causa de mort al món, les malalties cardiovasculars. En aquest context, l'objectiu principal del treball realitzat durant aquesta Tesi Doctoral és ajudar a superar aquests problemes mitjançant l'exploració de la possibilitat d'utilitzar tecnologia fotònica per al desenvolupament de sistemes d'anàlisis que puguin ser utilitzats per al diagnòstic i pronòstic de les malalties cardiovasculars. Aquest objectiu s'ha abordat mitjançant la combinació de la tecnologia nanofotònica, consistint en la nanofabricació de les estructures de detecció de PBG fotòniques que ofereix diversos beneficis, com una alta sensibilitat, una extrema reducció de mida i un procés de fabricació compatible amb el de la indústria microelectrònica, amb un mètode de biofuncionalització obtenint una capa de bio-reconeixement estable i selectiva mitjançant l'ús de la reacció TEC assistida per llum capaç de proporcionar unes capes de bioreconeixement extremadament fines amb una immobilització espacialment selectiva. preventives, especialment per a malalties d'alt risc com el càncer, l'Alzheimer o la primera causa de mort al món, les malalties cardiovasculars. En aquest context, l'objectiu principal del treball realitzat durant aquesta Tesi Doctoral és ajudar a superar aquests problemes mitjançant l'exploració de la possibilitat d'utilitzar tecnologia fotònica per al desenvolupament de sistemes d'anàlisis que puguin ser utilitzats per al diagnòstic i pronòstic de les malalties cardiovasculars. Aquest objectiu s'ha abordat mitjançant la combinació de la tecnologia nanofotònica, consistint en la nanofabricació de les estructures de detecció de PBG fotòniques que ofereix diversos beneficis, com una alta sensibilitat, una extrema reducció de mida i un procés de fabricació compatible amb el de la indústria microelectrònica, amb un mètode de biofuncionalització obtenint una capa de bio-reconeixement estable i selectiva mitjançant l'ús de la reacció TEC assistida per llum capaç de proporcionar unes capes de bioreconeixement extremadament fines amb una immobilització espacialment selectiva. / [EN] Healthcare is a field where the early detection of diseases is becoming more and more important. Nowadays, professionals and citizens demand high quality diagnosis techniques offered by both private and public health systems. When the application of diagnostic tests is not adequate, different consequences can be observed such as health hazard and technical and economic overload of health services. This is due to the fact that the diagnostic techniques available are expensive, centralized in laboratories and with the need for highly qualified professionals to carry out these tasks, what can fundamentally lead to delays in time, being critical for the patient's health. It is very necessary, therefore, to reflect on the need and emergency of such preventive practices, especially for high-risk diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer or the first cause of death in the world, the cardiovascular diseases. Within this context, the main objective of the work done during this PhD Thesis is to help on overcoming these problems by exploring the possibility of using photonic technology for the development of analysis devices which might be used for the early diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. This objective has been addressed by combining nanophotonic technology, by the nanofabrication of the photonic PBG sensing structures, which provides several benefits such as a high sensitivity, an extreme size reduction and a fabrication process being compatible with that from the microelectronics industry, with a light-assisted biofunctionalization method forming a stable and selective biorecognition layer using TEC reaction able to provide extremely thin biorecognition layers with a spatially-selective immobilization. / Sabek, J. (2019). Combination of nanophotonic biosensors and light-assisted immobilization procedures for the detection of cardiac biomarkers [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/124821 / TESIS