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Biologické teorie temperamentu / Biological theories of temperamentŘežábková, Marika January 2019 (has links)
The master thesis deals with theories of temperament from the perspective of their linkages with biological essence of man. In theoretical chapters, it is examined how research of temperament has evolved over time, and there are presented the most important biology- oriented theories, ranging from classical antique temperaments, to Pavlov's differentiation of personalities according the reactivity of nervous system, and finally to Eysenck's, Gray's and Cloninger's modern theories of temperament. Empirical research is dedicated to the testing of interdependencies between temperamental questionnaires. 4Elements Inventory test based on an element approach theory and Cloninger's TCI-R test representing biological approach in temperament observation were analyzed on a research sample, and correlation and regression analysis was performed. If we have to assign the most similar dimensions of both tests to each other according to content analysis, we would expect relationships between the Harm Avoidance and Fire (negative), Novelty Seeking and Air, Reward Dependency and Water and Persistence and Earth. The relationship of Novelty seeking and Air (r = 0.73) and negative relationship of Harm Avoidance and Fire (r = -0.74) were confirmed as the strongest relationships. The correlation between Reward...
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Vliv polymorfismů "dopaminových genů" na chování typu novelty seeking / The impact of "dopamine genes" polymorphisms on novelty seeking behaviorPolgar, Martina January 2017 (has links)
This diploma thesis examines the linkage between -141C Ins/Del polymorphism in dopamine receptor D2 gene and novelty seeking behavior (NSB). Novelty seeking is a personality trait characterized as a tendency to seek out various, complex and intense sensations and experiences at the cost of physical, social, legal, and financial risk. It also appears to be related to the onset of young drug use and aggressive behavior. It has been suggested that there is a relatively high occupancy of dopamine receptors in the brain of individuals with this characteristic feature. Generally, dopamine receptors are extensively studied in relation to many psychiatric diseases or personality disorders. Although there are studies focusing on personality traits such as novelty seeking, subjects of their research are mainly dopamine receptors D1, D3 or D4. Very little is known about dopamine receptor D2 and its relation to NSB despite the fact, that DRD2 is the key negative regulator of dopamine action. Currently, determination of occupancy of dopamine D2 receptors in the brain is possible with positron emission tomography (PET). However, using PET in neuropsychological research is not always financially viable. To date, only few studies associated with PET and NSB vs D2 receptors occupancy have appeared in published...
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Salud mental en jóvenes consumidores de cocaína o heroína de BarcelonaHerrero Gascón, Mª Jesús 02 December 2011 (has links)
En nuestro país, los problemas derivados de la epidemia de
consumo de heroína durante los años 80-90 se vieron desplazados
por los derivados del consumo de cocaína. Actualmente, la cocaína
es la segunda sustancia ilegal en cuanto a prevalencia de consumo y
en estos últimos años el consumo de heroína ha empezado a
incrementarse de nuevo. Uno de los principales problemas
asociados al uso de estas sustancias son los trastornos psiquiátricos
comórbidos.
Este trabajo se diseñó para determinar la prevalencia e incidencia de
los trastornos mentales en consumidores de cocaína o heroína y los
factores asociados, así como describir el perfil de personalidad sólo
en el grupo de consumidores de cocaína mediante una escala
dimensional.
El resultado de estos estudios debería servir para diseñar estrategias
de prevención y tratamiento dirigidas a una población joven de
consumidores que no suele acceder a los circuitos sanitarios
habituales a pesar de la gravedad de su estado psicopatológico. / Al nostre país, els problemes derivats de l’epidèmia de consum
d’heroïna durant els anys 80-90 es van veure desplaçats pels
derivats del consum de cocaïna. Actualment, la cocaïna és la segona
substància il•legal pel que fa a prevalença de consum i, aquests
darrers anys, el consum d’heroïna ha començat a augmentar de nou.
Un dels principals problemes associats a l’ús d’aquestes substàncies
són els trastorns psiquiàtrics comòrbids.
Aquest treball es va dissenyar per determinar la prevalença i la
incidència dels trastorns mentals en consumidors de cocaïna o
heroïna i els factors associats, i també per descriure el perfil de
personalitat només en el grup de consumidors de cocaïna mitjançant
una escala dimensional.
El resultat d’aquests estudis hauria de servir per dissenyar
estratègies de prevenció i tractament adreçades a una població jove
de consumidors que habitualment no accedeix als circuits sanitaris
regulars malgrat la gravetat del seu estat psicopatològic.
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