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Design of a Multilevel - TDR Probe for Measuring Soil Water ContentAdelakun, Idris Ademuyiwa 30 November 2012 (has links)
ABSTRACT
The TDR measures soil water content by measuring the travel time of an electromagnetic step pulse through a wave guide embedded in the soil. Damage during insertion and retrieval of the probe makes it unsuitable for repeated use. A multilevel-TDR probe with adequate protection for cable was designed and tested to overcome this problem.
Each section of the multilevel-TDR probe was constructed by embedding a 60 mm centre rod and a 63 mm outer loop in grooves on the outer wall of a 200 mm section of PVC pipe. Fifteen such probes were tested in the laboratory and the field by comparing it with the weighing method. Regression analysis between TDR-ϴv and weighing method-ϴv showed good correlation with an R2 of 0.97 and 0.98 during two laboratory experiments and 0.51 during the field experiment. This multilevel probe is cost effective, reusable and can measure soil water content at different depths.
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Design of a Multilevel - TDR Probe for Measuring Soil Water ContentAdelakun, Idris Ademuyiwa 30 November 2012 (has links)
ABSTRACT
The TDR measures soil water content by measuring the travel time of an electromagnetic step pulse through a wave guide embedded in the soil. Damage during insertion and retrieval of the probe makes it unsuitable for repeated use. A multilevel-TDR probe with adequate protection for cable was designed and tested to overcome this problem.
Each section of the multilevel-TDR probe was constructed by embedding a 60 mm centre rod and a 63 mm outer loop in grooves on the outer wall of a 200 mm section of PVC pipe. Fifteen such probes were tested in the laboratory and the field by comparing it with the weighing method. Regression analysis between TDR-ϴv and weighing method-ϴv showed good correlation with an R2 of 0.97 and 0.98 during two laboratory experiments and 0.51 during the field experiment. This multilevel probe is cost effective, reusable and can measure soil water content at different depths.
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Avaliação de modelos matemáticos para dimensionamento do bulbo molhado na irrigação por gotejamento / Evaluation of mathematical models for wet bulb design in drip irrigationSato, Lucas Massayuki 30 March 2012 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-30 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The increasing current demand of water has caused conflicts between their multiple uses, being the agriculture responsible for the use of the largest portion of this natural resource. In this context, drip irrigation has shown growth in irrigated area due to their potential to achieve high efficiency in water application. Drip irrigation is characterized by the application of small volumes of water at high frequency directly in the root zone of plants, helping to maintain soil moisture near field capacity in a given volume of soil usually called the wet bulb. Knowing the dimensions of the wetted generated to be used in drip irrigation project is of fundamental importance for the proper design and operation of drip irrigation systems. The objective of this study was to test the performance of the mathematical models Schwartzman and Zur Reprinted and HYDRUS-2D in predicting dimensions of wet bulb generated generated by emitters of different flow flow rates. In its first part, held at the experimental field of Taubate University, were collected the dimensions of the wet bulbs generated by drip of 2, 4 and 8 L h-1 in a dystrophic red-yellow. In the second, were simulated the dimensions of wet bulb using Schwartzman and Zur Reprinted and HYDRUS-2D models. Statistical analysis used to evaluate the performance of these models have shown that the model Schwartzman Zur Reproduced predicted the experimental data set with an accuracy of 94%, whereas in the case of model HYDRUS-2D, this accuracy was 85%. It was concluded that the two studied models can adequately estimate the dimensions of the wet bulb, for the studied conditions, highlighting, however, that the model performed better was Schwartzman-Zur Reprinted. / A crescente demanda de água tem originado conflitos entre seus usos múltiplos, sendo a agricultura responsável pela utilização da maior parcela deste recurso natural. Neste quadro, a irrigação por gotejamento tem apresentado crescimento em área irrigada devido a sua potencialidade de obter alta eficiência na aplicação de água. A irrigação por gotejamento é caracterizada pela aplicação de pequenos volumes de água em alta frequência diretamente na zona radicular das plantas, permitindo manter a umidade do solo próxima a sua capacidade de campo em um determinado volume de solo denominado normalmente de bulbo molhado. O conhecimento das dimensões do bulbo molhado gerado pelo gotejador a ser utilizado no projeto de irrigação é de fundamental importância para o correto dimensionamento e operação dos sistemas de irrigação por gotejamento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar o desempenho dos modelos Schwartzman-Zur Reproduzido e HYDRUS-2D na previsão das dimensões dos bulbos molhados gerados por gotejadores de diferentes vazões. Na sua primeira parte, realizada na área experimental da Universidade de Taubaté, foram coletadas as dimensões dos bulbos molhados gerados por gotejadores de 2, 4 e 8 L.h-1 em um Latossolo vermelhoamarelo. Na segunda, foram simuladas as dimensões dos bulbos molhados utilizando-se os modelos matemáticos Schwartzman-Zur Reproduzido e HYDRUS-2D. Os estudos estatísticos utilizados para avaliar o desempenho desses modelos mostraram que o modelo de Schwartzman-Zur Reproduzido ajustou os dados experimentais com precisão de 94%, enquanto que, no caso do modelo HYDRUS-2D, esta precisão foi de 85%. Concluiu-se que os dois modelos estudados podem estimar adequadamente as dimensões do bulbo molhado para as condições estudadas, destacando-se, porém, que o modelo que apresentou melhor desempenho foi o de Schwartzman-Zur Reproduzido.
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