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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

DEVELOPMENT OF SURFACE SENSITIVITY IN SCANNING X-RAY MICROSCOPY AND NEXAFS SPECTROSCOPY OF ORGANOSULPHUR COMPOUNDS

2013 April 1900 (has links)
In this thesis, two objectives related to Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy have been studied. The first objective was to develop surface sensitivity in Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy (STXM) at the Canadian Light Source (CLS) and the Advanced Light Source (ALS). The second objective was to study sulphur 1s NEXAFS spectra of organosulphur compounds relevant to petroleum by experimental and computational methods. Towards the first objective, Total Electron Yield (TEY) detection has been implemented in a STXM microscope, by conventional sample current and single electron counting detection modes. This provides improved surface-sensitive detection, simultaneous with existing bulk-sensitive transmission detection in the STXM microscopes. Both approaches provide improved surface sensitive imaging and spectroscopy, although channeltron-based detection is superior. TEY-STXM provides surface sensitive imaging of ultrathin films such as phase-separated Langmuir-Blodgett monolayer films, phase separated polymer thin films, as well as differentiation of surface and bulk oxides of patterned metal thin films. The challenge for TEY-STXM measurements is the poor vacuum environment in the STXM chamber at the CLS, which greatly impacts the function of the channeltron as well as the rate of the photodeposition. Although the effect of photodeposition can be minimal in bulk spectroscopy of organic samples, it is a challenge in spectroscopy of organic thin films, where the photodeposits can dominate the weak signal originating from the surface. Chapter 4 of this thesis discusses the details of this study along with the challenges encountered in the development of this new TEY-STXM technique. The second goal of my research was the detailed study of sulphur 1s NEXAFS spectra of organosulphur compounds by experimental and computational methods to obtain a complete database of sulphur 1s NEXAFS spectra. The speciation and quantification of sulphur compounds is of great interest in different areas such as fossil fuel studies, biology, geology, and archaeology. Sulphur 1s NEXAFS spectroscopy can be used for speciation and quantification of these compounds. For this purpose a firm understanding of NEXAFS spectra of sulphur compounds is required. Therefore, the sulphur 1s NEXAFS spectra of different sulphur functionalities have been studied including thiols, thioethers, disulphides, sulfoxides, sulfones, and thiophenic compounds in gas and condensed phases. These highly resolved spectra have been further analyzed with the aid of ab initio calculations. The highly resolved experimental spectra showed fine features predicted by calculations. The combination of experiment and calculation has been used to improve assignment of spectroscopic features relevant for the speciation and quantification of sulphur compounds.
2

Etude des propriétés structurelles locales des matériaux magnétorésistifs

Bardelli, Fabrizio 19 December 2006 (has links) (PDF)
L'objectif de cet étude est de donner une caractérisation complète<br />de la structure locale de deux classes de composés : les manganites<br />de lanthane droguées avec du sodium et les doubles perovskites de<br />ferro-molybdène droguées avec du tungstène. Les deux classes se<br />comportent, en général comme de conducteurs dans leur phase<br />ferromagnétique et, suivant variations de température ou de dopage,<br />ils subissent une transition métal-isolant à laquelle il faut<br />associer une transition<br />ferromagnétique-paramagnétique(antiferromagnétique). En effet, il<br />est tout à fait accepté que aussi bien dans les manganites, que dans<br />les perovskites doubles, les propriétés de transport sont<br />influencées d'une façon importante par la structure locale (longueur<br />et angle de liaison) autour des sites clés occupés par des ions<br />magnétiques. Pour cette raison la spectroscopie d'absorption de<br />rayon X, en étant sensible à l'ordre locale autour de l'atome<br />absorbeur, constitue la technique la plus adaptée pour l'étude de<br />ces composés. La structure locale de film fins de manganite droguées<br />avec du sodium a été étudiée en fonction de l'épaisseur des film.<br />Des échantillons de poudre de perovskites double droguées avec<br />tungstène ont été étudiées pour en caractériser la structure locale<br />en fonction du dopage et pour chercher de comprendre la nature de la<br />transition métal-isolant. Il a été nécessaire de développer un<br />détecteur d'électrons. La réalisation de cet instrument s'est révélé<br />un défi du point de vue technique et il a demandé une quantité de<br />travail aussi bien sur la plan pratique que théorique. Les mesures<br />d'absorption de rayon-X ont été effectuées à la ligne de lumière<br />italienne pour la diffraction et l'absorption (GILDA-BM8) à<br />l'Installation Européenne de Rayonnement de Synchrotron (ESRF) de<br />Grenoble (France).

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