This is a study of the trikâya (the so-called "three bodies of the Buddha") doctrine whereby the early Indian Vijnânavâda Buddhists harmonized various beliefs about the Buddha. The most important twentieth-century studies are reviewed, but are found to contain no reliable interpretation of the early doctrine. Therefore, I have undertaken this study to clarify and interpret the trikâya. The main textual source is Asanga's Mahâyânasamgraha, which contains the earliest systematic outline of the Vihnânavâda system. The Buddhological passages have first been translated (from Tibetan and Chinese) in light of the commentaries by Vasubandhu and Asvabhâva. They have then been compared and arranged to expose the general structure of Asanga's trikâya. Why did Asanga introduce the trikâya when other integrative Buddhologies (especially the rupakâya/dharmakâya of the prajnâpâramitâ) were already at hand? A comparison of his application.of the trikâya with the prajnâpâramitâ treatment of similar concerns reveals that the former integrates one idea that the latter does not—that of the Buddhafield. The necessity to include this nascent doctrine appears to have been the main reason for the introduction of the trikâya. In the conclusion, the trikâya has been analyzed further to obtain an abstract Structuralist model exhibiting Asanga's Buddhology in terms acceptable to the non-believer. It is a useful framework within which to study the concept of Buddhahood itself, and its relation to other Vijnanavada dogma. It is also a convenient way to compare the results of modern "".investigations. This model, derived by an extension of Asanga's own search for the implicit pattern behind diverse scriptural statements about Buddhahood, is similar to those used by the anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss. Therefore, various hypotheses were suggested by his writings. The model is a two-dimensional diagram which represents the encounter between Buddha (Svabhâvikakâya—at the top) and Man (Prthagjana—at the bottom). They are, simultaneously, poles of a dialectical tension and uninhabited existential categories. The inhabited region in-.the middle of the diagram is composed of a continuum of three situations along the horizontal axis. Each contains three elements: Buddha, Aspirant and Environment. The actual encounters between Buddha and Aspirant occur in these situations. "They include that of the Neophyte in the world, for whom the Buddha is merely a message; the Sravaka who is approached by a Nirmânakâya ("historical Buddha") who teaches him by pain, and the Bodhisattva who approaches the Sambhogakâya (the god-like figure in a Buddhafield) who matures him through pleasure. In the course of these three, the aspirant undergoes "reorientation," i.e., moves up the vertical axis to become a Buddha who, in turn, reaches out to another aspirant. The remainder "of the Buddhological ideas from the text are placed within this diagram. Finally, the applicability of this model to other Buddhological questions is examined. / Arts, Faculty of / Classical, Near Eastern and Religious Studies, Department of / Graduate

The concept of class has always been central in sociological theory and has generated endless debate. The aim of this dissertation is to explore an issue that I maintain has not received sufficient attention in sociological literature, namely, the competing understandings of class that underpin these debates. In this dissertation I conduct an in-depth analysis of four prominent theorists of class to show that class has been conceptualized in different and often contradictory ways. I focus on four key traditions: classical Marxism, Althusser's structuralism, Laclau's postmodernism, and Bourdieu's constructive or generic structuralism. I raise the question of whether the competing understandings of class in these theoretical traditions indicate a move towards abandoning the notion of class formations in sociological theorizing or whether they signify a movement towards a more complex, sophisticated, and encompasing understanding of class. After a deep-dive into understandings of class in the four traditions I have identified, I conclude by arguing that the latter is the case. That is, I argue that the shifts in the understandings of class represented in the work of Karl Marx, Louis Althusser, Ernesto Laclau and Pierre Bourdieu unveil a path towards a notion of class that can usefully guide and provide much needed coherence to the future discussions of class in sociology. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / The concept of class has always been central to sociological theory and has generated endless debate. The aim of this dissertation is to explore an issue that I maintain has not received sufficient attention in sociological literature, namely, the competing understandings of class that underpin this debate. In this dissertation I conduct an in-depth analysis of four prominent theorists of class to show that class has been conceptualized in different and often contradictory ways. I focus on four key traditions: classical Marxism, Althusser's structuralism, Laclau's postmodernism and Bourdieu's constructive or generic structuralism.

Thesis (M.A.T.)--University of Texas at El Paso, 2008. / Title from title screen. Vita. CD-ROM. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

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Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 112-117). Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1965. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Data drifts naturally occur in data streams due to seasonality, change in data usage, and the data generation process. Concepts modelled via the data streams will also experience such drift. The problem of differentiating concept drift from anomalies is important to identify normal vs abnormal behaviour. Existing techniques achieve poor responsiveness and accuracy towards this differentiation task. We take two approaches to address this problem. First, we extend an existing sliding window algorithm to include multiple windows to model recently seen data stream patterns, and define new parameters to compare the data streams. Second, we study a set of optimisers and tune a Bi-LSTM model parameters to maximize accuracy. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

The purpose of this study was to examine two scaffolding methods on the performance of students in computer-based concept linking and retention of comprehension. After training and practice in concept mapping and CmapTools--a computer-based concept mapping program, 116 undergraduate students were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups to work on a computer-based concept mapping task. Students in the no scaffolding (NS) group did not receive any scaffolding. Students in the linking phrase scaffolding (PS) group received linking words or phrases as scaffolding. Students in the articulation hint scaffolding (AS) group received a hint question as scaffolding, which asked them to elaborate on relationships between concepts in full sentences. Students in the linking phrase and articulation hint scaffolding (PAS) group received both scaffolding while working on the computer-based concept mapping task. One week after the treatment, students took a concept linking posttest, in which they constructed a concept map in CmapTools based on a web-based instruction on the human heart. After another week, they took another posttest on retention of comprehension about the heart. Two 2 X 2 factorial Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were conducted to examine the main effects of linking phrase scaffolding and articulation hint scaffolding and any interaction effect between them on the performance of students in computer-based concept linking and retention of comprehension. The results showed no significant difference in the performance of students in both tests. However, the Pearson's correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between students' performance in computer-based concept linking and retention of comprehension (γ = 0.447, p < 0.01). / Ph. D.

This thesis proposes a solution in which Inertial Measurement Units(IMU) are placed along the thoracic section of the spine and measures the movement and rotation of the spine and subsequently also the back. The proposed solution should be able to help the user reduce the risk of injuries related to posture or lifting. Four IMU sensor devices has been constructed and they communicate with an Arduino Uno by means of I2C. Due to the project being at thesis level the amount of time available is limited and the practical parts of the project are scaled down to creating a basic proof of concept system to test the feasibility of the proposed solution. The proposed system is intended to one day become part of a wireless body area network(WBAN).

published_or_final_version / English Studies / Master / Master of Arts