Three separate characteristics (Static distribution, Earnings Mobility, Earnings Class Transition) of earnings distributions were examined with data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics on male heads of households. Static estimates of earnings inequality were generated using the Gini coefficient, the variance of logarithm and the coefficient of variation measures for the 1969-1983 period. With this sample, it was estimated that inequality was from 19 to 68% higher in 1983 than in 1969. Explanations for this rise in male earnings inequality which were examined include the size of the cohort, the aggregate unemployment rate, the sector of employment and the level of education. After controlling for these effects, the time trend remained positive over this time period. / Earnings mobility was captured in a first-order Markov model of movements across earnings deciles. Fourteen transition matrices were constructed and three scalar measures of mobility were axiomatically defended. All three revealed significantly declining mobility over the 1969-1983 period. / Finally, a hazard model of earnings quintiles was developed to examine the transitions across earnings quintiles in a multi-period model. Corrections were made for censored data and heterogeneity. The least restrictive model revealed positive duration dependence for the four lower earnings quintiles, but negative duration dependence for the highest earnings quintile. Those in this sample in the highest 20th percentile of the earnings distribution are less likely to leave the earnings quintile, the longer they stay in the quintile. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 51-01, Section: A, page: 0253. / Major Professor: David W. Rasmussen. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1989.

The purpose of this dissertation is twofold: first, to investigate determinants of international labor migration to West Germany from a group of twelve countries classified in this study as high income and low income countries; second, to analyze the impact of workers' remittances on the consumption level of two labor sending countries. / For the first objective, this study utilizes the cost-benefit or the push-pull approach to labor migration. The main statistical tools which are used are the cross-sectional heteraskedastic and time wise-autoregressive model (CHTAM) and the multiple regression model. This study demonstrates that economic factors are responsible for flow of international labor migration to West Germany. It has been found that income level is more important as a determinant than industrial output in influencing the flow of labor migration from high income countries group, whereas for low income countries it has been found that industrial output is more important as a determinant than income level in influencing the flow of labor migration from this group of countries. It has also been found that immigration policy as a variable is more effective in reducing the inflow of labor migration to West Germany from low income countries than it is from high income countries. / For the second objective, an extended version of the Keynesian consumption function has been specified to test for the impact of workers' remittances on the consumption level of Morocco and Turkey, both of which are labor sending countries. This study demonstrated that workers' remittances have a positive relationship with the level of consumption and that in countries where the economies are under-developed, remittances may have a long-term development effect. This study concludes with some policy implications and with a few suggestions for future research. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 48-12, Section: A, page: 3170. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1987.

A Research Report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Public Health - Maternal and Child Health Submitted: August 2014 / Introduction: A partograph is a tool that is used to monitor progress of labour, and its correct use and appropriate interpretation can assist in early identification of complications of labour. The aim of this study was to assess if and how the partograph was used at Mulanje District Hospital in Malawi. Methods: This was a retrospective review of records of women who delivered at the Mulanje District hospital from the 1st to the 30th of September, 2010. A total of 360 women’s files were reviewed. Data was collected from the delivery register, theatre register, case files and partograph charts. A Chi-square was used for statistical analysis and a p value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The partographs were available in 93.3% (336/360) of women’s files. Forty eight percent (162/336) of women’s files had partographs with all three sections of labour monitoring documented, but only 10% (16/162) of the partographs had information correctly and completely filled in on each parameter of the three components of the partograph. Forty percent (64/162) of women delivered after crossing the action line, and 67.2% (43/64) who delivered after crossing the action line were referrals, while 32.8% (21/64) were women who came to the hospital in labour. Almost 40.6% (26/64) of women who crossed the action line suffered immediate adverse outcomes. There was no significant difference in maternal outcomes (post partum haemorrhage, ruptured uterus and maternal deaths) and foetal outcomes (low Apgar score of 5/10 or less at 1 minute and 5 minutes, fresh still births and deaths within 24 hours) between women that were from the primary care health centres and those that reported to the hospital in labour. The study found that 57.8% (37/64) of women who crossed the action line had spontaneous vertex delivery, almost 38% (24/64) delivered by caesarean section and 4.7% (3/64) delivered by assisted vacuum extraction. There was a significant difference in mode of delivery after v crossing the action line. More caesarean sections were performed on women from the primary care health centres as compared to those that came to the hospital in labour: 44.2% (19/43) vs 23.8% (5/21), p=0.049. Conclusion and Recommendation: Although partographs were available in women’s files, the partograph data were not completed adequately. While progress of labour was frequently documented, maternal and foetal condition were incompletely documented. Effective interventions such as in-service training, regular supportive supervision, regular audits of records of women in labour and intensification of use of guidelines for labour management are required to strengthen the use of the partograph for women in labour. Further research is recommended to highlight barriers for correct use of the partograph

No description available.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Toronto (Canada), 1997. / Adviser: Timothy Brook. Includes bibliographical references.

<p>The rigorous economic analysis of peer group formation is a burgeoning subject. Much has been written about how peers influence an individual's behavior, and these effects are quite prevalent. However, less has been written on how exactly these peer groups begin and the resulting consequences of their formation. A reason for the dearth of knowledge on peer group formation is the lack of quality data sets that clearly define one's peers. To resolve this issue, the first chapter of this document explores data which allows a peer group to be defined openly through self nominations. Using these nominations as well as characteristics of the students and their friends, it is possible to see on what dimensions these individuals are sorting into friendships. The data suggests that there is heavy sorting within race and academic ability. Additionally, tests for statistical discrimination on race and academics show that it is exhibited towards blacks and Hispanics. There is also weak evidence of statistical discrimination against whites. Empirical analysis also shows that the degree of statistical discrimination decreases for blacks and Hispanics over a year; however, there is little change for whites over the same period. This result suggests a process of learning about a noisy signal on academic characteristics. Once a peer group is formed, however, the effects of the peer group become much more interesting. The second chapter of this document attempts to find an effect of having friends of a similar race and who are involved in similar activities. Using a strategy that corrects for the endogeneity of peer effects by instrumenting using variables at the ``grade within school'' level, it is shown that friendship diversity can help whites increase achievement. Although not much significance was found with other races, most of the strategies pushed towards the direction of racial diversity aiding achievement. Regarding extracurricular activities, it is found that there is a benefit in having friends in common individual academic activities, conditional on the respondent only belonging to academic or scholastic clubs. There are insignificant effects in having friends in common sports, conditional on the respondent only participating in sports. Potential future work for both chapters can include models describing the benefit of having various friends and the probability of forming those friendships, which can be used to simulate redistribution policies.</p> / Dissertation

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University. Without thesis note.

Thesis--PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references.

"Este estudio fué presentado como tesis do doctorado en la Sección de Historia de la Universidad de Oviedo." / "Apendice documental": p. [243]-280. "Fuentes y bibliografía": 235-241.