published_or_final_version / abstract / Ecology and Biodiversity / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

The compilation, collection, analysis, and simulation of UPRP streamflow and water-quality information were undertaken in order to assess the expected levels and variability of the quantity and quality of the surface waters in relation to the meteorology and hydrology of the area--the intended objectives of the project--and the modes of system operation. Under the two major phases of the study, important aspects which were examined were the availability and adequacy of the data base, and the applicability of modeling schemes to simulate the observed properties of the data. The major objective in the operational hydrology phase was to test the applicability of operational hydrology in a tropical environment. A stochastic model was fitted to the streamflow data of the extended UPRP inflows in order to serve as a generator of synthetic monthly streamflows which are used as inputs to operational studies of the project. As an initial requirement, the historical record was augmented by means of regional estimation techniques and a statistical data augmentation scheme. The percent deviation method of data augmentation was selected and applied, based on the results of a comparison of four augmentation methods. Two normalizing transformations were applied on the augmented-historical data in order to express them as statistical variables amenable to synthesis. These were the logarithmic transformation and Harter's table interpolation scheme. A time series analysis applied on the normalized data prescribed the adoption of the separate-monthly Matalas model for synthesis. The application of the model yielded synthetic streamflows which satisfactorily reproduced the correlation coefficients, means, and standard deviations of the augmentedhistorical monthly flows. Model extensions and refinements were recommended in order to surmount model limitations. In general, the applicability of operational hydrology in a tropical environment has been demonstrated. The quality of the UPRP surface water was characterized in order to provide background information which is essential in determining the suitability of the water for fishery development in the reservoir, for irrigation, and for domestic and industrial use. The Pantabangan reservoir was characterized in terms of observed patterns of temperature, dissolved oxygen, and salinity. An annual cycle was observed which exhibits intermittently disturbed and moderate stratification in the wet season, full circulation and isothermal condition during the cool, windy, and dry months, and a short warm period favorable to stratification prior to the heavy rains. Atmospheric reaeration was identified to be the major contributor of dissolved oxygen to the reservoir water. The application of the Markofsky-Harleman predictive model for reservoir temperature and dissolved oxygen emphasized the need for substantial data on the hydrology, meteorology, hydrodynamics, and water quality in the reservoir which are required as model inputs. The best agreement between observed and predicted temperature and DO was obtained for cool, windy, and dry months of December to February. Limitations in the input data and in the assumed parameters were observed. The available and collected water-quality data in the reservoir and streams of the UPRP indicated a salinity level as low as or less than 100 ppm in the headwaters to as high as 300 ppm in the outflows from the irrigation service area. The surface water is essentially the alkaline-bicarbonate type. The heavy runoff during the wet season produces a dilution of the TDS, but causes the conveyance of considerable amounts of sediment to the reservoir and river channels. An approximate salt balance for the project area yielded estimates of net amounts of salts leached from the area per season.

Photocopy of typescript. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Selected Philippine high schools have decided to implement a blended learning program as part of its solution to address the problem of classroom shortage. This study investigated the differences between how teachers teach online and in face to face environments. It also looked into the policies needed to be in place if pedagogical change is expected in schools. This study employed a mixed methods research, where the qualitative data set was used to deepen survey results. A survey was designed to find out the learning activities implemented in F2F and online environments, teachers’ pedagogical beliefs and perception of pedagogical change. The survey was conducted to all eleven blended learning teachers of one school. Survey results showed that F2F activities were more student-centered than activities in the online environment. Furthermore, majority of the teachers believed that shifting to blended learning changed the way they teach. The second phase of the study involved observations of classes of four teachers in three learning environments: online, F2F and regular classes. The four teachers, the ICT coordinator and the school principal were also interviewed about their beliefs on teaching and learning, the role of technology in schools and their experience of blended learning from both the pedagogical and policy perspectives. Findings indicate that teachers leaning towards instructivist-behavioral orientations will most likely implement the same strategies in blended learning environments. They tend to view pedagogical change as being influenced by the national curriculum and student characteristics. Teachers with constructivist-cognitive perspectives implement more student-centered strategies online and viewed pedagogical change as a change in teacher roles. The availability of technology infrastructure, frequency and duration of blended learning classes were also found to be external drivers of pedagogy. From the perspective of policy, a shared vision, the national curriculum, the roles of program implementers and teacher support all influence the implementation of the blended learning program. The study recommended a review of the scheduling scheme, the practice of team teaching and training on collaborative technologies for both teachers and students. From the policy perspective, a program framework, a blended learning curriculum and evaluation standards for blended learning teachers were identified as critical support mechanisms for successful program implementation. This study argued that the introduction of technology and blended learning programs in schools should go beyond addressing the problem of classroom shortage and achievement test results. It questioned the government’s vision of educational reform and recommended a change in its perception of the role of technology in education. A change in vision, curriculum, assessments and work practices were found to be essential elements that enable lasting educational reform. / published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Science in Information Technology in Education

Introduction A future healthy world is highly associated with the children and their mothers, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) prioritize the child and maternal health with the targets “the under-five mortality rate should be reduced by two thirds from 1990 to 2015”. A transform program in the Philippines, launched by a NGO, aims to change the life of ultra-poor, and the interventions’ impact was measured in this study. Method The study selected participants who had completed the surveys in the short term (n=2183) and long term (n=196). The Chi-square test, Cochran-Armitage trend test, and Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) model were applied to examine the hypotheses: (1) the program would have positive impacts on child health, (2) the child mortality is related to the maternal social-demographic factors and health behaviors. In the GEE model, the univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression was used to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR). Result The univariate and multivariate analysis both show the maternal age is closely associated with the child mortality, and the child mortality of older women is higher than the younger in the short term survey (univariate: OR:8.36, 95%CI:4.17-16.77, multivariate: OR: 8.89, 95%CI: 4.27-18.54). In the long term, the results demonstrate that the child mortality of delivering in hospital (OR:0.29, 95%CI:0.11-0.76) and birthing home (OR: 0.46, 95%CI: 0.21-0.98) both lower than home (reference group). Compared to Bacolod, the child mortality rate of Gensan and Koronadal is lower in the short term. We found no difference in other maternal social-demographic factors and health behaviors. During the survey period, the literacy, PhilHealth, institutional delivery, delivery care provider, postnatal home visits, breastfeeding, and child mortality all improved, and the improvements of PhilHealth, postnatal home visits, breastfeeding were statistically significant. Conclusion The findings suggest that the program needs to constantly deliver more community-based interventions, such as: institutional delivery, skilled birth attendance, postnatal care, which would transform the children health of ultra poverty in the long run. / published_or_final_version / Public Health / Master / Master of Public Health

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Politics and Public Administration / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

No description available.

No description available.

Photocopy of typescript. / "History and culture of the Maguindanao": leaves 266-313. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1977. / Microfiche. / ix, 332 leaves ill., maps

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1990. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-133) / Microfiche. / xvi, 133 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm