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PREVALENCE OF SENSORY INTEGRATIVE DYSFUNCTION IN THE CHILDHOOD CANCER POPULATIONRencken, Gina 04 October 2011 (has links)
Results from assessment on the SIPT and sensory profile were discussed with
reference to earlier studies and available literature on long term effects of
childhood cancer treatment and literature on sensory processing
disorders.
SIPT SD scores in domains of function, as determined by the grouping of
SIPT tests were discussed. The scores obtained by members of the study population receiving chemotherapy documented in previous studies and
the literature review was discussed in each domain of function.
The prevalence of members of the study population in each SIPT
diagnostic group was discussed, with the most prevalent disorders being
visuo- and somatodyspraxia and generalised sensory integrative disorder.
No conclusive results were obtained in analysis of scores in partial patterns
of sensory processing disorders.
Behavioural observations made in testing were indicative of difficulties
with modulation of sensory information, specifically in the tactile sense,
and inability to cope with demands of testing.
Clinical observations made indicate inadequate vestibular and
proprioceptive processing, and the possible functional implication of this is
discussed.
The hand function, bilateral hand skill test performance and observations
made in the behaviour and test scores of members of the study
population receiving chemotherapy through peripheral lines is discussed.
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JOB SATISFACTION OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS IN THE PUBLIC HEALTH SECTOR, FREE STATE PROVINCESwanepoel, Juanita Millicent 04 October 2011 (has links)
The aim of this study was to investigate the job satisfaction status of
occupational therapists in the Public Health Sector (PHS) of the Free State
(FS). For the purpose of this study, job satisfaction referred to the occupational
therapistâs perception of the fulfillment and gratification experienced while doing
their work within the context of the PHS.
A scientific inquiry was instigated to assess and address the job satisfaction of
occupational therapists in the PHS of which the researcher, at the time of the
study, was part. Employees of the PHS at that time seemed to suffer from low
morale and the frequency with which occupational therapists became
disillusioned with either the profession or the PHS was worrisome.
The investigation was conducted by making use of multiple research methods
namely questionnaires for the quantitative typical descriptive study design and
semi-structured interviews for the qualitative phenomenological study design.
Electronic self-administrative questionnaires were distributed to all the
occupational therapists in the service of the Free State Department of Health in
November 2008. Thirty-five (n=35) questionnaires were used for the analysis of
quantitative data. In augmentation to this base-line data gathered, semistructured
interviews with an opening question and an interview schedule were
conducted among fifteen occupational therapists practicing in the PHS of the FS
between November and December 2008.
The thirty-five respondents in the quantitative investigation, as well as the
sixteen participants in the semi-structured interviews, represented a largely
homogenous group of white, Afrikaans-speaking females on senior, chief and
assistant manager level. Community service occupational therapists who had
already completed at least six monthsâ tenure were also included. Only
occupational therapists directly involved in clinical services were eligible to
participate in the study. The results of the study showed that the occupational therapists in the PHS of
the FS experienced low levels of job satisfaction. This was found to be in
contrast with most other studies conducted on the job satisfaction of
occupational therapists in other parts of the world.
This disparity was clarified when the contextual factors of the PHS such as;
inadequate resources, excessive red-tape, poor management and an
undesirable working environment were configured. The results and findings
showed that the afore-mentioned facets were sources of dissatisfaction for the
participants and consequently increased their job dissatisfaction. More so
however, the main causes of the occupational therapists dissatisfaction were;
the low status of occupational therapy as a profession and poor salary.
Inadequate career-paths and disillusionment with the current performance
appraisal system of the PHS added to further dissatisfaction for the participants
in this study.
The main source of the occupational therapistsâ satisfaction with the job was
that of âworking with people, making a difference and experiencing success with
clientsâ. Secondary facets of satisfaction were the relationships colleagues had
with each other, inherent characteristics of the profession such as autonomy,
creativity, diversity and to a lesser degree some advantages to working in the
PHS such as fringe benefits and job/income security.
In conclusion it was found that the job satisfaction status of the occupational
therapists in the PHS of the FS was low. This was mainly due to the influence
of contextual factors and not with regards to profession itself. As was the last
objective of the study, extensive recommendations were made to redress the
balance between job satisfaction and dissatisfaction for this population.
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ARBEIDSTERAPIE EN DIE GEBRUIK VAN MUSIEKTEMPO IN BEHANDELING: DIE EFFEK OP DIE GEESTESGESONDHEIDSVERBRUIKER MET PSIGOSEStrauss, Monique 04 October 2011 (has links)
The mental health care user (MHCU) with psychosis presents with
various restrictions in his/her occupational performance components
(OPCâs) and occupational performance areas (OPAâs). Restricted
motivation, inappropriate affect and sensory-motor problems,
together with poor cognition, cause inability in directedness towards
activity that leads to poor execution of tasks (Reed, 2001:821-823).
These restrictions in OPCâs lead to restrictions in OPAâs, and therefore
negatively affect the MHCUâs occupation. This negative effect
compromises the promotion of Occupational Therapy goals with this
population, as well as integration in the community and prognosis
(Sue, Sue & Sue, 2006:421). In the field of psychiatry, music is used
by music therapists to treat psychiatric illnesses.
The effect of slow versus fast tempo music, together with activity,
during Occupational Therapy treatment of the MHCU with psychosis
was investigated by using a quantitative, experimental study design.
The focus was specifically on MHCUâs with agitated symptoms versus MHCUâs with inhibited symptoms during the psychotic phase. The
Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the
Free State, approved the study (ETOVS 23/9). Data was collected
between October 2009 and September 2010 at the Free State
Psychiatric Hospital (FSPC).
Hundred and sixty (160) MHCUâs with psychosis, admitted in block A
and C of FSPC, participated in the study. The median ages of the
study population varied between 27.5 and 30.5 years in the four
groups and 72.0% of the participants were male.
The participants were included in the study after being evaluated by
the inclusion criteria checklist. The MHCUâs were divided into two
experimental groups by a process of randomisation. The groups did
not contain more that four members and agitated, as well as inhibited
MHCUâs could be included in one group. The activity participation of
the MHCUâs, in terms of attention, following of instructions,
directedness towards activity and willingness to participate, as well as
behavior was evaluated by three evaluators by means of a pretest,
composed by the researcher. Thereafter the two groups were
exposed to either fast or slow tempo music, during Occupational
Therapy intervention (creative leatherwork activity). The post test,
evaluating the same components and behavior, followed and was
administered by the same evaluators. The blood pressure and pulse
rate of each participant were also measured and noted during the
execution of the group. Results were analysed and presented in four
groups. Department of Biostatistics, University of the Free State,
analysed the data of the study.
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PERFORMANCE SKILLS OF GRADE 1 LEARNERS: EDUCATORSâ KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDEVermaas, Susanna Helena 19 October 2011 (has links)
South African childrenâs performance in reading, numeracy and writing performance is well below expected levels. In the Quality Improvement, Development, Support and Upliftment Programme Baseline Study (QIDS-UP) conducted in the Free State in March 2008, the results for the Grade 3s in respect of literacy and numeracy were 43,32% and 38,24% respectively. There are a myriad of reasons why learners are unable to read and write, among which educatorsâ knowledge and attitudes could be contributing factors.
A significant conceptual change to the Inclusive Education System is the early identification of learners with barriers, such as developmental delays, and the subsequent support of such learners. Developmental delays can become evident in writing, numeracy and reading deficits in scholastic tasks. Occupational therapists do not remediate the reading or writing delays, but assess a child to determine the underlying performance skills delays that cause the scholastic problem. Currently, there is only one occupational therapist working for the Free State Department of Education at the district level. An effective means of delivering occupational therapy services within this particular context would be to empower educators to identify, manage and support learners who demonstrate poor performance skills. This research attempted to determine educatorsâ knowledge and attitudes regarding the age-appropriate performance skills of a typical Grade 1 learner.
This was a cross-sectional study involving a stratified, randomly selected sample of 48 of the 257 schools in the Motheo District. All the Grade 1 educators at the selected schools were requested to complete a questionnaire designed by the researcher. The questionnaire was developed by considering the age-appropriate performance skills that underlie the scholastic skills of a Grade 1 learner and further by extracting the associated Grade 1 outcomes from the National Curriculum Statement with which educators are familiar. This research focused on the following components: gross-motor, fine-motor and cognitive skills. Educatorsâ attitudes regarding behavioural, cognitive and affective aspects were determined.
The sample comprised 117 educators of whom 47,3% had completed their training more than 20 years before. Only 18,8% had a four-year qualification, the minimum requirement for educators. The mean age of the participants was 46,6 years. The mean for Grade 1 teaching experience was 88 months, while the median for Foundation Phase teaching experience was 16,6 years. The mean number of learners per class was 42 (ranging between 21 and 67).
The medians of the total correct scores for knowledge regarding gross-motor skills, fine-motor skills and cognitive skills were 25,0%, 25% and 28,6% respectively. There were 2,6% who could not answer any questions correctly and 91,5 % of the educators scored below 46,7% on the composite knowledge score. The highest score (66,7%) was obtained by 2,6% of the educators.
Educators were found to have a generally positive attitude in respect of support to learners experiencing performance-skills delays (mean = 80,0%). Relationships were determined between training, experience, knowledge and attitude. It was evident that as the number of years of training increased, so attitude improved (p=0.0321). No relationship was apparent between training and knowledge, nor between experience and knowledge or attitude.
The poor scores for the identification of motor and cognitive skills could indicate that educators will not be able to identify learners with barriers in their classes. The exceptionally positive attitudes found among educators could have resulted from this lack of knowledge, which, in turn, led to skewed perceptions regarding the demands of teaching learners with barriers and developmental delays.
These findings will guide the researcher to develop educator-friendly and purposeful training that will empower educators to identify and support learners who present with delays in development. The important role that the occupational therapist at the district level should play in supporting educators and learners to embrace inclusive practices was also emphasised.
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SUBSTANSMISBRUIKERS SE SENSORIESE PROSESSERING, WOEDE-ERVARINGE EN âGEDRAGCrous, Denisé 19 November 2010 (has links)
Various patients with mental health disorders display problematic
anger experiences and anger behaviour (DiGuiseppe & Tafrate,
2007:9). Many people with high anger tendencies appear to abuse
substances on regular basis (Tafrate et al., 2002:1585). It seems as if
the sensory processing patterns of substance abusers are clinically
significant (Quadling et al., 1999:12). Sensory processing is reflected
in peopleâs moods, temperament and ways in which they organise their
lives (Dunn, 2001:609).
Relationships between sensory processing, anger experiences and
anger behaviour were investigated in substance abusers, using a
quantitative cross-sectional research design. The Ethics Committee of
the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, approved
the study. (ETOVS nr. 133/08). Data was collected between 1 October
2008 en 29 May 2009 at Stabilis Treatment Centre and Denmar
Specialist Psychiatric Hospital. The study was piloted at both
institutions and these results were included into the studyâs results.
Eighty four in-patients, with a history of substance abuse, voluntarily
participated in the study. Convenience sampling was used and the
majority of participants spoke Afrikaans (64%), were male (68%) and
had abused alcohol (66%). Participantsâ average age was 36 years
and 6 months.
The participants completed three questionnaires. Questionnaire one
collected demographic information. Participantsâ sensory processing was assessed through completing the Adolescent/Adult Sensory
Profile. The anger questionnaire was compiled, based on indicators
from literature and assessed the intensity of anger experiences in
situations related to sensory processing behaviours and the frequency
of anger behaviour. Anger behaviour was investigated with regards to:
expressing anger verbally, expressing anger physically, withdrawing
from the angering situation, using substances when experiencing
anger, suppressing anger, expressing anger non-verbally and applying
calming strategies. Department Biostatistics, University of the Free
State, analysed the data of the study.
According to the results it appeared as if participantsâ could experience
high intensity levels of anger in situations related to their:
⢠low registration behaviour more than the typical norm, in vestibular,
visual and auditory processing,
⢠sensory sensitive behaviour more than the typical norm, in
vestibular, touch and auditory processing and
⢠sensory avoiding behaviour more than the typical norm in touch
and auditory processing, as well as activities that did not provide for
sensory avoiding behaviours.
The results further indicated that participants with low registration
patterns more than the typical norm of this quadrant, regularly used
substances when they were angry and regularly expressed their anger
verbally and physically. With regards to participants with sensory
avoiding patterns more than the typical norm of this quadrant, results
indicated that they regularly withdrew from angering situations,
suppressed their anger, expressed their anger non-verbally, applied calming strategies and used substances when experiencing anger. A
need for further research was indicated with regards to the
relationships between sensory seeking patterns and anger behaviour.
Ongoing research with regards to adult clinical populationsâ sensory
processing appears to be worthwhile. Occupational therapists should
consider assessing their adult patients, with problematic anger (like
substance abusers), sensory processing and if necessary integrate it
into treatment.
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SENSORY INTEGRATION INTERVENTION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EXTREMELY LOW TO VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT PREMATURE INFANTLecuona, Elise R 05 February 2013 (has links)
This study aimed to investigate the effect of ASI intervention on the development of premature
infants with ELBW to VLBW, within the first 12 months. ASI intervention approach is from the
sensory integration theoretical and practice frame of reference used in occupational therapy. ASI
provides playful meaningful activities aimed at enhancing sensory processing abilities of the brain
and ultimately lead to appropriate adaptive functioning in daily life.
From the literature review it was evident that newborn premature infants are at risk for possible
SI difficulties and developmental delays due to their immature CNS and possible times of medical
instability, discomfort, pain and stress during the first weeks or months after birth. Research on
effective developmental intervention strategies for premature infants is however limited and
previous research related to ASI intervention on the development of the premature infant post
discharge from the NICU could not be found by the researcher. Since SI forms the underlying
foundation for learning and social behavior (Ayers, 2008:7), research in this field is essential for
prevention of developmental delays and learning difficulties of premature infants.
The research proposal for this study was approved by the Ethics Committee, Faculty of Health
Sciences of the University of the Free State (ECUFS no. 117/2011). Permission was obtained from
appropriate authorities to conduct the study at the Occupational Therapy Department of
Universitas Academic Hospital. A pilot study was done to determine the feasibility of the study.
A quantitative research approach was used to determine the effect of ASI intervention on the
development of the ELBW to VLBW premature infant. Through a pre-test/post-test experimental
design, the population of 24 premature infants was randomly divided into an experimental and control group with 12 infants in each group respectively. Infants were matched according to their
corrected ages and gender. Participants had corrected ages between four and 10 months, VLBW
to ELBW, adhered to the inclusion criteria for the study and were referred from the High-Risk
Infant Clinic at Universitas Academic Hospital.
The developmental status of participants was determined with the Bayley III Scales of Infant and
Toddler Development (Bayley, 2006a), Test of Sensory Function in Infants (TSFI) (DeGangi &
Greenspan, 1989) and Infant /Toddler Sensory Profile (Dunn, 2002) before and after a 10 week
ASI intervention period with infants in the experimental group. The results of the Fidelity Measure
indicated that the interventions sessions complied with the requirements for ASI intervention.
The pre- and post-test results were analyzed, interpreted and compared. The anthropometric and
demographic profiles of the infants in both groups indicated that there was no statistical
difference between the two groups except for the time hospitalized which was in favour of the
control group and therefore the researcher was able to make reliable conclusions in terms of the
study results.
This study has found that ASI intervention had a positive effect on the sensory processing and
developmental progress of ELBW to VLBW premature infants especially in terms of cognitive-,
language-, motor- and adaptive behaviour development within a short period of 10 weeks.
Parents showed more interest and a better understanding of the developmental progress and
sensory processing of their infants. This study has therefore provided sufficient evidence that
early intervention in terms of ASI plays a critical role in the intervention approach of the sensory
integration trained occupational therapists, working with premature infants and their parents.
The study results did not only indicate the importance of ASI intervention for better
developmental outcomes for ELBW to VLBW premature infants, but also revealed that a lack of
ASI intervention leads to a deterioration of developmental and behavioural outcomes.
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THE OCCUPATIONS AND SOCIO-CULTURAL CONTEXT OF SESOTHO SPEAKING ADULTS WITH MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMSVermaak, Mia Elsabie 23 August 2012 (has links)
The aim of this study was to explore the occupations and socio-cultural context of the Sesotho speaking adult with mental health problems, attending either of the group therapy programs at The Clinic or The Second Clinic (both psychiatric hospitals in the Free State, South Africa). This exploration was undertaken due to a lack of literature and formal guidance on providing culturally relevant and meaningful therapy to the Sesotho speaking adult with mental health problems. Most sources of literature on occupational therapy in the field of mental health, originates in Western societies, specifically the United States of America and the United Kingdom; and are therefore not directly applicable to practice settings in South Africa. Since the researcher wanted to âunderstandâ more about the daily experiences of the Sesotho speaking adult with mental health problems, a qualitative study of interpretive nature was conducted, with a collective case study as the strategy of inquiry. The first set of data was captured by conducting individual interviews with volunteering Sesotho adults as the sample. These interviews were based on the Kawa Model, a conceptual model of occupational therapy which uses the metaphor of âlife as riverâ. The sample of patients that participated in the individual interviews, consisted of Sesotho speaking adults with mental health problems, admitted to The Clinic by psychiatrists. All participants were permanently employed, in jobs ranging from teaching and policing, to traffic officers and performance managers.
Data collected during the interviews based on the Kawa Model, needed to be supplemented specifically regarded the socio-cultural context of the Sesotho-speaking patient at The Clinic. A focus group interview was then conducted at The Second Clinic, to further explore the themes identified in the interviews. The sample of patients for the focus group at The Second Clinic, was included according to the same selection criteria than with the individual interviews, and the sample was very similar to that of the individual interviews at The Clinic. Data was analyzed by the researcher and two co-coders. The interpretive thematic analysis approach was used to first analyze the transcriptions of individual interviews, and thereafter the focus group interview. Findings elaborated on the occupations and socio-cultural context of participants, as per the aim of the study. Participants were found to experience much stress at work, relating to strained interpersonal relationships. At the same time, their personal finances, family responsibilities and lack of sleep were found to be stressors. Participation in leisure, as well as experiencing work and family as sources of support (in spite of also regarding those as stressors), were regarded as positives in their daily occupational participation. Values that may influence occupational participation, were described as involvement in community and family; having a positive mindset and an active spiritual life. The participantsâ socio-cultural context was described as a context containing habits and âways of doingâ with a strong influence on their occupations and relationships. In conclusion, recommendations towards culturally relevant therapy, were made. These recommendations included suggestions for the content of an occupational therapy program, as well as suggestions for presenting such a program appropriately for the Sesotho speaking person with mental health problems. The limitations of the study were acknowledged and discussed, and recommendations for future research were set out.
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Drawing and multimodality communication training as an effective treatment option for individuals with nonfluent aphasiaChurney, Kristen 07 July 2015 (has links)
<p>Many individuals with nonfluent aphasia experience social isolation and depression as a result of their communication impairments. For these individuals, the use of communicative drawing and other communication modalities may potentially overcome barriers to social isolation. This thesis describes a single case, time series design used to evaluate the effectiveness of a drawing treatment program that simultaneously targets drawing recognizability and the use of drawing outside of the structured therapy tasks for an individual with nonfluent aphasia. Results indicated a general improvement in drawing recognizability and an increase in the use of drawing within conversation. Additionally, these results were maintained 8 weeks following the end of therapy. The author discusses these results in relation to the current body of research in the area of aphasia rehabilitation, as well as possible avenues for future research. </p>
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Some attitudes of mothers toward their speech defective children and existing speech programs in the public schools of IndianaHarker, Walter Ball January 1954 (has links)
There is no abstract available for this thesis.
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Clinical reasoning in three different fields of physiotherapy :Edwards, Ian Unknown Date (has links)
Clinical reasoning refers to the thinking and decision making processes which occur during clinical practice. It has its origins in the study and teaching of problem solving in medicine. A review of the literature of the allied health fields, suggests clinical reasoning is not only a cognitive and diagnostically orientated process but also an interactional one. The aim of this qualitative study, using the grounded theory, case study methodology of Jensen et al (1990 and 1992), was to examine the clinical reasoning strategies of expert physiotherapists working in different physiotherapy settings, namely, manipulative therapy, neurological and domiciliary care areas. The objective was to generate further theory in clinical reasoning in physiotherapy. Two physiotherapists from each of the disciplines above, and who met certain criteria of expertise, were observed over at least two days in the course of their normal work. / Thesis (PhD)--University of South Australia, 2000
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