This thesis analyzes the inherent significance of trade wars in a practical as well as in a theoretical sense. The preliminary intention of the present research is to provide three different understandings of the trade war concept. Firstly, a general understanding of trade wars is introduced, primarily focusing on the technical aspects of the issue and its political and economic dimensions. Secondly, trade wars are viewed in a specific case study context: the Japanese-American commercial relations and their bilateral trade disputes that escalated into trade wars are investigated, focusing on semiconductor and biotechnology industries. Thirdly, the trade wars concept is correlated to Raymond Vernon&amp / #8217 / s Product Cycle theory, introducing the theoretical understanding of trade wars. The combination of these research themes endeavors to establish whether trade wars are primarily fought between successful industrial states over leading strategic core industries, those that are knowledge-intensive, and produce high-value-added products.

During the last decades, the world has become increasingly globalized, leading to an increased interdependence between nations. This development has given rise to an increased vulnerability to turbulence created by external events and made it even harder to find the right strategic fit while managing the trade-offs between global integration and local responsiveness. The purpose of this thesis is, therefore, to understand how external events, namely Trade wars, Brexit and Pandemic affect an MNC's international strategy and how an MNC can adapt its strategy and structure to respond to the turbulent environment. Consequently, this thesis follows a case study-based design which helps to provide an in-depth company view and a strong foundation for the analysis of the strategic considerations made by the case company. The findings show that external events affect the company's capacity to produce, reduces trade opportunities, and prevents the continuous supply. Further, a direct response to the turbulent environment is to adapt the strategy and structure towards an adjusted Regional Strategy, with a focus on interdependence within geographical market clusters. This will create more opportunities to find the integral trade-off between global integration and local responsiveness and consequently respond to the arising regional complexities.

Объем магистерской диссертации 97 страницы основного текста, для иллюстрации использованы 13 таблиц, 9 рисунков. Библиографический список состоит из 83 источника. Актуальность темы магистерской диссертации связана с усилением торгово-экономического сотрудничества между Китаем и Россией, оказавшихся в условиях экономических санкций. Целью исследования является изучение торговли между Китаем и Россией и оценка новых возможностей для ее развития в условиях санкций. В соответствии с целью исследования были поставлены задачи: Изучить теории развития международной торговли и составить методологическую базу исследования; Изучить научную литературу, посвященную международной торговли Китая и России: выявить актуальные направления исследований и сформировать представления об особенностях российско-китайской торговли; Выявить этапы развития двухсторонней российско-китайской торговли и их характеристики; Провести анализ текущего состояния развития российско-китайской торговли; Провести анализ влияние торговых войн на развитие торговли между США и Китаем; Провести анализ конкурентоспособности российско-китайской торговли; Выявить возможности для развития взаимодополняемости в торговле между Китаем и Россией; Провести эмпирическую оценку эффектов российско-китайской торговли; Разработать рекомендации по развитию российско-китайской международной торговли. К научной новизне исследования относится разработка комплекса методов (явный индекс сравнительных преимуществ, анализ экспортного сходства, анализ товарных различий и комплексный индекс китайско-российской торговой взаимодополняемости), позволяющих объективно описать взаимодополняющий и конкурентный статус-кво китайско-российской торговли товарами. Кроме того, для анализа факторов, влияющих на российско-китайскую торговлю, предложена авторская модификация гравитационной модели, включающая в себя новые факторы. Практическая значимость, заключается в разработке предложений, которые помогут решить проблему несбалансированного развития российско-китайской торговли, повысить уровень развития российско-китайской торговли, значительно улучшить и оптимизировать структуру торговли между Россией и Китаем. Внедрение данных рекомендаций будет способствовать улучшению торговых отношений между Китаем и Россией. / The volume of the master's thesis is 97 pages of the main text, 13 tables, 9 figures and the appendix are used to illustrate. The bibliographic list consists of 83 sources. The relevance of the topic of the master's thesis is related to the strengthening of trade and economic cooperation between China and Russia, which found themselves in the conditions of economic sanctions. The purpose of the study is to study trade between China and Russia and assess new opportunities for its development in the face of sanctions. In accordance with the purpose of the study , the following tasks were set: To study the theories of the development of international trade and to make a methodological basis for the study; Study the scientific literature on the international trade of China and Russia: to identify current research directions and form ideas about the peculiarities of Russian-Chinese trade; Identify the stages of development of bilateral Russian-Chinese trade and their characteristics; To analyze the current state of development of Russian-Chinese trade; Analyze the impact of trade wars on the development of trade between the United States and China; To analyze the competitiveness of Russian-Chinese trade; Identify opportunities for the development of complementarity in trade between China and Russia; To conduct an empirical assessment of the effects of Russian-Chinese trade; Develop recommendations for the development of Russian-Chinese international trade. The scientific novelty of the research includes the development of a set of methods (explicit index of comparative advantages, analysis of export similarities, analysis of commodity differences and a comprehensive index of Sino-Russian trade complementarity) that allow objectively describing the complementary and competitive status quo of Sino-Russian trade in goods. In addition, to analyze the factors affecting Russian-Chinese trade, the author's modification of the gravity model, including new factors, is proposed. The practical significance of the research is lies in the development of proposals that will help solve the problem of the unbalanced development of Russian-Chinese trade, increase the level of development of Russian-Chinese trade, significantly improve and optimize the structure of trade between Russia and China. The implementation of these recommendations will contribute to the improvement of trade relations between China and Russia.