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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Total Skin Electron Therapy Using Beam Modifiers

Al-Khatib, Zaid, n/a January 2006 (has links)
The short range of low energy electrons from 2 to 9 MeV has made them useful for the treatment of superficial lesions covering large areas of the body, such as mycosis fungoides and other cutaneous lymphomas. At these electron energies, the beam penetration falls off rapidly beyond a shallow depth. Thus superficial lesions can be treated up to few millimeters without exceeding the tolerance of the bone marrow. The purpose of this project was to study the effect of the beam modifiers on the characteristics of the Varian 2100C 6 MeV beam using high dose rate total skin electron mode (HDTSe). The technique developed in the study was a modified Stanford Technique. In this technique, the patient is treated with dual six fields using + 17.5o angle above and below the horizontal line at 350 cm SSD. The patient is rotated every 60o intervals so that the whole skin surface is covered with the beam. The scattering filter used in the study was two strips of non-exposed developed radiographic films. The filter was mounted on the HDTSe applicator. The dose uniformity within a rectangle of 160 cm x 60 cm was found to be + 3% along the vertical direction and + 4% along the horizontal direction which meets the beam requirements recommended by the AAPM report (23) [61]. The use of the scattering filter has improved the dose uniformity, but it increased the x-ray contamination beyond the 30 mm depth to about 1.5% which makes the technique
2

Projeto e construção de placas espalhadoras e degradadoras de energia para  uso em radioterapia com feixes de elétrons para doenças de pele / Project and construction of energy degrading and scattering plates for electron beam radiotherapy for skin diseases

Fonseca, Gabriel Paiva 24 June 2010 (has links)
Há diversas enfermidades radiossensíveis epidermotrópicas, como a micose fungóide e a síndrome de Sézary, neoplasias cutâneas originadas de linfócitos do tipo T, que apresentam grande possibilidade de erradicação quando tratadas com feixes de elétrons com energia entre 4 e 10 MeV, conforme apontam diversos estudos. No entanto, esta técnica de tratamento apresenta inúmeras dificuldades práticas, pois a doença dissemina-se por todo o corpo do paciente tornando necessário um grande campo de radiação e deposição de energia limitada à profundidade da pele. A fim de obter uma distribuição de dose uniforme, muitas técnicas já foram desenvolvidas. Com base em estudos anteriores e guiados pelo protocolo n. 23 da American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM), o presente trabalho desenvolveu placas espalhadoras e degradadoras de energia e realizou toda a dosimetria (computacional e experimental), a fim de fornecer subsídios para a implementação da técnica de tratamento Total Skin Electron Therapy (TSET) no Serviço de Radioterapia do Hospital das Clínicas de São Paulo. O programa MCNP4C baseado no método de Monte Carlo foi utilizado para reconstruir o espectro energético do acelerador Varian Clinac 2100C, por meio de medidas experimentais de percentual de dose em profundidade (PDP) e perfis radiais de dose. Com estes dados, foi possível efetuar simulações computacionais para a seleção de materiais, mediante análise da distribuição radial e axial de dose, produção de raios-X e a atenuação do feixe, além da simulação de placas espalhadoras e degradadoras de energia, a serem posicionadas na saída do acelerador. Os resultados das simulações foram validados por meio de medidas experimentais a fim de obter um grande campo de radiação com 200 cm x 80 cm que atendesse as especificações do protocolo da AAPM. / There are many radiosensitive epidermotropics diseases such as mycosis fungoids and the syndrome of Sézary, coetaneous neoplasics originated from type T lymphocytes. Several studies indicate the eradication of the disease when treated with linear accelerators emitting electron beams with energies between 4 to 10 MeV. However, this treatment technique presents innumerable technical challenges since the disease in general reaches all patient´s body, becoming necessary not only a very large field size radiation beam, but also deliver superficial doses limited to the skin depth. To reach the uniformity in the dose distribution, many techniques had already been developed. Based on these previous studies and guided by the report n. 23 of the American Association of Physicists in Medi-cine (AAPM), the present study developed an energy scattering and degrading plates and made dosimetry (computational and experimental), supplying subsidies for a future installation of Total Skin Electron Therapy (TSET) at the Serviço de Radioterapia do Hospital das Clínicas de São Paulo. As part of the plates design, first of all, the energy spectrum of the 6 MeV electron beam of the VARIAN 2100C accelerator was reconstructed through Monte Carlo simulations using the MCNP4C code and based on experimental data. Once the spectrum is built, several materials were analyzed for the plates design based on radial and axial dose distribution, production of rays-x and dose attenuation. The simulation results were validated by experimental measurements in order to obtain a large field of radiation with 200 cm x 80 cm that meets the specifications of the AAPM protocol.
3

Projeto e construção de placas espalhadoras e degradadoras de energia para  uso em radioterapia com feixes de elétrons para doenças de pele / Project and construction of energy degrading and scattering plates for electron beam radiotherapy for skin diseases

Gabriel Paiva Fonseca 24 June 2010 (has links)
Há diversas enfermidades radiossensíveis epidermotrópicas, como a micose fungóide e a síndrome de Sézary, neoplasias cutâneas originadas de linfócitos do tipo T, que apresentam grande possibilidade de erradicação quando tratadas com feixes de elétrons com energia entre 4 e 10 MeV, conforme apontam diversos estudos. No entanto, esta técnica de tratamento apresenta inúmeras dificuldades práticas, pois a doença dissemina-se por todo o corpo do paciente tornando necessário um grande campo de radiação e deposição de energia limitada à profundidade da pele. A fim de obter uma distribuição de dose uniforme, muitas técnicas já foram desenvolvidas. Com base em estudos anteriores e guiados pelo protocolo n. 23 da American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM), o presente trabalho desenvolveu placas espalhadoras e degradadoras de energia e realizou toda a dosimetria (computacional e experimental), a fim de fornecer subsídios para a implementação da técnica de tratamento Total Skin Electron Therapy (TSET) no Serviço de Radioterapia do Hospital das Clínicas de São Paulo. O programa MCNP4C baseado no método de Monte Carlo foi utilizado para reconstruir o espectro energético do acelerador Varian Clinac 2100C, por meio de medidas experimentais de percentual de dose em profundidade (PDP) e perfis radiais de dose. Com estes dados, foi possível efetuar simulações computacionais para a seleção de materiais, mediante análise da distribuição radial e axial de dose, produção de raios-X e a atenuação do feixe, além da simulação de placas espalhadoras e degradadoras de energia, a serem posicionadas na saída do acelerador. Os resultados das simulações foram validados por meio de medidas experimentais a fim de obter um grande campo de radiação com 200 cm x 80 cm que atendesse as especificações do protocolo da AAPM. / There are many radiosensitive epidermotropics diseases such as mycosis fungoids and the syndrome of Sézary, coetaneous neoplasics originated from type T lymphocytes. Several studies indicate the eradication of the disease when treated with linear accelerators emitting electron beams with energies between 4 to 10 MeV. However, this treatment technique presents innumerable technical challenges since the disease in general reaches all patient´s body, becoming necessary not only a very large field size radiation beam, but also deliver superficial doses limited to the skin depth. To reach the uniformity in the dose distribution, many techniques had already been developed. Based on these previous studies and guided by the report n. 23 of the American Association of Physicists in Medi-cine (AAPM), the present study developed an energy scattering and degrading plates and made dosimetry (computational and experimental), supplying subsidies for a future installation of Total Skin Electron Therapy (TSET) at the Serviço de Radioterapia do Hospital das Clínicas de São Paulo. As part of the plates design, first of all, the energy spectrum of the 6 MeV electron beam of the VARIAN 2100C accelerator was reconstructed through Monte Carlo simulations using the MCNP4C code and based on experimental data. Once the spectrum is built, several materials were analyzed for the plates design based on radial and axial dose distribution, production of rays-x and dose attenuation. The simulation results were validated by experimental measurements in order to obtain a large field of radiation with 200 cm x 80 cm that meets the specifications of the AAPM protocol.

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