Notre objectif consiste à développer une analyse descriptive et comparative de la manière dont les équipes rédactionnelles de quatre quotidiens nationaux français et de quatre supports médiatiques thaïlandais symétriques, réactivent ou transgressent, face à un évènement unique – le tsunami de 2004 – les contraintes du contrat médiatique propre au genre éditorial. Il s’agit aussi d’examiner les choix stratégiques qui montrent une conception ou une réaction conforme à un positionnement politico-idéologique face à ce drame. Le cadre de recherche se construit selon deux axes d’analyse concernant les dispositifs scénique et énonciatif du corpus. On étudie d’abord la mise en forme et la mise en page des éditoriaux en question, en explicitant en particulier les caractéristiques de leurs titres. Ensuite, on met en évidence la constitution du sujet énonciatif conforme au genre discursif, dans ces deux types ethnolinguistiques de quotidiens. Au terme de cette double analyse, nous pouvons affirmer que les choix stratégiques individualisants des éditorialistes de nos deux communautés discursives manifestent un usage personnel en adéquation pragmatique avec le contexte social et en rapport étroit avec chacun des lectorats visés. / We aim to display a descriptive and contrastive analysis about the ways the redaction teams of four French daily newspapers and four Thai daily newspapers, facing a single event, the 2004 “tsunami”, respect or transgress the contractual constraints peculiar to genre éditorial, and their individualizing choices, in order to show their original identity or reaction towards the tragedy event, in accordance with their political and ideological position. The frame of research was constructed upon the combination of two points of view : the scenic and enunciative devices of the corpus. The first concern was the formatting and the layout of corpus. In addition, we illustrate the characteristic of their headlines. The second, we highlight the constitution of the enunciative subject, in accordance with this genre of discourse, in each ethno-linguistic community. At the end of this double analysis, we can assert the choice of individual strategy of the editorialists of these two discursive communities to show their personal ways and means in accordance with the social context and their readers.

Tsunamis generated by landslides and volcanic island collapses account for some of the most catastrophic events, and the largest recorded wave runup was generated by a supercritical landslide impact in Lituya Bay, Alaska. Unfortunately field data from these types of events is very limited, consisting of rare field measurements of landslide scarp, landslide deposit and tsunami runup, as well as eyewitness accounts. Critically important field data related to the landslide motion and tsunami evolution are lacking. Source and runup scenarios based on real world events are physically modeled in the three- dimensional NEES tsunami wave basin at Oregon State University. A unique pneumatic landslide tsunami generator (LTG) was deployed to simulate landslides with varying geometry and kinematics. The LTG consists of a sliding box filled with up to 1,350 kg of naturally rounded river gravel or cobbles which is accelerated by means of four pneumatic pistons down the 2H: 1V slope, launching the granular landslide towards the water at velocities of up to 6 m/s. Topographical and bathymetric features can greatly affect wave characteristics and runup heights. Landslide generated tsunamis were studied in different topographic and bathymetric configurations: basin-wide propagation and runup, a narrow fjord and curved headland configurations, and a conical island setting simulating landslides off an island or a volcanic flank collapse. Water surface elevations were measured using an array of resistance wave gauges. The granular landslide width, thickness and front velocity were measured using above and underwater cameras. Wave runup was measured with a combination of resistance wave gauges and overlapping video recordings calibrated along the slope. The effects from lateral hill slope curvature are analyzed: the leading wave crest amplitude generated on a planar hill slope is 3% larger on average than the leading wave crest generated on a convex conical hill slope, while the leading wave trough and second wave crest amplitudes are smaller. The fjord scenario traps the wave energy resulting in the average maximum runup being 10% larger than in the curved headland scenario, which allows some wave energy to leak into the open basin. Between 1-24% of the landslide kinetic energy is transferred in to the wave train. Cobble landslides transfer on average 43% more kinetic energy into the wave train than the gravel landslide. Predictive equations for the offshore and laterally propagating wave and runup amplitudes, periods, celerities and lengths are derived, which allow an initial rapid tsunami hazard assessment. Finally, the predictive wave and runup equations are applied to the 2007 field event in Chehalis Lake, Canada.

HumanFinder Enclosure-Radar is the design project consist in this study to achieve  modern specifications and create a realistic product. The purpose of this product is to detect the living human beings buried under the rubble of natural disasters. This project is made in collaboration with a Swedish company called Cinside AB.  This artifact has to be a new product in the market and the goal is to make this concept design ready for going to manufacture and start selling the product in around  6 to12 months, that is the time frame for the manufacture. These products should be selling through international and local retailers. This report has been divided into main parts, this parts are shown in below: Summary, It describes briefly, what the report contains. Introduction, This part includes the Company´s philosophy, it also gives an overview on the project and shows the process how to solve the detected problems. Theoretical background, This section includes a design theory, design thinking, psychological theories, ergonomics, conditions and theories of development. Methods, This part describes the various methods used in the proper project. Approach and implementation, This section describe how the work has been done and descriptors in the design process. Result, This part describes the main solutions achieved as well give idealized visions about the future of HumanFinder, showing as the same time the main features that created through the design process to reach the successful  result. Conclusion and Discussion, This part includes an analysis of the result achieved and how the work continued.

This thesis uses numerical simulations to assess the most suitable model type for simulating dispersive and non dispersive tsunami wave propagation over a range of bathymetries. These simulations are presented in two parts. The first part highlights differences between results as predicted by a fully nonlinear Boussinesq model (with its ability to predict dispersion) and a non dispersive, linear or weakly nonlinear model, for simulations of a dispersive wave incident at various idealized bathymetric features. The second part determines the efficacy in a real world application of the Boussinesq model as opposed to a nonlinear shallow water model. In addition, a discussion on the geophysical parameters which influence the choice of numerical model for simulating tsunami propagation in a particular bathymetric region is provided.

After the Boxing Day 2004 Sumatran Tsunami, a review of tsunami hazard and risk for New Zealand identified Gisborne as the urban area with the greatest risk. Gisborne could experience gt;500 fatalities and extensive damage to infrastructure during a severe tsunami. The severity of a tsunami is likely to be low for distance sources given the effectiveness of the Pacific Tsunami Warning System. However, there is a substantial risk from local sources, as no local warning system of any kind exists. Prompt evacuation is probably the most cost-effective tsunami mitigation strategy available for New Zealand coastal locations, including Gisborne. This requires both knowledge of the extent of tsunami inundation, and sufficient warning of the tsunami arrival. Hence, there are two main objectives for this investigation: 1. Determine the likely extent of tsunami inundation for Gisborne City and surrounding populated coastal locations in Poverty Bay, using a combination of hydrodynamic tsunami modelling and GIS. The modelling will simulate historical events, particularly the largest historical tsunami, the May 1947 local tsunami. Modelling will consider potential events based on the Maximum Credible Earthquake for local sources associated with the Hikurangi Deformation Front. 2. Create inundation maps of Poverty Bay that can be used for future town planning and emergency plans.

Facing this finance tsunami, the small and medium-sized enterprise own should have the correct management idea, understand positively the government provides each assistance, simultaneously the government directs the bank also to have necessity of the adjustment to financing of strategy the small and medium-sized enterprise, this is this article the main purpose. The short-term says, will face the relatively fierce market decline impact inevitably by the foreign trade small and medium-sized enterprise primarily. Even though after the financial tsunami subsides, within from 3 to 5 years, before the global trade demand extremely will be in the future possible the deflation which, because the US will expend, but greatly is inferior, on the other hand, because the enterprise operational risk will elevate relatively, the bank system will give the letter standard also possibly tends to be strict. Origin and influence after this research main discussion finance tsunami, the government loans the strategy small and medium-sized enterprise of by the bank system execution, to relaxes research of our country Small and medium-sized enterprise impact. This research by way of is related Wen Xianzheng , as well as the article offers the methodology and the historical review law studies under the globalization the financial crisis, the small and medium-sized enterprise and the government, in assists the small and medium-sized enterprise to loan in the strategy the result. This research discovered: The latter financial tsunami time, Our country Government is right 'the small and medium-sized enterprise to loan each condition to have the improvement. The research conclusion thought: The government should revise the credit support mechanism, and using the administrative method, enhances the bank to handle time this lending operation the elasticity and the wish, causes the small and medium-sized enterprise to obtain the fund affable synthesis effect, achieves the government to continue to support the industry and the stable economy policy.

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture

Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography and M.S. in Applied Mathematics)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2009. / Thesis Advisor(s): Giraldo, Francis X. ; Radko, Timour. "March 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 24, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Tsunami Simulation, Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004, Triangular Discontinuous Galerkin Method, Propagation stage, Oceanic Shallow Water Model. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-93). Also available in print.

Tsunamis are among the most threatening natural hazards that can affect coastal communities and infrastructures. In order to provide useful information for coastal protection, one of my aims in this dissertation is to identify the physical metrics that better represent the damage cause by tsunamis. I approach this problem by carrying out three-dimensional-SPH numerical simulations of solitary waves which allow to track spatial-temporal evolution of physical variables during their breaking. By comparing these evolutions it is possible to visualize the complex hydrodynamic process that occurs during breaking. Results show that the highest danger lies in the environment of the shoreline. However the highest vulnerability of coastal communities and infrastructures lies onshore where they find themselves more exposed to the destructive capacity of extreme tsunami waves. In this regard, the second main goal in this dissertation is to understand how coastal vegetation reduces and modifies the onshore wave inundation. I address this problem by using shallow water equations and Serre-Green-Naghdi equations employed in a set of two-dimensional depth-integrated simulations. Analysis of results indicate the existence of a transition zone located between where runup is not affected at all and where runup suffers the maximum reduction by the vegetation. This infers the requirement of a minimum length of the vegetated barrier in order to achieve the maximum runup reduction under a specific set properties such as barrier location, barrier width, beach slope and/or wave amplitude. Overall we conclude, after intense validation work, that numerical approaches are very convenient tools to analyze difficult wave processes. However it is necessary to be aware of the limitation of each numerical approach. / Ph. D. / Tsunamis are long waves with large wave height that are mainly generated by ocean-based earthquakes. They can also be a consequence of other natural events such as landslides, intense volcanic activities, large storm floods or even asteroid impacts. Coastal communities tend to not consider these low-frequency threats and occupy large coastal areas and so they become very vulnerable to tsunamis. In this dissertation, two main goals are addressed: The first one is to identify where and when the highest dangerousness of the tsunamis occur so coastal habitants can avoid such areas. The second goal focuses on the flooding areas caused by tsunamis where onshore habitants are more vulnerable. We study how a natural element, such as coastal vegetation, affects, reduces and modifies the flooding due to tsunamis. Some design criteria are presented for the coastal vegetation to reduce the flooding to a maximum.

Two kinds of tsunami models are used in this thesis to simulate tsunami propagation in the ocean. One is the linear dispersion tsunami model developed by Port and Airport Research Institute (PARI), Japan. The other is COrnell Multigrid COupled Tsunami model (COMCOT) developed by the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, that carries on the tsunami run-up computation to the nearshore region. Two kinds of tsunami models have the same mechanism of initial wave profile, which is the vertical seabed displacement as the initial tsunami profile proposed by Mansinha and Smylie (1971). Both models describe the tsunami by the same shallow water equations. At first, the feasibility of the PARI model is established by comparing with the record in Maldives during the South Asia tsunami in December 2004. Then, the COMCOT model in applied to the Pingtong earthquake in December 2006 and is validated by comparing with the tidal station records. Possible submarine fault activities around Taiwan and the Western Pacific ring is simulated by the The PARI model based on moment magnitude scale (¢Ûw) close to the South Asia tsunami. Seven sources are chosen: the Hokkaido, the East Japan, the Ryukyu Islands, the Guishan Island in Taiwan, the Fukien of mainland China, the Luzon Island and the New Guinea. The results suggest the northeast and southwest part of Taiwan have potential tsunami risk. Finally, we simulate the fault activity between Taiwan and Luzon islands by the COMCOT model. The inundation area extends northward to the Tso-Ying and San-Min districts, eastward to the Siao-Gang district and Fengshan city. The Kaohsiung harbor can resist tsunami hazard for moment magnitude scale (¢Ûw) up to 7.58 with maximum wave height of 5.5 meters.