Mangroves, the woody plants, mainly grow in tropical or subtropical intertidal estuaries. In order to adapt to the environment of intertidal estuaries, mangroves develop the special characteristics of ¡§aerial roots¡¨, ¡§prop roots¡¨, ¡§viviparous seeds¡¨, and simpler plant groups. In Taiwan, mangroves mostly grow in the west coast, from Danshui to Pingdong. Mangrove forests, which have long be called as ¡§sea forest¡¨, are the unique ecological landscapes. This study aims to investigate the main mangrove forests areas in the Tainan City and Tainan County and their cultivating situations. The investigation areas include the mouths of the main rivers, coastal areas, salt fields, fishponds, and coastal marshes. The dominant components of Taiwan¡¦s mangroves are Avicennia marina¡]Forsk.¡^Vierh¡]Vierbenaceae¡^, Kandelia obovata Sheue,Liu¡®Yong¡ARhizophora stylosa Griff¡]Rhizophoraceae¡^and Lumnitzera racemosa Willd¡]Combretaceae¡^. Besides, there are 90 associated plants of the mangroves, which belong to 30 families and 76 genera. After investigating, it reveals that Avicennia marina is the more superior specie; Lumnitzera racemosa and Rhizophora stylosa mostly exist in Tainan City, while their cultivating groups can only be found in Shuangchun District in Tainan County; Kandelia obovata is mainly found in Tainan County, and scattered in Sihcao and the bank of Yanshuei stream in Tainan City. Protected areas have been set up in Beimen and Cigu of Tainan County and Sihcao of Tainan City. Man-made conservation areas include Shuangchun in Tainan County and An-ping harbor area in Tainan City. The mangrove plants existing in the areas mentioned above grow well. Moreover, people in Tainan City also plant many mangroves privately. Because of diking fishponds and quickly developing cities in past few years, many mangroves have disappeared. The previous investigations about the mangroves in Southern Taiwan were focused more on Kaohsiung area than in Tainan City and County. For this reason, hopefully the results of this study can make the information of the mangrove forests in the west coast of Taiwan more complete. Three suggestions about the conservation and cultivation of mangroves are listed as follows: (a) keeping the watercourses smooth, (b) deliberately evaluating the cultivation areas, and (c) increasing the habitats in the tidal zones.

The feature in post-modern policing thought is to encounter the diverse crime after deconstruction of modern society. Now, the police cannot solve all the crime on their own; therefore, they have to look for the help from civilians. To have effective results, they should cooperate with civilians and focus on the problem-oriented strategy. With this trend of the police reformation, the community-oriented policing becomes the realistic direction in current police science, which they are requested to enter the communities, encourage civilians¡¦ involvement, and then figure out the problem-solving strategy. The police could enjoy the achievement from work and then ensure the happiness and quality of life for community residents. Breaking in from the project ¡§Six Star¡¨, this research studied the relationship between public security network and the happiness of residents. We predict the connection between the two, and hope to create the mode of community public security network and system transplantation, based on the example we implemented in Tainan County Police Bureau Guiren Police Precinct -- ¡§The process of developing neighborhood watch¡¨. The purposes are as follows: 1. Study the current community security network. With the relationship between Community watch and community development, we iron out the composition of social groups and residents interaction as the reference on studying similar organizations and development for later research. 2. Study the connection between social security network and the happiness of residents. Compare the before and after of creating neighborhood watch, and find out whether the fear to crime increased or otherwise, in order to reinforce the value and importance of this study. 3. According to the study result, we could provide relevant recommendations to implemented units and policy-planned organizations as the reference for the typical mode of developing community security network. This study adopted depth interviews (qualitative study) and questionnaire (quantitative study). In the qualitative study, we have interviews for 13 persons, including community leader (town mayor, county councilor, village chief, entrepreneur, etc.), watch captain, and police officers. With the results, we evaluate the position of the development for community watch in the community as well as the practical effect on the community security network. In the quantitative study, we focus on the residents of 4 townships in Guiren Police Precinct. We sent out 450 questionnaires and returned 372; the rate is 82.67%. The non-effective questionnaires are 14 and the effective ones are 358 which is 79.56% of the total amount. We used SPSS PC12.0 Chinese Version software to analyze the data, which include descriptive data analysis (including average, standard deviation, Analysis of Variation, and Regression Analysis), Chi-Square Test, Tabulated Statistics, and Regression Analysis. Furthermore, infer the results of each variable. The study gets the following conclusions: 1. Creating neighborhood watch could build up the warning system to secure the safety of residents. 2. Holding public security seminars through the community watch could get rid of the fear of crime of residents. 3. Developing the neighborhood watch would help the residents get involved to the community security matters. 4. The successful elements of the community watch are good leaders and stable funding. 5. Creating the neighborhood watch becomes the basic request of ¡§secured community¡¨. 6. Promoting the community public security network help improve the alienation between people. 7. After creating the community watch, the interaction between residents increased and activities as well. 8. After creating the community watch, we could build up the community security network system. 9. Government compiles the expenditure in a long term to support the community, and that is the largest expectation for residents. 10. After systematizing the operation of the community watch, the politics could also take part in the activities to create win-win situation. 11. Having security conferences periodically could respond the request of community security. 12. After creating the neighborhood watch, the quality of life in the community could get better. 13. The stronger the relationship in the community security network is, the higher the happiness of the community residents have. Although there are lots of problems in the community, we can¡¦t expect they could be solved overnight. However, ¡§the foundation of success is to get going¡¨; we hope we could at least simplify these problems. The final goal of this study is looking for the possible approaches which make people satisfied and let the government promote easily, especially in the area of community security.

本研究以環境正義理論為基礎，探討事業廢棄物掩埋場開發決策背後導致衝突肇因之環境不正義議題及衝突化解之道。首先，針對國內事業廢棄物處理政策的發展脈絡，構築出政府現階段解決事業廢棄物最終處置的思維，一則積極推動源頭減量、回收再利用；其次，又企圖鼓勵興建掩埋場解決事業廢棄物最終處置問題的雙軌併行政策，在缺乏整合的運作邏輯之下，能否發揮事業廢棄物減量、降低掩埋場設置需求的政策執行成效？繼而，在地方政府被賦予審議或核定環境開發治理權的轉變之下，應如何扮演該決策制訂與審議制度運作的角色，藉由「台南縣東山鄉事業廢棄物掩埋場」興建個案研究，探究掩埋場設置衝突事件之肇因，及地方住民、環保團體抗爭訴求，與開發業者、地方政府在個案申請設置或開發決策過程中所呈現環境不正義之關連性，並進一步推導出在地住民因環境權的被剝奪，而從事此抗爭運動所衍生「環境正義理念」的主張。 本研究結論指出，除環保署應積極整合事業廢棄物「源頭減廢、回收再利用」與「鼓勵掩埋場設置」兩政策之執行計畫及成效，俾能藉由減少廢棄物之產出，以降低掩埋場設置需求外；地方政府進行事業廢棄物掩埋場開發決策制訂前，應賦權民眾參與的機制，嚴肅看待開發過程所衍生不正義的問題，提高決策的正當性及公信力；同時透過開發審議制度及法令結構的變革，亦即賦予當地住民獲得充分資訊的權利、公開聽證的權利、民主參與的權利、協調開發單位與受影響的住民簽訂「環境保護協定」，以及要求事業機構負起調整生產結構的責任，作為實踐環境正義理念的方法，藉以改善環境決策品質及決策制訂的思維，俾作為地方政府部門從事掩埋場設施開發決策，消彌環境不正義衝突爭議之參考，以提供另種紓解民眾衝突爭端的途徑。 / In this study based on the theory of environmental justice ,by industrial waste landfills lead to the development of decision-making behind the cause of the conflict of environmental injustice issues and the way to resolve the conflict. First of all, the cause for domestic waste disposal policy development context, the government resolved at this stage to build industrial waste final disposal of thinking, an actively to promote the source reduction, recycling and reuse.Secondly, an attempt to encourage establishment industrial waste landfills to solve the problem of final disposal of parallel two-track policy, a lack of integration in the operation of logic, could appear of reducing waste, reducing landfills established of the policy effectiveness？then, in local government be given consideration or approved development and control of environmental, how to play with the consideration of the decision-making role. By " In Dongshan Township,Tainan County industrial waste landfills" the established of case study, probe into landfills established the causes of conflict, and local residents, environmental groups protested demand, and local government development of decision-making process in the present environmental injustice relevance, and further deduced in the right environment for the inhabitants of the deprived, while engaged in this social movements against by the derivative "concept of environmental justice". This study concluded that, the EPD should actively integrated industrial waste, "the source of waste reduction, recycling and reuse" and " encourage to establish of landfills " two policy implementation plan and effectiveness, achieved to reduce waste output and the need for establish of landfills . Local government for industrial waste landfills development decision-making, should be to empower public participation, look at the development process is derived from the issue of injustice, enhance the legitimacy and credibility of the decision-making.At the same time, through the development checkup system and changes in the structure of act, which gives local residents the right to receive adequate information, the right to public hearings, the right to democratic participation, coordinated developer and residents affected by the signing of environmental protection agreements and require producer assume the responsibility of the production structure adjustment, as a practical way the concept of environmental justice, to improve the quality of decision-making, it could serve as a local government departments engaged in the development of decision-making landfills facilities, eliminating the environmental injustice a reference for controversial conflict , to provide another kind of dispute the way the conflict.