Since the early days of psychology, practitioners have recognised that metacognition - or the act of thinking about one's own thinking - is intertwined with our experience of the world. In the last decade, scientists have started to understand metacognitive signals, like judgments of confidence, as precise mathematical constructs. Confidence can be conceived of as an internal estimate of the probability of being correct. As such, confidence influences both advice seeking and advice taking while allowing people to optimally combine their views for joint action and group coordination. This work begins by exploring the idea that confidence judgments are important for monitoring not only uncertainty associated with one's performance but also, thanks to their positive covariation with accuracy, the reliability of social advisers, particularly when objective criteria are not available. I present data showing that, when adviser and advisee's judgments are independent, people are able to detect subtle variations in advice information, irrespective of feedback presence. I also show that, when such independence is broken, the use of subjective confidence to track others' reliability leads to systematic deviations. I then proceed to explore the differences existing between static and dynamic social information exchange. Traditionally, social and organisational psychology have investigated one-step unidirectional information systems, but many real-life interactions happen on a continuous time-scale, where social exchanges are recursive and dynamic. I present results indicating that the dynamics of social information exchange (recursive vs. one-step) affect individual opinions over and above the information that is communicated. Overall, my results suggest a bidirectional involvement of confidence in social inference and information exchange, and highlight the limits of the mechanisms underlying it.

Orientador: Archimedes Peres Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T05:54:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Briguenti_EdersonCosta_M.pdf: 6080293 bytes, checksum: cb23c26823c11ee3cefb098277c441cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: No contexto da atual e crescente discussão em tomo da problemática ambiental, grandes centros urbanos mostram-se como palco principal de uma estreita relação existente entre a qualidade de vida e a degradação dos recursos naturais. A área de estudo, a bacia do ribeirão Anhumas, localizada no município de Campinas/SP, se enquadra nesta perspectiva. Freqüentes impactos fluviais, aliados ao comprometimento das condições ambientais, mostram-se diretamente ligados à tendência histórico-espacial de expansão ocupacional da bacia, agravando, assim, sua realidade sócio-espacial. Informações que reflitam de forma sistêmica as características ambientais de tal unidade territorial, tomam-se essenciais, pois, além de colaborarem na compreensão da relação sociedade-natureza local, fundamentam ações e medidas que busquem melhorias efetivas para as condições constatadas. Desta forma, o objetivo principal do trabalho está baseado em proposta metodológica, que tem por finalidade avaliar a qualidade ambiental em diferentes áreas na bacia do ribeirão Anhumas, demonstrando a influência que estes locais sofrem e exercem sobre a sociedade. Essa avaliação será fruto da aplicação de geoindicadores quantitativos, subdivididos em indicadores de "Estado- Pressão-Resposta", de forma que integrem as informações e condições de diferentes ambientes. A utilização de indicadores, a fim de quantificar a qualidade ambiental, foi realizada a partir da classificação de "Unidades Físico-Ambientais Integradas". O mapeamento dessas unidades teve como base principal as características geomorfológicas da bacia, que foram espacializadas a partir da sobreposição de dados fisicos de forma integrada. Para tanto, a utilização de técnicas de geoprocessamento será fundamental para chegar aos objetivos propostos / Abstract: In the context of the current and increasing discussion, on global scale, regarding environmental problematic, the great urban centers show themselves as a primary picture of a very dose relation ship between life quality and degradation of natural resources. The studied area of Anhumas river basin, located on Campinas/SP, fits this perspective. Frequently fluvial impacts allied to committed environmental conditions, show themse1ves directly very dose to the trend spatial-history of basin occupational expansion, thus aggravating a serious social space reality. Pieces of information that show, in a systematic way, the environmental characteristics of such territorial unit, become essential, therefore, besides it's collaboration on local nature-society relationship understanding, acting as the base of the actions that search for effective improvements for the evidenced conditions. Therefore, the main objective of this essay is based on a methodical propose which has the purpose to evaluate the environment quality in different areas on Anhumas basin, demonstrating the influence suffered and at the same time performed by this areas over society. This evaluation will be created by the application of quantitative geoindicators, subdivided on indicators of "State-Pressure-Answer", in a way that integrates the information and condition from different environments. The use of these indicators, in order to quantify the environmental quality, was rea1ized starting at the classification of the "Integrated Physic-Ambient Unit". The mapping of these units will have as main base the geomorphology characteristics of the basin, that had been mapped starting at the overlapping of integrated physical data. Given this, the use of geoprocessing techniques will be essential to reach the proposed objectives / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestre em Geografia