La ville de Tamanrasset comme une ville récente du Sahara central, a été confrontée au long de son histoire à un problème d’approvisionnement en eau potable. Cette situation qui endure la population de la ville a dû d’une croissance démographique rapide (sédentarisation, immigration), une urbanisation anarchique et à des ressources en eau très limites. Avec, la persistance de la pénurie, les difficultés d’accès à l’eau potable, et une gestion étatique inefficace, les habitants ont toujours fait recours aux services des revendeurs d’eau par les camions-citernes, et ont développé des dispositifs de stockage plus au moins sophistiqués pour assurer une consommation régulière à l’intérieur de l’habitation, tout en étant indépendant du programme de rotation du distribution élaboré par l’A.D.E. Pour résoudre le problème de la pénurie d’eau ; il a fallu attendre l’intervention de l’état algérien par la réalisation d’un grand projet d’adduction en transférant des eaux fossiles (albienne) du bas Sahara vers la ville de Tamanrasset (700 km). Il est à signaler que ce passage d’une gestion de pénurie vers celle d’abondance reste un défi qui nécessite plus de moyens et d’attention. D’une manière plus précise, le travail que nous avons mené concerne les interactions entre le rationnement, imposé par les services de l’eau de la ville en conséquence du manque d’eau et d’une politique de gestion inadéquate avec les spécificités locales, et les solutions envisagées par les usagers et l’état. / The city of Tamanrasset as a new city in the central Sahara was faced throughout its history to a water supply problem. This situation endures the population of the city had a rapid population growth (settlement, immigration), uncontrolled urbanization and limits water resources. With the persistence of the shortage, lack of access to safe drinking water, and inefficient state management, people have always used the services of water reseller’s tankers, and developed storage devices more or less sophisticated to ensure regular consumption in within the housing, while being independent of rotation program distribution developed by the ADE. To solve the problem of shortage of water, it took the intervention of the Algerian state by carrying out a large supply project by transferring fossil water (Albian) of the down Sahara to the city of Tamanrasset (700 km). It should be noted that the passage of a management shortage to abundance that remains a challenge requiring more resources and attention. More specifically speaking, the work we've done for the interactions between the rationing imposed by the water services in the city as a result of lack of water and inadequate management policy, with specific local and the solutions envisaged by users and the state.

This thesis assesses the governance of irregular migration and the practicalities of human smuggling in southern Algeria. It looks at the drivers, functionalities and institutions governing irregular migration and human smuggling in Algeria’s south and along its borders with Mali and Niger. After a brief overview of the history of irregular migration in the Sahara, the study analyses the mechanics and instruments through which the Algerian authorities manage irregular migration. It shows that they often attempt to play a balancing act between enforcing a hard security agenda while taking into account the role of the irregular migration economy for borderland people. Moreover, the thesis offers a micro assessment of migrant strategies and smugglers' modus operandi in the villages and cities along Algeria's borders with Mali and Niger, drawing from extensive fieldwork conducted across the region. Human smuggling appears to be a highly 'regulated activity' through a network of rules shared between the borderland actors. The study presents the features associated with the politics of informal rules of human smuggling, portraying them as contingent on their political and security environment. Finally, the research develops a chapter on the daily lives of migrants in the city of Tamanrasset, Algeria's southern main city, showing how migrants' presence shapes the city's character. It looks in particular at how lodging places, known locally as 'foyers', play an essential role in a migrant's life trajectory. Moreover, the research analyses the complex relationship between smugglers and migrants, notably via the activities of former smugglers ('passeurs') who became owners of 'foyers', playing a critical social role for new migrants.