Master of Arts / Department of Economics / Peri da Silva / Terms-of-trade argument (the optimal tariff theory) refers that a country with market power can gain national welfare when they impose a tariff for foreign exports and generate welfare at the expense of foreign trade partners. This argument has been long-term applied as an assumption in many theoretical trade models. Feenstra (2004) shows that the theoretical optimal tariff is equal to the inverse foreign export supply elasticity which implies if we can get the value of inverse export elasticity for each good then we can set up the optimal tariff to maximized our national welfare. Compared with the development in theory, the progress in the empirical study of terms-of-trade argument has been a bit stagnant until recent years. Christian Broda, Nuno Limão and David Weinstein (2008) show us an important empirical evidence that countries use market power when they set up tariff in their non-cooperative trade policy. And they estimate both import demand elasticity and export supply elasticity at the four-digit Harmonized System level by using 16 countries’ trade data and production data. In this report, we firstly introduce the theoretical basis of optimal tariff. Then we will discuss the contributions of Broda et al (2008) and other economists’ empirical findings of optimal tariff theory which applies Broda, Limão and Weinstein’s estimates of elasticities

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Georgetown University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 289-293).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Pennsylvania State University, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-88).

No description available.

The subject matter of this thesis is the definition, measurement and use of marginal cost as a tool of analysis to assist the process of decision-making in the water supply industry. Demand management is viewed in broad terms to include the establishment of an optimal structure and level of prices and investment in optimal capacity as well as investment in demand-restraining measures such as leakage detection and control. The study examines the definition of marginal cost as a benchmark for price setting. It provides empirical estimates of the various components of marginal cost of water supply in the Hampshire area, part of the Southern Water Authority. These estimates assume an exogenously determined level of demand and therefore exclude any possible direct interaction between the pricing and investment decisions. Departing from this tradition the study also examines a number of models where, under specific assumptions, optimal prices, output and capacity levels over a chosen planning horizon are simultaneously determined. This allows for direct interaction between the pricing and investment decisions. The study simulates optimal paths of prices, output and capacity expansion in the Hampshire area. This is carried out under various assumptions, one of which admits the potential of staging capacity expansion in order to take advantage of economies of scale in the capital cost function. An analysis of leakage detection and control as a demand management tool is presented in the final part of the study. The purpose of this analysis is to investigate how leakage detection and control may be conducted using either cost-benefit analysis or an appropriately defined tool of marginal cost.

This study, set within the contextual background of Victorian politics, ‘seeks to identify the economic, political and social implications of tariff protection for the Castlemaine region from 1870-1901. The introduction of the Victorian tariff in 1865 precipitated a reversal of earlier attitudes towards protection by politicians and their constituents. Reasons are sought for changes in the perceptions of the Castlemaine electorate and its political representatives towards the tariff between 1870 and Federation. An examination has been made of the role of the tariff in the creation of employment in the region’s primary and secondary industries together with its influence on politicians, primary and secondary industry leaders and workers. Also explored is the relative impact of the tariff on the economic performance of Castlemaine industries, whether producing for export or domestic markets.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 1937. / Published also without thesis note. Bibliography: p. 337-366.

No description available.

Inaug.-Diss.--München. / Pub.in full as: Münchener volkswirtschaftliche studien; hrsg. von L. Brentano und W. Lotz. 87. stück. Includes bibliographical references.