Submitted by Valquíria Barbieri (kikibarbi@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-25T22:48:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Andre Pereira Dias.pdf: 4828090 bytes, checksum: 3d6bf1d9b3f9e5374b0309ddde97163f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2018-05-16T14:28:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Andre Pereira Dias.pdf: 4828090 bytes, checksum: 3d6bf1d9b3f9e5374b0309ddde97163f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-16T14:28:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Andre Pereira Dias.pdf: 4828090 bytes, checksum: 3d6bf1d9b3f9e5374b0309ddde97163f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-20 / CAPES / A demanda por água é uma preocupação recorrente em várias regiões do planeta. O Brasil, e em especial a região do Médio Araguaia, é uma região do planeta onde esse recurso é abundante, e também um dos que tem menos ações voltadas para a conservação e uso racional de seus recursos naturais. A degradação do macrossistema de áreas úmidas do Médio Araguaia vem ocorrendo a partir dos anos 70 de forma acelerada. O presente estudo visa servir de subsidio para políticas ambientais de fiscalização, recuperação e conservação, de forma a garantir as funções ecológicas deste importante sistema aquático-terrestre, onde para qualquer planejamento é necessário o conhecimento sobre a abrangência e limites da região estudada. Sendo assim, a delimitação da superfície máxima inundável das áreas úmidas da planície de inundação da Bacia do Médio Araguaia, considerando-se as épocas de maior inundação, se constitui como o esforço principal desse trabalho. Para tanto foram utilizadas técnicas de sensoriamento remoto aplicadas a imagens multitemporais do sensor TM do satélite LANDSAT 5, onde, através dos índices gerados pela transformação Tasseled Cap (TC), foram extraídas as amostras de treinamento que permitiram realizar uma classificação supervisionada através do algoritmo Support Vector Machine (SVM). Paralelamente, foi gerado um modelo HAND (Height Above the Neareast Drainage) utilizando o modelo digital de elevação SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission). O cruzamento das informações obtidas pela classificação com o modelo hidrologicamente consistente HAND-SRTM permitiu estimar as áreas úmidas não detectadas pela classificação, tais como áreas alagadas sob densa cobertura vegetacional. Esses procedimentos permitiram delinear os limites máximos das áreas passíveis de inundação em época de cheia, que recobrem uma extensão de 88.119 km², cerca de 23% da área total da bacia do Médio Araguaia. / The demand for water is of great concern in many regions of the planet. In Brazil, particularly in the Araguaia region, water is an abundant resource, but is subject to poor conservation and water use policies. The degradation of the macrosystem of wetlands in the middle Araguaia has been taking place since the 1970s in an accelerated manner. This study aims to provide subsidy in the formulation of environmental policies for monitoring, recovery and conservation, which ensure the ecological functions provided by these important wetlands. In order to achieve that, the knowledge of the boundaries of the area to be studied is necessary. Thus, the main purpose of this work is the delimitation of the maximum surface likely to flood in the middle Araguaia basin, considering seasons of larger floods. Remote sensing techniques were used in multitemporal images from the LANDSAT 5 TM sensor, for the flood season. Through indexes generated by the Tasseled Cap (TC) transformation, areas of interest were obtained from the landscape elements, such as vegetation, soil, water, and wetlands. From training sample sets, a supervised classification was obtained using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm. In addition, a HAND (Height Above the Nearest Drainage) model was created using the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model (DEM). The classes associated with humidity, resulting from the classification, were correlated to the altimetric classes obtained from the hydrologically consistent HAND-SRTM. Such procedures allowed the delineation of the maximum boundary of areas likely to flood during flood seasons, which cover 88,119 km² - around 23% - of the Médio Araguaia basin.

Land cover change detection in urban areas provides valuable data on loss of forest and agricultural land to residential and commercial development. Using Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (1991) and Landsat 7 ETM+ (2000) imagery of Gwinnett County, GA, change images were obtained using image differencing of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), principal components analysis (PCA), and Tasseled Cap-transformed images. Ground truthing and accuracy assessment determined that land cover change detection using the NDVI and Tasseled Cap image transformation methods performed best in the study area, while PCA performed the worst of the three methods assessed. Analyses on vegetative and vegetation changes from 1991- 2000 revealed that these methods perform well for detecting changes in vegetation and/or vegetative characteristics but do not always correspond with changes in land use. Gwinnett County lost an estimated 13,500 hectares of vegetation cover during the study period to urban sprawl, with the majority of the loss coming from forested areas.

This thesis applies a novel method of change detection, the Landsat Image Stack Trend Analysis method to the monitoring of retrogressive thaw slumps in the Richardson Mountains, NWT. This method represents a significant improvement upon previous methods of thaw slump monitoring, which utilized air photos and high-resolution satellite imagery. This method applies Tasseled Cap brightness, wetness and greenness indices to Landsat TM/ETM images acquired between 1985 and 2011 and analyzes the temporal change of each pixel for the different indices values. This method is useful in retrogressive thaw slump monitoring in two ways. First, by creating a map showing the linear change over time from 1985 to 2011, retrogressive thaw slumps can be easily identified, as they are more dynamic than the surrounding tundra. In total, 251 thaw slumps were identified within an area of roughly 18 000km2. Second, thaw slump activity, from initiation, growth and stabilization can be studied by plotting the annual vegetation index pixel values of adjacent pixels in a thaw slump. This method allows for the efficient extraction of annual thaw slump headwall retreat rates, provided the availability of cloud-free imagery. The retreat rates of 16 slumps were extracted, which were found to have an average annual retreat rate of 11.8 m yr-1.

This diploma thesis covers questions of remote sensing in relation to land adjustment. On water area is showm usage of the vegetation index NDVI and the Tasseled Cap transformation. Satellite images were processed in computer software ERDAS IMAGINE.

This thesis applies a novel method of change detection, the Landsat Image Stack Trend Analysis method to the monitoring of retrogressive thaw slumps in the Richardson Mountains, NWT. This method represents a significant improvement upon previous methods of thaw slump monitoring, which utilized air photos and high-resolution satellite imagery. This method applies Tasseled Cap brightness, wetness and greenness indices to Landsat TM/ETM images acquired between 1985 and 2011 and analyzes the temporal change of each pixel for the different indices values. This method is useful in retrogressive thaw slump monitoring in two ways. First, by creating a map showing the linear change over time from 1985 to 2011, retrogressive thaw slumps can be easily identified, as they are more dynamic than the surrounding tundra. In total, 251 thaw slumps were identified within an area of roughly 18 000km2. Second, thaw slump activity, from initiation, growth and stabilization can be studied by plotting the annual vegetation index pixel values of adjacent pixels in a thaw slump. This method allows for the efficient extraction of annual thaw slump headwall retreat rates, provided the availability of cloud-free imagery. The retreat rates of 16 slumps were extracted, which were found to have an average annual retreat rate of 11.8 m yr-1.

No description available.

Water scarcity is both natural and man-made phenomenon. Water control and uneven distribution of upstream TeestaRiver water makes artificial scarcity in downstream areas which can be minimized at least to the water stress level by balancing distribution and sustainable water use. Tasseled Cap transformation and NDVI methods were used in this study in order to find the magnitude of water scarcity in the downstream areas. NDVI and Tasseled Cap Greenness methods were applied to get proxy for soil moisture values in the form of biomass content and Tasseled Cap Wetness method were used to detect change in soil moisture content from Landsat TM and ETM+ data (1989-2010). System dynamic analysis method was applied to identify temporal and spatial differences between supply and demand of water in the TeestaRiver catchments area in the northwestern part of Bangladesh. It was found that, the vegetation cover and soil moisture content changed and shifted over time. Overall vegetation declined between 1989 and 2010 and soil moisture content also turned down. Moreover, TeestaRiver water is playing an important role for maintaining the balance between water supply and water scarcity in this region. There is a correlation between water scarcity in the downstream and availability of water in the TeestaRiver during dry seasons. / Master's Thesis

No description available.

The problem of whether Landsat 7 data could be used to delineate areas prone to mass movement, particularly debris flows and landslides, was examined using three techniques: change detection in NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), change detection in band 5, and the tasseled cap transformation. These techniques were applied to areas that had recently experienced mass movement: Layton, Davis County and Alpine, Spanish Fork Canyon and Santaquin, Utah County. No distinctive spectral characteristics were found with any of these techniques with two possible explanations: 1. That despite improved spatial resolution in Landat 7 over its predecessors and improved digital image processing capabilities, the resolution is still too low to detect these characteristics or 2. That the aspects of a slope that make it prone to mass movement are undetectable at any resolution by remote sensing. Change detection in NDVI examined if areas that remained unchanged (defined as < 5% change) between August 14, 1999 and October 17, 1999 correlated to areas that are prone to mass movement. There was no correlation. Change detection in band 5 was examined between August 14, 1999 and October 17, 1999, October 17, 1999 and May 28, 2000, and August 14, 1999 and May 28, 2000. An interesting result is that the Shurtz Lake and Thistle landslides (Spanish Fork Canyon) showed changes of greater than 30% during August 14, 1999 - October 17, 1999 and October 17, 1999 - May 28, 2000. These changes were limited to these landslides and not seen in abundance in surrounding areas. A similar localization of 30% change was seen in the Cedar Bench landslide (Layton) for the same time periods. There were no other correlations. The tasseled cap ransformation shows areas of dominate greenness, soil brightness or wetness. None of these factors had distinctive patterns in the areas studied when compared to surrounding, mass movement-prone areas so no conclusions can be drawn about the utility of the tasseled cap transformation as it relates to areas of potential mass movement.