Diploma thesis is focused on the profession of auditors, accountants and tax advisers. Introductory chapters are devoted to the basic characteristics of professions, prerequisite for the activity in this area and by law, relating to the issue. The main goal of this thesis is to describe the professional responsibility of auditors, accountants and tax advisers, and its relation to the infringement. Part of the thesis are selected court rulings on professional responsibility. Finally, it is also dedicated to the comparison of observed professions.

Tax arrears are a frequent feature in many States and a concern that demands to reflect on the diverse variables that promote, cause or block their reduction. This paper elaborates on some of the variables that could promote or contribute to generate tax arrears and on some aspects of the Peruvian tax system that could help to explain the current level of tax arrears and the tax litigiousness in Peru. Tax Administration pitfalls that contribute to the generation of tax arrears and tax litigiousness are not avoided but are certainly not the core part of this work. / Los atrasos de las deudas tributarias son un fenómeno frecuente en los Estados y una preocupación que exige reflexionar sobre las diversas variables que los incentivan, ocasionan o que impiden su reducción. El presente trabajo reflexiona sobre algunas de las variables que podrían promover, o cooperar con, la generación de atrasos tributarios y sobre algunos aspectos o atributos del sistema tributario peruano que podrían ayudar a explicar el actual nivel de atraso en la deuda tributaria y, en parte, la alta litigiosidad en el sistema. Los defectos atribuibles a la Administración tributaria para producir el atraso y la litigiosidad no se evaden, pero no forman parte central del trabajo.

The thesis "Limitations of professional liability in relation to the professions of auditor, tax adviser and accountant with regard to the duty of confidentiality" focuses on a more detailed elaboration of the selected specific segment of professional liability of the given professions, on the legal and ethical obligations in the field of confidentiality and the possibility of its breaking. The introductory part of the thesis deals with confidentiality in terms of historical development and its importance in the present. Further, it outlines the area of moral and ethical responsibility, legal liability in general, and confidentiality as a specific duty. The concept of confidentiality of the professions of auditors, tax advisers and accountants represents the core of the presented work. The duty of confidentiality of the profession of auditors is significantly influenced by the public interest in the presented information in the form of opinion on the financial statements of the audited entities, and thus the possibilities of the legally supported breaking of this obligation are the most extensive, as evidenced by the amendment to the Act on Auditors, effective from 1 October 2016. The duty of confidentiality of the tax adviser has until recently been strictly defined on a legal basis. The change was brought by the Supreme Court's case law in November 2015, which by comparing the principally equivalent conditions for the exercise of legal liability in the area of confidentiality of the tax adviser and attorney, also deduces the similarities of competencies of both professions in cases of breaking the confidentiality. The accounting profession is not regulated by law, and therefore the confidentiality obligation is also not legally enforceable. However, professional certified accountants are required to comply with the Code of Conduct issued by the Professional Chamber. The final part of the thesis focuses on comparing the duty of confidentiality of the selected professions of auditors, tax advisers and professional accountants with the attorney-at-law profession.

The dissertation thesis at large discusses the problems of unlawful conduct in the economic area, possibilities for its exposure and prevention issues. Every human conduct, apart from the legal viewpoint, may also be assessed from the moral viewpoint, whereas in this context, law is designated as the "moral minimum". From this relationship, we arrive at the conclusion that every instance of unlawful conduct is also immoral. On the contrary, conduct that complies with the law always need not be in compliance with the moral norms. In the Czech Republic, the New Criminal Code came into force on 1 January 2010, which also punishes the most severe forms of unlawful conduct and fundamentally affects performance of the accounting and auditing professions. Apart from some concept changes, this Codex also introduced, for instance, changes in the punishability of planning crimes. From the viewpoint of the auditor, tax adviser and accountant, barring of perpetration, whose commitment or planning authentically comes to the knowledge of the auditor, tax adviser or accountant seems to be fundamental. The issues of occupational fraud are mainly related to the problems of the auditing profession. These unlawful acts take various forms, which can be split into three basic groups, which are asset misappropriation, fraudulent statements and corruption. When exposing occupational fraud, as well as other forms of unlawful conduct, confidentiality issues are fundamental. In some cases, the law anticipates breaking through this confidentiality, mainly, for the purpose of exposing the most severe forms of unlawful conduct. Within the framework of prevention of occupational fraud, internal control systems play an essential role. It is possible to evaluate the existence of ethical codices, respectively, building of ethical corporate culture as very fundamental.