The purpose of this master thesis is comparison of the tax burden of Czech a Swedish employees. The first part describes tax systems of both analyzed states focusing on the taxation of income from employment according to the 2016 legislation in order to successfully perform the calculations in the following sections. The second, practical part is dedicated to the comparison of selected indicators. It consists of two parts. The first is focused on the calculation of average effective tax rate for various income groups and various types of taxpayers. The next part compares values of redistribution indicators, which are interval and global progressivity indicators (Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient). The final section is devoted to the comparison of conclusions of this thesis with conclusions of thesis with similar subject, that have been successfully defended.