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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

DepÃsito e perdas em aplicaÃÃes de defensivos na cultura do cajueiro com o uso de diferentes taxas e equipamentos de aplicaÃÃo / Deposit and losses on defensive cashew applications using different rates and application equipment.

Igor Martins Cordeiro 19 December 2013 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A cajucultura, como atividade de importÃncia econÃmica para o Nordeste brasileiro, vem passando por um perÃodo de decrÃscimo de produtividade, muito por causa do regime extrativista empregado no seu cultivo e pela falta de um mÃnimo de tÃcnicas de manejo de produÃÃo, dentre eles o controle de pragas. Muitos sÃo os fatores que influenciam na eficiÃncia de uma aplicaÃÃo de defensivos, porem grande parte dos produtores dÃo mais importÃncia ao produto aplicado que a forma como ele à aplicado. Definir o volume adequado de calda a ser aplicado na copa de culturas arbÃreas à uma tarefa difÃcil, devido a variabilidade existente entre os cultivos. O conceito de TRV (Tree Row Volume) surgiu como uma forma de adequar a quantidade de calda a ser aplicada em funÃÃo do volume da copa da cultura. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a deposiÃÃo de calda e corante na folha do cajueiro e as perdas de corante e calda para o solo em aplicaÃÃes em oito taxas de aplicaÃÃo, sendo quatro dessas taxas aplicadas com um turboatomizador, trÃs com um equipamento costal motorizado e uma com equipamento costal manual. O experimento foi conduzindo em uma Ãrea de cajueiro anÃo precoce localizada no municÃpio de PacajÃs-CE. Para as aplicaÃÃes, as taxas dos equipamentos foram regulados, onde para o turboatomizador foram realizadas regulagens na orientaÃÃo do fluxo de ar, taxa de aplicaÃÃo e do perfil de distribuiÃÃo vertical da calda, para os equipamentos costal manual e costal motorizado foram feitas a regulagem das taxas de aplicaÃÃo. Os testes de deposiÃÃo de calda e corante na copa do cajueiro foram conduzidos no delineamento experimental de faixas, onde os tratamentos principais foram oito taxas de aplicaÃÃo, sendo quatro destas aplicadas com o turboatomizador (100%, 85%, 70% e 50% da taxa de aplicaÃÃo de referencia), trÃs pelo pulverizador costal motorizado (nÃvel 6, entre o nÃvel 3 e 4 e o nÃvel 1 do controlador de vazÃo) e uma com o pulverizador costal manual, os tratamentos secundÃrios foram os seis pontos de coletas na copa do cajueiro. Os testes de perdas de corante e de calda para o solo foram conduzidos no delineamento de blocos, onde os tratamentos foram as oito taxas de aplicaÃÃo utilizados nos testes de deposiÃÃo na copa. A deposiÃÃo de calda na copa da cultura se deu de forma crescente a medida que se aumentou a taxa de aplicaÃÃo, apresentando uma maior concentraÃÃo na parte lateral da copa da cultura. Maiores valores de deposito de corante foram encontrados nos tratamentos com o pulverizador costal motorizado com regulador de vazÃo no nÃvel 6 e entre os nÃveis 3 e 4, nas aplicaÃÃes com o turboatomizador uma maior deposiÃÃo de corante foi encontrada nos tratamentos com 70% e 55% da taxa de aplicaÃÃo de referÃncia. As aplicaÃÃes com o turboatomizador apresentaram maior uniformidade de distribuiÃÃo de corante nos pontos de coleta em relaÃÃo aos equipamentos costal motorizado e costal manual. Maiores perdas de calda foram encontradas a medida que se aumentou a taxa de aplicaÃÃo, com exceÃÃo da aplicaÃÃo com o equipamento costal manual. Maiores perdas da corante foram encontradas nas aplicaÃÃes com o equipamento costal manual, seguido das aplicaÃÃes com o turboatomizador e com o pulverizador costal motorizado. As aplicaÃÃes com equipamento costal motorizado com regulador de vazÃo no nÃvel 6 e entre os nÃveis 3 e 4 se mostraram mais eficiente em depositar calda na cultura do cajueiro, para as aplicaÃÃes com o turboatomizador a taxa da aplicaÃÃo com 55% da taxa da aplicaÃÃo de referÃncia se mostrou mais eficiente em depositar corante e com menores perdas. Pode-se concluir que a deposiÃÃo na folha e perda para o solo de calda à maior quanto maior a taxa, porÃm a deposiÃÃo de corante na folha à maior no equipamento costal motorizado e a maior perda de corante para o solo se dà na aplicaÃÃo com o equipamento costal manual. / The cashew cultivation as an activity of economic importance for the Brazilian Northeast, has been going for a period of decline in productivity, largely because of the extractive scheme employed in its cultivation and the lack of minimal technical management of production factors, among them pest control. There are many factors that influence the effectiveness of a pesticide application, however much the producers give more importance to the applied product that the form how it is applied. Set the appropriate water volume to be applied in the canopy of tree crops is a difficult task due to the variability between crops. The concept of TRV has emerged as a way to adjust the amount of syrup to be applied depending on the volume of the canopy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the deposition of dye and syrup in the cashew leaf and losses of dye and syrup for ground applications in eight application rates, with four of those rates applied air carrier sprayer with a three with a motorized knapsack equipment and a manual knapsack with equipment. The experiment was driving in an area of dwarf cashew localized in Pacajus - CE. The adjustment of application equipment used at work for the air carrier sprayer was made adjustments were made in the direction of air flow, application rate and the vertical distribution profile of the syrup to the knapsack and motorized knapsack equipment of the adjustment were made application rates. Tests of spray deposition and dye in cup cashew were conducted in experimental design tracks in a split plot design where the main treatments were eight application rates, four of which applied to the air carrier sprayer (100%, 85%, 70% and 50% of the application rate of reference), three by motorized knapsack sprayer (level 6, between level 3 and 4 and level 1 flow controller) and one with manual knapsack, secondary treatments were the six points collections in the cup cashew. Tests for loss of dye and syrup to soil were conducted in the experimental design of tracks, where treatments were eight application rates used in the tests deposition in the cup. The spray deposition on the cup occurred incrementally measure that increased the rate of application, with a higher concentration at the side of the cup. Higher values of deposit of dye were found in treatments with motorized knapsack sprayer with flow regulator at level 6 and between levels 3 and 4, the air carrier sprayer applications with greater deposition of dye was found in the treatments with 70 % and 55 % the rate of application of reference. The applications with the air carrier sprayer showed greater uniformity of dye at collection points in relation to motorized and manual equipment costal rib. Greater losses of the syrup as it increased the rate of application, with the exception of the application with knapsack equipment were found. Greater losses of dye were found in applications with manual knapsack equipment, followed by the air carrier sprayer applications and motorized knapsack sprayer. Applications with motorized knapsack equipment with flow regulator at level 6 and between levels 3 and 4 were more efficient in depositing the crop cashew dye, for applications with the air carrier sprayer application rate with 55 % of the rate of application of reference is more efficient in depositing dye and with smaller losses. It can be concluded that the deposition in the leaf and loss to the soil is greater the higher the rate, but the deposition of dye on the leaf is higher in motorized knapsack sprayer and more loss of dye to the ground occurs in the application equipment knapsack.tr

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