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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

AvaliaÃÃo temporal do acÃmulo de fitomassa e trocas gasosas do capim-canarana em funÃÃo da salinidade da Ãgua de irrigaÃÃo / Temporal evaluation of accumulation of biomass and gas exchange of canarana grass a function of salinity of irrigation water

Luiz Barreto de Morais Neto 26 February 2009 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da salinidade da Ãgua de irrigaÃÃo e de diferentes idades de corte sobre os componentes de biomassa, trocas gasosas, crescimento e produÃÃo de do capim-canarana (Echinochloa pyramidalis). As mudas foram plantadas em vasos plÃsticos com volume de 8 L contendo solo do tipo NEOSSOLO QUARTIZARÃNICO textura arenosa, sob condiÃÃes de casa de vegetaÃÃo. Para o experimento em que se avaliou os componentes de biomassa, o delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em parcelas subdividida, sendo os nÃveis de salinidade (0,75; 2,0; 4,0; 6,0 e 8,0 dS m-1) na parcela principal e idade de corte (21, 28, 35, 42 e 49 dias) na subparcela, com cinco repetiÃÃes e para o experimento que se avaliou as trocas gasosas, crescimento e produÃÃo, o delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 x 5, composto por cinco idades de corte (21, 28, 35, 42 e 49 dias) e cinco doses crescentes de Ãgua salina (0,75, 2,0 , 4,0, 6,0 e 8,0 dS/m), com cinco repetiÃÃes. ApÃs o corte de uniformizaÃÃo, 56 dias posterior ao plantio, iniciou-se a aplicaÃÃo dos tratamentos. Ao atingir a idade de corte determinada, as plantas foram cortadas e em seguida o material coletado foi fracionado em folhas, colmos e material morto. Determinou-se a massa seca de forragem total, massa seca de forragem morta, massa seca de forragem viva, massa seca de lÃmina verde, massa seca de colmo verde, relaÃÃo material vivo/material morto e relaÃÃo folha/colmo. Foram realizadas quatro mediÃÃes da taxa fotossintÃtica lÃquida, taxa de transpiraÃÃo e condutÃncia estomÃtica. Para cada idade foi determinada a Ãrea foliar especÃfica, razÃo de peso foliar e razÃo de Ãrea foliar. Verificou-se a tolerÃncia ao estresse salino em cada corte. NÃo houve interaÃÃo entre os fatores estudados. A salinidade reduziu a massa seca de forragem total, massa seca de farragem verde, massa seca de lÃmina verde e a massa seca de colmo verde. NÃo se verificou efeito da salinidade sobre a massa seca de forragem morta, relaÃÃo material vivo/material morto e relaÃÃo folha/colmo. A salinidade alterou a partiÃÃo de matÃria seca, diminuindo a percentagem de colmos e aumentando a percentagem de folhas na massa seca de forragem total. O aumento da idade de corte ocasionou aumentos na massa seca de forragem total, forragem morta, forragem viva, colmos verdes e folhas verdes. A partir da idade de corte de 28 dias a massa seca de forragem morta teve incremento bastante acentuado. O aumento na massa seca de colmos acentuou-se a partir dos 35 dias. O prolongamento da idade de corte provocou um declÃnio nas relaÃÃes material vivo/material morto e folha/colmo. A salinidade afetou as taxas fotossintÃtica e de transpiraÃÃo, mas nÃo afetou a condutÃncia estomÃtica. As variaÃÃes climÃticas ocorridas nos diferentes dias em que foram feitas as mediÃÃes de trocas gasosas, provocaram diferenÃas na taxa fotossintÃtica, taxa de transpiraÃÃo e condutÃncia estomÃtica. A salinidade nÃo causou variaÃÃes na Ãrea foliar especÃfica, razÃo de peso foliar e razÃo de Ãrea foliar, no entanto estas trÃs variÃveis decresceram com o aumento da idade. A tolerÃncia ao estresse salino diminuiu com o avanÃo da idade. Esta espÃcie mostrou-se moderadamente tolerante ao maior nÃvel de salinidade e no maior tempo de exposiÃÃo ao estresse. O capim canarana pode ser irrigado com Ãgua de condutividade elÃtrica de atà 2,0 dS/m. O corte do capim canarana deve ser feito aos 21 dias / This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of saline irrigation water and different cut times on the components of biomass, gas exchange, growth and yield of canarana grass (Echinochloa pyramidalis). The seedlings were planted in plastic pots with a volume of 8 L containing soil type QUARTZARENIC NEOSOL sandy texture, under conditions of a greenhouse. For the experiment in which we evaluated the components of biomass, the experimental design was completely casualized sub divided plots, the salinity levels (0.75, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 dS m-1) in the main plots and harvest age (21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 days) in the plot, with five replicates and the experiment was evaluated gas exchange, growth and production, randomized design, in a 5 x 5, consists of cutting ages (21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 days) and five doses saline water (0.75, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 dS/m) with five replications. After the cut for uniformity, 56 days after the planting began the treatments. Upon reaching the age cutoff determined, the plants were cut and then the material collected was fractionated into leaves, stems and dead material. It was determined the mass of dry total forrage, dry matter of forage dead, dry mass of live forrage, dry matter of green blade, dry mass of green stem, material relationship alive matter/dead material and leaf/stem. Salinity affected the photosynthetic rates and transpiration rates, but did not affect stomatal conductance. There was tolerance to salt stress in each section. There was no interaction between the factors studied. Salinity reduced the dry mass of total herbage, dry forrage of green, dry blade green and dry mass of stem green. There was no effect of salinity on dry mass of dead forrage, live material for dead plant material and leaf/stem. The salinity changed the partition of dry matter, reducing the percentage of stems and increasing the proportion of leaves in the dry mass of total forrage. The increase of the cut caused increases in dry mass of total forrage, dead forrage, live forrage, green stems and green leaves. From the cutting age of 28 days of dry forrage dead had increased quite markedly. The increase in dry weight of stems was accentuated after 35 days. The extension of the cut caused a decline in relations material living dead plant material and leaf/stem. Salinity affected the photosynthetic rates and transpiration, but did not affect stomatal conductance. Climatic variations in the different days on which the measurements were made of gas exchange, caused differences in photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. Climatic variations in the different days on which the measurements were made of gas exchange, caused differences in photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. Salinity did not cause variations in specific leaf area, leaf weight and leaf area ratio, but these three variables decreased with increasing age. The tolerance to salt stress decreased with advancing age. This species was moderately tolerant to higher salinity level and longer exposure to stress. The canarana grass can be irrigated with water electrical conductivity of up to 2.0 dS/m. Cutting canarana grass should be done at 21 days

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