Desde o final do século XX aspectos do paradigma econômico neoliberal estão presentes nas diversas áreas da vida social humana. Conceitos como meritocracia, análise de custo-benefício, flexibilidade e competências são utilizados para analisar e regulamentar a área educacional, inclusive no que se refere à formação docente. Este trabalho tem o propósito de investigar as relações entre a política atual de formação docente e o processo de profissionalização da docência baseada no desenvolvimento de competências específicas. Para tanto, analisamos documentos nacionais e internacionais basilares da esfera da educação a partir da compreensão de que eles constituem uma materialização de discursos oficiais, construídos em processos de disputas e negociações políticas. Buscamos identificar esses discursos atentando para as aproximações e distanciamentos entre os modelos ideais de professor gestor e professor reflexivo e a formação baseada no desenvolvimento de competências. Inicialmente realizamos uma pesquisa documental e bibliográfica que enfoca o desenvolvimento do conceito de competências, suas raízes históricas e sua transposição para a área da educação. Posteriormente, apresentamos um levantamento da legislação brasileira que aborda este conceito e também a legislação que regulamenta as atividades de formação docente nas instituições de ensino. A partir desses dados, discutimos a questão da profissionalização da docência e da popularização das certificações profissionais, representadas pela profusão de cursos e programas de desenvolvimento de competências docentes ofertados atualmente no Brasil. Dessa forma, buscamos identificar e analisar o processo pelo qual a formação por competências se constitui como modelo atual oficial para a formação docente no país. Utilizamos a teoria da atividade, perspectiva teórica desenvolvida por Leontiev a partir dos trabalhos de Vigotski como ferramenta de análise do tema e como proposta para uma nova abordagem de formação docente, focada no desenvolvimento do homem-genérico e na efetiva valorização e profissionalização da docência. / Since the latter part of the 20th century, aspects of the neoliberal economic paradigm have been present in various areas of social human life. Concepts such as meritocracy, cost-benefit analysis, flexibility, and competences are used to analyze and regulate the educational area, including teacher education. The present work has the purpose of investigating the relations between the current teacher education policy and the process of professionalisation of teaching based on the development of specific competences. For that, we have analyzed fundamental national and international documents in the field of education based on the understanding that they constitute the embodiment of official discourses constructed in processes of political disputes and negotiation. We have tried to identify these discourses paying close attention to the approximations and distancing between the ideal models of manager teacher and reflexive teacher and a formation based on the development of competences. Initially, we conducted a documental and bibliographical survey focusing on the development of the concept of competence, its historical roots and its transplantation to the area of education. Next, we presented an assessment of the Brazilian legislation dealing with this concept and also of the legislation that regulates the activities of teacher formation in educational institutions. Based on these data, we discuss the issue of the professionalisation of teaching and of the increasing popularity of professional certifications, represented by the plethora of courses and programs for the development of teaching competences currently on offer in Brazil. Thus, we have tried to identify and analyze the process through which competence-based formation is constituted as the current official model for teacher education in this country. We have used activity theory, a theoretical perspective developed by Leontiev based on the work of Vigotski, focused on the development of the generic-man and on the effective valuation and professionalisation of teaching.

Desde o final do século XX aspectos do paradigma econômico neoliberal estão presentes nas diversas áreas da vida social humana. Conceitos como meritocracia, análise de custo-benefício, flexibilidade e competências são utilizados para analisar e regulamentar a área educacional, inclusive no que se refere à formação docente. Este trabalho tem o propósito de investigar as relações entre a política atual de formação docente e o processo de profissionalização da docência baseada no desenvolvimento de competências específicas. Para tanto, analisamos documentos nacionais e internacionais basilares da esfera da educação a partir da compreensão de que eles constituem uma materialização de discursos oficiais, construídos em processos de disputas e negociações políticas. Buscamos identificar esses discursos atentando para as aproximações e distanciamentos entre os modelos ideais de professor gestor e professor reflexivo e a formação baseada no desenvolvimento de competências. Inicialmente realizamos uma pesquisa documental e bibliográfica que enfoca o desenvolvimento do conceito de competências, suas raízes históricas e sua transposição para a área da educação. Posteriormente, apresentamos um levantamento da legislação brasileira que aborda este conceito e também a legislação que regulamenta as atividades de formação docente nas instituições de ensino. A partir desses dados, discutimos a questão da profissionalização da docência e da popularização das certificações profissionais, representadas pela profusão de cursos e programas de desenvolvimento de competências docentes ofertados atualmente no Brasil. Dessa forma, buscamos identificar e analisar o processo pelo qual a formação por competências se constitui como modelo atual oficial para a formação docente no país. Utilizamos a teoria da atividade, perspectiva teórica desenvolvida por Leontiev a partir dos trabalhos de Vigotski como ferramenta de análise do tema e como proposta para uma nova abordagem de formação docente, focada no desenvolvimento do homem-genérico e na efetiva valorização e profissionalização da docência. / Since the latter part of the 20th century, aspects of the neoliberal economic paradigm have been present in various areas of social human life. Concepts such as meritocracy, cost-benefit analysis, flexibility, and competences are used to analyze and regulate the educational area, including teacher education. The present work has the purpose of investigating the relations between the current teacher education policy and the process of professionalisation of teaching based on the development of specific competences. For that, we have analyzed fundamental national and international documents in the field of education based on the understanding that they constitute the embodiment of official discourses constructed in processes of political disputes and negotiation. We have tried to identify these discourses paying close attention to the approximations and distancing between the ideal models of manager teacher and reflexive teacher and a formation based on the development of competences. Initially, we conducted a documental and bibliographical survey focusing on the development of the concept of competence, its historical roots and its transplantation to the area of education. Next, we presented an assessment of the Brazilian legislation dealing with this concept and also of the legislation that regulates the activities of teacher formation in educational institutions. Based on these data, we discuss the issue of the professionalisation of teaching and of the increasing popularity of professional certifications, represented by the plethora of courses and programs for the development of teaching competences currently on offer in Brazil. Thus, we have tried to identify and analyze the process through which competence-based formation is constituted as the current official model for teacher education in this country. We have used activity theory, a theoretical perspective developed by Leontiev based on the work of Vigotski, focused on the development of the generic-man and on the effective valuation and professionalisation of teaching.

Le nouveau paradigme de l’éducation plurilingue et interculturelle lancé au niveau européen redéfinit le rôle de l’enseignant de langues et influence le contenu de sa formation universitaire. Dans cette recherche nous nous sommes interrogées sur les influences possibles de la politique éducative et linguistique européenne au niveau de la formation initiale des enseignants de langues en Grèce. L’analyse des programmes d’étude des huit départements de langues grecs a été réalisée sous l’angle des propositions européennes et de leur applicabilité en Grèce. Notre recherche a révélé une grande diversité de programmes de formation offerte aux futurs enseignants de langues et un suivi des axes proposés au niveau européen. La recherche quantitative et qualitative que nous avons menée nous a permis de dégager les représentations des enseignants d’anglais, de français, d’allemand et d’italien concernant leur formation initiale et le rapport de celle-ci avec leurs pratiques. Un total de 147 enseignants de langues ont répondu aux questionnaires alors que 30 ont participé aux entretiens. Notre intention visait à observer le degré auquel les propositions européennes correspondaient aux besoins des enseignants. Les résultats ont vérifié notre hypothèse à savoir que la formation proposée pouvait couvrir les besoins des enseignants et les aider à faire face aux nouveaux défis éducatifs. Le discours des enseignants a cependant révélé que le contexte éducatif ne permet pas toujours d’appliquer en classe les savoirs acquis pendant la formation initiale. / The new paradigm of plurilingual and intercultural education that is being promoted at European level, as well as the incorporation of communication technology in teaching of languages, re-define the role of the languages’ teacher and in consequence influence the content of his/her education. In this study our initial hypotheses address the possible influence of the European educational and linguistic policy on the initial education of the languages’ teacher in Greece. We advanced to an analysis of the study programs of Greek foreign language departments under the prism of the European proposals and their implementation in Greece. Initially, the research revealed a big differentiation among programs of education of future teachers. We found that the majority follows the axes being proposed at European level and that efforts focus mainly on the relevance between theory and practice. We also carried out a quantitative and qualitative research in order to determine the convictions of languages’ teachers who work in public schools with regard to their initial education and the way they teach. Our aim was to observe in which degree European proposals correspond to the needs of languages’ teachers. The results confirmed our initial hypotheses that the education being proposed could cover the needs of teachers and help them face the new educational challenges. However, their testimonies revealed that the environment they work in does not always allow the application of what they have learned during their education. / Η πολυγλωσσική και διαπολιτισμική εκπαίδευση που προωθείται σε ευρωπαϊκό επίπεδο καθώς και η ενσωμάτωση των τεχνολογιών της επικοινωνίας στην διδασκαλία των γλωσσών επαναπροσδιορίζουν τον ρόλο του εκπαιδευτικού γλωσσών και κατά συνέπεια επηρεάζουν το περιεχόμενο της εκπαίδευσης του. Σε αυτή την έρευνα εξετάζουμε τις πιθανές επιρροές της ευρωπαϊκής εκπαιδευτικής και γλωσσικής πολιτικής στην αρχική εκπαίδευση των εκπαιδευτικών γλωσσών στην Ελλάδα. Προχωρήσαμε σε μία ανάλυση των προγραμμάτων σπουδών των οκτώ ελληνικών τμημάτων γλωσσών υπό το πρίσμα των ευρωπαϊκών προτάσεων και της εφαρμογής τους στην Ελλάδα. Η έρευνα μας αποκάλυψε αρχικά την μεγάλη διαφοροποίηση των προγραμμάτων εκπαίδευσης των μελλοντικών καθηγητών και την εναρμόνιση τους με τους αξονες που προτείνονται σε ευρωπαϊκό επίπεδο. Η ποσοτική και ποιοτική έρευνα που διεξήγαμε μας επέτρεψε να δούμε τις πεποιθήσεις των καθηγητών αγγλικών, γαλλικών, γερμανικών και ιταλικών για την αρχική τους εκπαίδευση και την σχέση και την σχέση αυτής με τον τρόπο που κάνουν μάθημα. Συνολικά 147 καθηγητές γλωσσών απάντησαν στα ερωτηματολόγια και 30 ακόμη συμμετείχαν στις συνεντεύξεις. Ο σκοπός μας ήταν να παρατηρήσουμε τον βαθμό που οι ευρωπαϊκές προτάσεις ανταποκρίνονται στις ανάγκες των καθηγητών γλωσσών. Τα αποτελέσματα επιβεβαίωσαν τις αρχικές μας υποθέσεις ότι η εκπαίδευση που προτείνεται θα μπορούσε να καλύψει τις ανάγκες των καθηγητών και να τους βοηθήσει να αντιμετωπίσουν τις νέες εκπαιδευτικές προκλήσεις. Ωστόσο οι μαρτυρίες των καθηγητών αποκάλυψαν ότι το περιβάλλον μέσα στο οποίο εργάζονται δεν επιτρέπει πάντοτε την εφαρμογή των γνώσεων που απέκτησαν κατά την διάρκεια της εκπαίδευσης τους.