Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-05-14T17:20:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 processo_formacao.pdf: 549770 bytes, checksum: 43a9402d794fe1765c56d3633a8400a0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T17:20:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 processo_formacao.pdf: 549770 bytes, checksum: 43a9402d794fe1765c56d3633a8400a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-13 / Nenhuma / O presente estudo objetivou responder, essencialmente, a seguinte questão: Como professoras atuantes nas 4ª Séries do Ensino Fundamental se constituíram professoras e quais as implicações disto em sua prática docente? Na busca de respostas a essa questão, formulo os seguintes objetivos: Compreender a trajetória formativa e o constituir-se professor destas professoras, buscando analisar a especificidade ou não de saberes próprios de ser professor das séries iniciais, da 4ª Série especialmente; identificar a origem e a natureza dos saberes adquirido-construídos por esses professores pesquisados e identificar a implicação (ou não) desses saberes/dessa formação nas práticas docentes dessas educadoras. As interlocutoras desta pesquisa são três professoras que atuam na quarta série, em escola pública estadual, todas com mais de 20 anos de experiência docente. Optei por ouvir as professoras da 4ª Série do Ensino Fundamental, por considerar importante este momento de passagem para a segunda etapa do Ensino Fundamental, de 5ª a 8ª Série onde os professores apresentam características diferenciadas em relação às outras séries. A pesquisa está centrada numa abordagem qualitativa e buscou compreender a trajetória formativa dos docentes pesquisados. Os autores que constituem a fundamentação teórica e com os quais dialoguei, juntamente com as narrativas dos sujeitos da pesquisa, foram: Paulo Freire, Terezinha Azerêdo Rios, Selma Garrido Pimenta, Maurice Tardif, Antonio Nóvoa, Ecléa Bosi, Magda Soares, Nilda Paiva Alves, Mario Sérgio Cortella, Carlos Rodrigues Brandão, Maria Cecília de Souza Minayo, Mario Osório Marques, Carlos Marcelo Garcia, Pedrinho Guareschi, José Alberto Correia e Serge Moscovici. Foi possível perceber que a aprendizagem da docência não é um processo homogêneo, na medida em que, cada professor desenvolve certa maneira de ser e pensar a profissão docente, tendo como referência o processo de apropriação frente às experiências vivenciadas nos diferentes contextos formativos com os quais teve contato. O exercício da docência nas séries iniciais e, de forma especial, nas 4ª séries, exige do professor habilidades e saberes ligados especialmente ao ensino integrado, aos vínculos afetivos e a sensibilidade para auxiliar o aluno na passagem entre a unidocência e multidocência; a continuidade do processo de alfabetização e de instrumentalização, para que o aluno lide com o universo do mundo escrito, precisa ser associado a hábitos de organização, com um forte estímulo a autonomia. Estes saberes destacados pelas interlocutoras são construídos essencialmente em sua prática docente, embora reconheçam sua formação acadêmica como essencial. A compreensão sobre o fazer e pensar docente implica na análise dos fatores e eventos que neles influenciam, evidenciando a relevância de estudos acerca das trajetórias formativas, na medida em que, possibilitam uma aproximação com os desejos, angústias, sentimentos e valores, saberes e fazeres que são constituintes do agir/pensar/sentir docente, que foram/são construídos/reconstruídos nos diferentes tempos/espaços formativos. / The current study aims to answer essentially the following questions, "How do performing teachers of 4th grades of Basic School putting themselves together as teachers?" And "What the involvement of that on their teaching practice?" On the searching of answers from those questions, you make the following aims, understanding the graduating course and be a teacher of those teachers, inquiring to analyse the specificiment or noto f proper knowledges of being a teacher from First Classes orespecially of Four_Grade; identifying the origem and the nature of knowledges acquired-built by those researched teachers and to identify the involvement (or not) those lnowledges/that formation of the teaching practices of those educators. The interlocutors of that research are (three) teachers that perform in the Four_Grade on State School, all of them with more than twenty years of tesching experience. One decided for listening teachers from Fourth Grades of basic School for considering this moment important on passing to the second stage from fifth to eighth grade of Basic School, where teachers have showm different qualities in respect to the other classes. The research is centralized in a qualitative approach and hás investigated to understand the graduating course of the researching teachers. It was possible to realize that reading of teaching its not a homogeneous proceeding, as each teacher develop a certainly way of being thinking the teaching profession, having as reference the proceeding of appropriation before being experiences different instructive contexts. Practice of teaching in the First grades and essentially in the Fourth Grades, demand of the skills and knwoledges link particulary to Integral Education with affective chains and the sensibility to helping the pupil through the change between the uniteaching and multiteaching; the continuity of the proceeding of the teaching of reading and instrumentaliation in order to the pupil deal with the universe of the worlds written, He needs to get into the habito f organization, with a strong encouragement to autonomy. These Knwoledges emphasized by the the interlocutors are built essentialy in their teaching practices, although they admit their academic backgroud as essential. The umderstanding about doing and teaching think involve to analyse factors, and events and their influences, evidencing the importance of studuing about formative courses as they make possible an approach with wishes, and anguishes, and feelings and worths, and knowledges and doings that are membres of the act/think feels teeaching, that were/are built/rebuilt in different formative times/spaces.

Le système scolaire français est en passe de réussir à mener près de 80% d’une classe d’âge jusqu’au niveau du baccalauréat. Cependant, cette démocratisation du système ne doit pas occulter la persistance de certaines inégalités. Le niveau du lycée semble être le lieu et le moment où certaines des ces inégalités se cristallisent. Le propos de ce travail est de montrer, dans un premier temps, que ces inégalités s’accroissent au lycée et en particulier au cours de l’année de seconde, qu’aux inégalités d’accès, s’ajoutent des inégalités de réussite. Dans un second temps, ce travail s’attachera à montrer que les pratiques d’enseignement, différentes d’un type de lycée à un autre, peuvent expliquer l’accroissement des ces inégalités. La première étude portera sur l’évolution des inégalités de réussite en mathématiques entre les élèves d’un lycée professionnel, ceux d’un lycée technique et ceux d’un lycée général. L’étude des progressions des élèves en fonction de leur classement initial montrera que les élèves n’ont pas les mêmes chances de réussite selon le type d’établissement dans lequel ils sont scolarisés. La deuxième étude portera sur les pratiques et les discours de 10 enseignants de trois établissements différents : LP, LT et LG. Une analyse quantitative et qualitative de leurs discours, en entretien et en classe, et de leur pratique nous permettra de caractériser ces dernières eu regard du lieu d’enseignement et de mettre ainsi en évidence ce que l’on peut appeler un habitus professionnel. / Nearly 80% of a class age is to be taken as far as the baccalauréat by the French Educational School System. Yet, this democratization of the system should not hide the persistence of certain inequalities. It seems indeed, that some school inequalities crystallize at school. That’s why this work will aim at showing, at first, that these inequalities increase during the 1st year of high school (our seconde). Moreover, inequalities of access come on top of inequalities of success. Then, it will be demonstrated in that work that teaching methods (different from one school to another), could as well explain the increase of inequalities. The first study will mainly deal with the evolution of the success inequalities in mathematics between general, technical and professional French high schools. It will be demonstrated as well that pupils don’t have the same opportunities according to their initial rank and according to the school they’re in. The second study will deal with the teaching methods and interviews of 10 teachers, from different types of high schools (LP, LT, LG). A quantitative and qualitative analysis of their speech and practices through their interviews and during the class will help characterize their practices according to the place they teach. It will thus help highlighting what could be called a professional habitus.