The subject matter of this master thesis is the introduction to the claims reserving methodology applied in the general insurance with the focus on the agragated data represented in the form of triangle schemes. First the basic deterministic methods are to be presented including the Chain ladder method as the most known and widely used tool in claims reserving. Next we will concentrate on the stochastic approaches. The method of bootstrapping is to be described more in detail as it is the main topic of this thesis. Finally the accuracy of the prediction of several specific models and algorithms is to be examined with the goal of their overall comparison (using randomly generated input data).

This thesis is devoted to the financial analysis of insurance company Slavia in 2008 - 2011. At first it deals with general financial analysis used for non-financial companies. After that it mentions differences in the management of insurance companies from other companies and characterizes the field of insurance industry and risks, which carries insurance company. The thesis also uses the methodology applied for the insurance industry by agency Standard & Poor's. After a short introduction of insurance company it takes a turn the analysis of the development of the Czech insurance market at non-life insurance field. Finally, it comes itself application of the methodology of financial analysis adjusted for specifics in insurance industry.

The subject of the diploma thesis is a financial analysis of a commercial insurance company for the period from the year 2004 to 2008. The financial analysis is produced on the basis of publicly available data. The first part of the diploma thesis is focused on theoretical aspects of financial analysis of an insurance company, specific activities of insurance companies and indicators used in the financial analysis of insurance company. The second part of the diploma thesis is a practical part, where financial analysis of selected company is realized by means and indicators described in the teoretical part. The conclusion sums up the results and findings of the thesis.

This document mainly deals with financial placing of an insurance company. First it wrote about insurance and next about assets of insurance company generally. After it wrote about financial placing in commercial insurance company according to Czech law and according to IFRS. It includes also a practical example , how to change from czech law to IFRS influenced balance-sheet of an insurance company.

One of the main and crucial activities of an insurance company is to determine amount of technical reserves to be generated. If the insurance company performs in the non-life insurance branch, it focuses first of all on loss reserve which is generated to settle debts coming from insurance claims. To set the proper amount of this reserve, especially of the reserve on incurred but not reported losses (IBNR), mathematical and statistical methods are used. This thesis introduces one of the most used methods which is the chain ladder method. It presents the first chain ladder deterministic model then moves to its stochastic extension in a form of Mack's model and finally gets to the Munich chain ladder model, which takes into calculations not only data on losses paid but also losses incurred. In the theoretical part both these models (standard Mack's chain ladder and Munich chain ladder) are presented both separately and in a common context so that later in the analytical section they could be demonstrated on real data.

O objetivo principal desta tese foi de verificar se as variáveis contábeis resultado líquido contábil, os accruals e os fluxos de caixa operacionais divulgados (FCOs) possuem capacidade de prever fluxos de caixa operacionais das empresas do mercado segurador brasileiro reguladas pela Susep. Adicionalmente foi verificado qual das três variáveis contábeis foi a mais eficiente na previsão, bem como se os accruals conseguem incrementar a capacidade preditiva dos FCOs. Foram analisadas 2.876 demonstrações contábeis semestrais divulgadas por 200 empresas relativas ao período iniciado em 30 de junho de 2005 e terminado em 31 de dezembro de 2013. A base de dados é original. As empresas foram segregadas em cinco segmentos (seguradoras, resseguradoras, sociedades de capitalização, entidades abertas de previdência complementar sem fins lucrativos (EAPCs) e empresas de vida e previdência), em função de suas especificidades. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e análise de dados em painel para verificar a relação existente entre as variáveis. Percebeu-se que as entradas e saídas de caixa provenientes das aplicações financeiras das empresas (resgates e aplicações) são alocadas na Demonstração dos Fluxos de Caixa (DFC) como atividades operacionais e não como de investimentos. Diante deste fato, os procedimentos estatísticos aplicados aos FCOs também foram aplicados aos fluxos de caixa operacionais modificados (MODs), os quais contemplam a reclassificação das movimentações das aplicações financeiras das atividades operacionais para as atividades de investimentos da DFC. A finalidade de também testar o MOD foi de verificar se o mesmo é mais adequado do que o atualmente divulgado (FCO) e se há melhora na sua capacidade preditiva. Os resultados da previsão dos FCOs mostram que as seguintes variáveis contábeis possuem capacidade de prever FCOs do período subsequente, em cada segmento: (a) as três variáveis, nas empresas de vida e previdência e nas seguradoras; (b) o resultado líquido contábil e o FCO, nas resseguradoras; (c) o resultado líquido contábil, nas sociedades de capitalização; e (d) nenhuma variável contábil, nas EAPCs. Os resultados mostram que somente nas empresas de vida e previdência os accruals incrementam a capacidade preditiva do FCO. Quanto ao preditor mais eficiente, os resultados apresentados apontam que o resultado líquido contábil foi mais eficiente nas resseguradoras e nas sociedades de capitalização e os accruals foram mais eficientes nas seguradoras e nas empresas de vida e previdência. A análise dos resultados dos MODs mostram, para cada segmento: (a) quais variáveis possuem capacidade de prever MOD no período subsequente; (b) qual variável foi mais eficiente para prever MOD; e (c) se os accruals incrementam a capacidade preditiva de MOD. Conclui-se que, apesar de distintos resultados entre os segmentos, as variáveis contábeis possuem capacidade preditiva, confirmando entendimentos do FASB e do IASB de que a informação contábil é relevante, pois é capaz de fazer a diferença nas decisões tomadas pelos usuários. Adicionalmente é entendimento do autor desta tese de que as entradas e saídas de caixa proveniente das aplicações financeiras dessas empresas deveriam ser alocadas nas atividades de investimento da DFC. / The main objective of this dissertation was to verify if the accounting variables: earnings, accruals and operating cash flows (FCOs) have the capacity to predict operating cash flows of the companies of the Brazilian insurance market regulated by SUSEP. Additionally, was checked which of the 3 (three) accounting variables was most efficient in the forecast and if the accruals can help to increase the predictive ability of FCOs. 2.876 financial statements were analyzed that were released by 200 companies for the semiannual period beginning on June 30, 2005 and ended December 31, 2013. The database is original. The companies were separated by 5 (five) segments (insurers, reinsurers, capitalization companies, not for profit open private pension entities (EAPCs) and life and pension companies), according to their specificities. Descriptive analysis and panel data analysis were performed to verify relationship between the variables. It was noticed that the cash inflows and outflows from financial investments companies (redemptions and applications) are allocated in the Statements of Cash Flows (DFC) as operating activities and not as investing. Due to this fact, the statistical procedures applied at the FCOs were also applied at modified operating cash flows (MODs), which include the reclassification of movement of financial investments of operating activities for the investing activities of DFC. The purpose to also test the MOD was to verify if it is more appropriate than the currently released (FCO) and if there is any improvement in their predictive ability. The results of FCOs forecasts show that the following accounting variables have the ability to predict FCOs of the subsequent period, in each segment: (a) the 3 (three) variables in the life and pension companies and insurers; (b) the earnings and the FCO in reinsurers; (c) the earnings in capitalization companies; and (d) none of the accounting variables in EAPCs. The results show only in life and pension companies the accruals increment the predictive ability of FCO. As the most efficient predictor, the results show that the earnings was more efficient for reinsurers and the capitalization companies and accruals were more efficient in insurance and in life and pension companies. The results of MODs show, for each segment: (a) which variables have the ability to predict MOD in the subsequent period; (b) which variable was more efficient to predict MOD; and (c) if the accruals increment the predictive ability of MOD. It follows that, although different results between the segments, the accounting variables have predictive ability, confirming understanding of the FASB and IASB that the accounting information is relevant, because it can make a difference in the decisions made by users. Additionally it is the understanding of the author of this dissertation that the cash inflows and outflows from financial investments of these companies should be allocated in investing activities of DFC.

O objetivo principal desta tese foi de verificar se as variáveis contábeis resultado líquido contábil, os accruals e os fluxos de caixa operacionais divulgados (FCOs) possuem capacidade de prever fluxos de caixa operacionais das empresas do mercado segurador brasileiro reguladas pela Susep. Adicionalmente foi verificado qual das três variáveis contábeis foi a mais eficiente na previsão, bem como se os accruals conseguem incrementar a capacidade preditiva dos FCOs. Foram analisadas 2.876 demonstrações contábeis semestrais divulgadas por 200 empresas relativas ao período iniciado em 30 de junho de 2005 e terminado em 31 de dezembro de 2013. A base de dados é original. As empresas foram segregadas em cinco segmentos (seguradoras, resseguradoras, sociedades de capitalização, entidades abertas de previdência complementar sem fins lucrativos (EAPCs) e empresas de vida e previdência), em função de suas especificidades. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e análise de dados em painel para verificar a relação existente entre as variáveis. Percebeu-se que as entradas e saídas de caixa provenientes das aplicações financeiras das empresas (resgates e aplicações) são alocadas na Demonstração dos Fluxos de Caixa (DFC) como atividades operacionais e não como de investimentos. Diante deste fato, os procedimentos estatísticos aplicados aos FCOs também foram aplicados aos fluxos de caixa operacionais modificados (MODs), os quais contemplam a reclassificação das movimentações das aplicações financeiras das atividades operacionais para as atividades de investimentos da DFC. A finalidade de também testar o MOD foi de verificar se o mesmo é mais adequado do que o atualmente divulgado (FCO) e se há melhora na sua capacidade preditiva. Os resultados da previsão dos FCOs mostram que as seguintes variáveis contábeis possuem capacidade de prever FCOs do período subsequente, em cada segmento: (a) as três variáveis, nas empresas de vida e previdência e nas seguradoras; (b) o resultado líquido contábil e o FCO, nas resseguradoras; (c) o resultado líquido contábil, nas sociedades de capitalização; e (d) nenhuma variável contábil, nas EAPCs. Os resultados mostram que somente nas empresas de vida e previdência os accruals incrementam a capacidade preditiva do FCO. Quanto ao preditor mais eficiente, os resultados apresentados apontam que o resultado líquido contábil foi mais eficiente nas resseguradoras e nas sociedades de capitalização e os accruals foram mais eficientes nas seguradoras e nas empresas de vida e previdência. A análise dos resultados dos MODs mostram, para cada segmento: (a) quais variáveis possuem capacidade de prever MOD no período subsequente; (b) qual variável foi mais eficiente para prever MOD; e (c) se os accruals incrementam a capacidade preditiva de MOD. Conclui-se que, apesar de distintos resultados entre os segmentos, as variáveis contábeis possuem capacidade preditiva, confirmando entendimentos do FASB e do IASB de que a informação contábil é relevante, pois é capaz de fazer a diferença nas decisões tomadas pelos usuários. Adicionalmente é entendimento do autor desta tese de que as entradas e saídas de caixa proveniente das aplicações financeiras dessas empresas deveriam ser alocadas nas atividades de investimento da DFC. / The main objective of this dissertation was to verify if the accounting variables: earnings, accruals and operating cash flows (FCOs) have the capacity to predict operating cash flows of the companies of the Brazilian insurance market regulated by SUSEP. Additionally, was checked which of the 3 (three) accounting variables was most efficient in the forecast and if the accruals can help to increase the predictive ability of FCOs. 2.876 financial statements were analyzed that were released by 200 companies for the semiannual period beginning on June 30, 2005 and ended December 31, 2013. The database is original. The companies were separated by 5 (five) segments (insurers, reinsurers, capitalization companies, not for profit open private pension entities (EAPCs) and life and pension companies), according to their specificities. Descriptive analysis and panel data analysis were performed to verify relationship between the variables. It was noticed that the cash inflows and outflows from financial investments companies (redemptions and applications) are allocated in the Statements of Cash Flows (DFC) as operating activities and not as investing. Due to this fact, the statistical procedures applied at the FCOs were also applied at modified operating cash flows (MODs), which include the reclassification of movement of financial investments of operating activities for the investing activities of DFC. The purpose to also test the MOD was to verify if it is more appropriate than the currently released (FCO) and if there is any improvement in their predictive ability. The results of FCOs forecasts show that the following accounting variables have the ability to predict FCOs of the subsequent period, in each segment: (a) the 3 (three) variables in the life and pension companies and insurers; (b) the earnings and the FCO in reinsurers; (c) the earnings in capitalization companies; and (d) none of the accounting variables in EAPCs. The results show only in life and pension companies the accruals increment the predictive ability of FCO. As the most efficient predictor, the results show that the earnings was more efficient for reinsurers and the capitalization companies and accruals were more efficient in insurance and in life and pension companies. The results of MODs show, for each segment: (a) which variables have the ability to predict MOD in the subsequent period; (b) which variable was more efficient to predict MOD; and (c) if the accruals increment the predictive ability of MOD. It follows that, although different results between the segments, the accounting variables have predictive ability, confirming understanding of the FASB and IASB that the accounting information is relevant, because it can make a difference in the decisions made by users. Additionally it is the understanding of the author of this dissertation that the cash inflows and outflows from financial investments of these companies should be allocated in investing activities of DFC.

The subject of the diploma thesis is financial analysis of Fire Mutual Insurance Company from the year 2004 to 2008. The thesis consists of two parts- theoretical part and practical part. The theoretical part describes acceptable methods of financial analysis of commercial insurance company. On the basis of specific activities of insurance companies are selected the typical indicators for insurance company. The practical part of the thesis is focused on the application of selected methods of financial analysis for the Fire Mutual Insurance Company.

The aim of the thesis The role of independent loss adjusters in the insurance market is to analyze various situations and cases, that the independent loss adjusters during their praxis solve, and clarify procedures, including calculations of insurance settlement. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part focuses on the specifics of the insurance and technical reserves. Thesis also describes job content of the independent loss adjusters including all the aspects, that are associated with it. The practical part deals with real situations with fictitious names and data.

The topic of this diploma thesis is the taxation issue in insurance which represents the specific sector of economy. The insurance helps people to deal with the financial consequencies of the realization of the random event. The first part of the thesis consists of taxation matter from the insurance company point of view. The main part focuses on the technical reserves which are the largest part of the liabilities. Consequently the attention is turned to the clients of the insurance companies and their employers In this part it is suitable to present the taxation principles of the natural person, the taxation of indemnity and the advantages resulting from the life insurance. The next chapter deals with the possible future developement and with the present situation on the insurance market. The thesis is completed with a practical example which concentrates on the taxation in 3 predefined situations.