Submitted by Edineia Teixeira (edineia.teixeira@unioeste.br) on 2018-03-07T19:42:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Thalyta_Basso2017.pdf: 3796237 bytes, checksum: d1ec6e9511427a7af0fbfdd055261c28 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-07T19:42:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Thalyta_Basso2017.pdf: 3796237 bytes, checksum: d1ec6e9511427a7af0fbfdd055261c28 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-17 / One of the biggest concerns in the contemporary world is the overuse of electricity. Along with that, in the last few years, the growth of investment in the sector of wind and solar power generation has stood out, which has contributed to supply for the needs faced by Brazil due to unfavorable hydrological conditions, which impair the production in the water power plants. Thus, a study was done on the technical and economic feasibility of the implantation of a small wind powerhouse in a grain warehouse, located in São João do Oeste, district of Cascavel-PR, to supply the power needs of such a building. Based on data provided by SIMEPAR, for every 10 meters of height, the annual/daily average of wind speed in the area was 4,12 m/s, the average temperature was 20,4 ºC and the average air pressure was 937,81 hPa, considering the last 5 years of measuring. Through the technical analysis and the cost survey, the decision was taken to use 3 turbines of 80 kW of power, at 30 meters of height, which would supply about 80% of the power needs in the place, generating credit in the months of low consume to be used in the months of higher use. However, the budget also proved to be unfeasible by the Net Present Value Method, the Internal Rate of Return and the Deducted Pay-Back as well, determining that at the end of the useful life of the turbines, the investment wouldn’t have been paid and it would be necessary to change the equipment, creating a debt over debt for the investor. Comparing the cost of such an investment in Brazil to other countries, a variation of 529% was observed, and the Brazilian cost for the system adopted is R$25.625,00/kW, while the foreign average is R$4.843,34/kW; Such a difference could be related to importation rate, taxes, reduced popularization and the competition between suppliers in Brazil / Uma das questões mais preocupantes no mundo contemporâneo é o uso demasiado de energia elétrica. Aliado a isso, nos últimos anos, tem se destacado o crescimento de investimentos nos setores de geração solar e eólica, que tem contribuído para suprir as dificuldades enfrentadas pelo Brasil com as condições hidrológicas desfavoráveis, que prejudicam a produção pelas hidrelétricas. Assim, realizou-se um estudo de viabilidade técnica e econômica da implantação de uma pequena central geradora eólica em uma unidade armazenadora e beneficiadora de grãos, situada em São João do Oeste, distrito de Cascavel-PR, para suprir as necessidades energéticas dessa edificação. Com base nos dados obtidos com o SIMEPAR, para 10 metros de altura, a média anual diária da velocidade do vento no local foi de 4,12 m/s, a temperatura média de 20,4 ºC e a pressão atmosférica média de 937,81 hPa, considerando-se os últimos 5 anos de medições. Por meio de análise técnica e do levantamento de custos, optou-se por utilizar 3 turbinas de 80 kW de potência, a 30 metros de altura, que supririam cerca de 80% das necessidades energéticas da unidade, gerando créditos nos meses de baixo consumo para serem compensados nos meses de maior utilização energética. Porém, o orçamento mostrou-se inviável pelo Método do Valor Presente Líquido, da Taxa Interna de Retorno e também do Pay-Back Descontado, determinando que ao final da vida útil das turbinas, o investimento ainda não teria sido pago e haveria necessidade de troca dos equipamentos, gerando dívida sobre dívida para o investidor. Comparando-se o custo do referido investimento no Brasil com valores de outros países, observou-se uma variação de 529%, sendo que o custo brasileiro para o sistema adotado resulta em R$25.625,00/kW, enquanto a média estrangeira é de R$4.843,34/kW, podendo essa diferença ter relação com a taxa de importação, impostos e reduzida popularização e concorrência entre empresas fornecedoras no Brasil

Les procédés de captage de CO2 par absorption chimique engendrent une importante pénalité énergétique sur la production électrique des centrales à charbon, constituant un des principaux verrous technologiques au déploiement de la filière. L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer et valider une méthodologie à même d'évaluer précisément le potentiel d'un procédé de captage aux amines donné. La phénoménologie de l'absorption chimique a été étudiée en détail et représentée par des modèles à l'état de l'art. Le modèle e-UNIQUAC a été utilisé pour décrire les équilibres chimiques et de phases des solutions électrolytiques et les paramètres du modèle ont été régressés pour quatre solvants. Un modèle hors-équilibre a été utilisé pour représenter le transfert couplé de matière et de chaleur, accéléré par les réactions chimiques. Les modèles ont été validés avec succès sur des données expérimentales d'un pilote industriel et d'un pilote de laboratoire. L'influence des phénomènes sur les efficacités de séparation a été explicitée afin d'isoler les phénomènes les plus impactants. Une méthodologie a alors été proposée pour évaluer la pénalité énergétique, incluant les consommations thermiques et électriques, liée à l'installation d'un procédé de captage sur une centrale à charbon supercritique. Une méthode d'estimation du coût de l'électricité est proposée pour quantifier les dépenses opératoires et d'investissement d'un tel procédé. L'environnement de simulation et d'évaluation de procédés obtenu a ensuite été couplé à une méthode d'optimisation afin de déterminer les paramètres opératoires et les dimensions des équipements maximisant les performances énergétiques et économiques / CO2 capture processes by chemical absorption lead to a large energy penalty on efficiency of coal-fired power plants, establishing one of the main bottleneck to its industrial deployment. The objective of this thesis is the development and validation of a global methodology, allowing the precise evaluation of the potential of a given amine capture process. Characteristic phenomena of chemical absorption have been thoroughly studied and represented with state-of-the-art models. The e-UNIQUAC model has been used to describe vapor-liquid and chemical equilibria of electrolyte solutions and the model parameters have been identified for four solvents. A rate-based formulation has been adopted for the representation of chemically enhanced heat and mass transfer in columns. The absorption and stripping models have been successfully validated against experimental data from an industrial and a laboratory pilot plants. The influence of the numerous phenomena has been investigated in order to highlight the most limiting ones. A methodology has been proposed to evaluate the total energy penalty resulting from the implementation of a capture process on an advanced supercritical coal-fired power plant, including thermal and electric consumptions. Then, the simulation and process evaluation environments have been coupled with a non-linear optimization algorithm in order to find optimal operating and design parameters with respect to energetic and economic performances

Submitted by Alaine Andrade de Morais (alaine.morais@ifrr.edu.br) on 2018-09-24T15:12:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Alaine A M _Dissertação_VF.pdf: 3218283 bytes, checksum: 44f2695cb31f74717ad2dbf2d36313ac (MD5) / Rejected by Pamella Benevides Gonçalves null (pamella@feg.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize correções na submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo Verificar formatação com a equipe da biblioteca. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2018-09-24T18:49:26Z (GMT) / Submitted by Alaine Andrade de Morais (alaine.morais@ifrr.edu.br) on 2018-09-25T14:56:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Alaine A M _Dissertação_VF.pdf: 3218283 bytes, checksum: 44f2695cb31f74717ad2dbf2d36313ac (MD5) Alaine Morais_Diss _2018.pdf: 2197830 bytes, checksum: fc66ae7ff5ca2c404416f1697157e590 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamella Benevides Gonçalves null (pamella@feg.unesp.br) on 2018-09-25T17:46:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 morais_aa_me_guara.pdf: 2476690 bytes, checksum: 58781fa1fc54be106d184f5cc76ccd72 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-25T17:46:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 morais_aa_me_guara.pdf: 2476690 bytes, checksum: 58781fa1fc54be106d184f5cc76ccd72 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-20 / Outra / O transporte escolar rural é considerado, por muitos pesquisadores, um problema complexo, em razão dos altos custos, ineficiência na prestação dos serviços, restrições de segurança, rotas múltiplas e incertezas quanto ao número diário de passageiros, entre outros problemas. Por se tratar de um sistema que exige muitos recursos, seus custos merecem destaque. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir ao planejamento da etapa técnico-financeira do transporte escolar rural do Instituto Federal de Roraima, Campus Novo Paraíso (IFRR/CNP). As rotas típicas do ônibus escolar incluem a coleta dos alunos pela manhã, em diferentes trajetos municipais e intermunicipais, e no final da tarde o retorno pelo mesmo percurso deixando os alunos próximos às suas casas. As dificuldades são várias, como tempo muito longo de deslocamento dos alunos, lugares ociosos nos ônibus alocados ao transporte, custos elevados, entre outros. O método adotado no trabalho foi a pesquisa-ação, sendo qualitativa a forma de abordar o problema, a natureza da pesquisa caracteriza-se como sendo aplicada, e o quanto aos objetivos, caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa descritiva empírico-normativa. Os resultados obtidos com este estudo, mostraram-se relevantes para sua aplicação, uma vez que a sistemática proposta pelo Geipot, permitiu a identificação e simulação dos custos aplicados aos diferentes tipos de veículos, possibilitando a flexibilização na substituição do veículo contratado pelo mais vantajoso, demonstrando eficiência na obtenção dos resultados e nos gastos realizados pela administração pública. Como resultado adicional importante, verificouse que há vantagens e desvantagens no contrato vigente, cabendo ao gestor público a decisão de alterar o contrato / Rural school transport is considered by many researchers, a complex problem due to high costs, inefficiency in providing services, safety restrictions, multiple routes and uncertainties regarding the daily number of passengers, among other problems. Because it is a system that requires a lot of resources, its costs require special mention. In this context, the objective of this work is to contribute to the planning of the technical-financial stage of rural school transportation of the Federal Institute of Roraima, Campus Novo Paraiso (IFRR / CNP). Typical school bus routes include students taking in the morning, in different municipal and intermunicipal routes, and by the end of the afternoon return by the same route leaving students close to their homes. The difficulties are many, such as very long time of student displacement, idle places on buses allocated to transportation, high costs, among others. The method adopted in this work was the action research, being qualitative the way to approach the problem, the nature of the research is characterized as being applied, and the objectives, is characterized as a descriptive empirical-normative research. The results obtained with this study were relevant for its application, since the system proposed by Geipot allowed the identification and simulation of the costs applied to the different types of vehicles, allowing the flexibilization in the replacement of the vehicle contracted by the most advantageous, demonstrating efficiency in obtaining the results and in the expenditures made by the public administration. As an important additional result, it was verified that there are advantages and disadvantages in the current contract, being the public manager the decision to change the contract

This diploma thesis is mainly focused on the digestate thickening in a biogas plant. First, overview of the biogas technology in the Czech Republic is presented. Furthermore, problems with waste heat utilization and processing of fermentation residues (digestate) are described in more detail. Based on the research, multi-stage flash (MSF) evaporation was chosen as the technology for the digestate thickening. The main part deals with the integration of the chosen technology into a biogas plant process. The programming language Python was used to simplify the given task. In the preliminary stage, a complex mathematical model of a biogas plant was created, focusing particularly on the mass and energy balances. Subsequently, a computational model of the MSF evaporator was programmed. A procedure for the integration was suggested using the sensitivity analyses. Additionally, the model of a biogas plant was extended with the MSF evaporator. The key outcome of the thesis is a technical-economic analysis in which the impact of digestate transport price and electricity feed-in tariff on payback period is investigated. The results suggest profitability of MSF evaporator for biogas plants without subsidized feed-in tariff. Contrastingly, installation of MSF evaporator in older biogas plants with subsidized feed-in tariff can be economically viable only in cases of significantly longer transport distances.