AFRIKAANS: Die behoefte aan 'n instrument, om die seksuele kennis, - houding en - gedrag van adolessente te assesseer ten einde 'n teikengerigte seksuele voorligtingsprogram te ontwikkel, is vanuit die literatuur geïdentifiseer. Die doel van hierdie studie was dus om 'n nie-gestandardiseerde maatskaplike assesseringsinstument te ontwikkel wat die seksuele kennis, - houding en - gedrag van adolessente kan assesseer. 'n Kwantitatiewe navorsingsbenadering is gevolg met intervensie navorsing as die soort navorsing ter sprake. Die navorsingsprosedure en werkwyse was aan die hand van Rothman en Thomas (1994:28) se intervensie ontwerp en ontwikkelingsmodel se fases hanteer. Die volgende fases word in die model onderskei: (1) Probleemanalise en projekbeplanning, (2) Insameling van data en sintesevorming, (3) Ontwerp, (4) Vroeë ontwikkeling en voorlopige toetsing, (5) Evaluasie en gevorderde ontwikkeling, en (6) Disseminasie. Dit was van kardinale belang om die studie vanuit 'n spesifieke teoretiese raamwerk te benader. Na aanleiding van die kompleksiteit van seksualiteit is van 'n multi-teoretiese benadering gebruik gemaak. Die egosielkundige teorie van Erikson en die sisteemteorie is gebruik. Die rede waarom die egosielkundige teorie van Erikson hierby ingesluit is, is omdat dit die adolessentefase in konteks plaas binne die totale lewensloop van die mens. Die sisteemteorie verduidelik weer die kompleksiteit van seksualiteit in terme van die verhouding tussen die sisteme, en die elemente binne die adolessentsisteem. Die universum van hierdie studie was graad 8, 9 en 10 leerlinge van twee skole in Pretoria wie se ouers toestemming verleen het om aan die studie deel te neem. Aangesien al die respondente nie by die ondersoek betrek kon word nie, is 'n steekproef van 320 respondente by wyse van 'n proporsioneel gestratifiseerde ewekansige steekproeftrekking gekombineerd met sistemiese steekproeftrekking geselekteer. Die respondente het 'n self¬geadministreerde vraelys (assesseringsinstrument) voltooi. Deur die benutting van die nie-¬gestandardiseerde assesseringsinstrument kon die navorser daarin slaag om 'n profiel van die adolessent se seksuele kennis, - houding en - gedrag saam te stel. Voortspruitend hieruit kon gevolgtrekkings gemaak word, en aan die hand daarvan is aanbevelings gedoen rakende die inhoud van die nie-gestandaardiseerde assesseringsinstrument, die ontwikkeling van moontlike seksuele voorligtingsprogramme, asook verdere navorsing. ENGLISH: The need for an instrument that will assess the sexual knowledge, - attitude and - behaviour of the adolescent which could be used in developing a specific sexual programme for adolescent, was identified. The purpose of this study was therefore to develop a non-standardised social work assessment tool to assess the sexual knowledge, - attitude and - behaviour of the adolescent. A quantitative research approach with intervention research as the type of research was followed. The research procedures that were followed were according to the phases of the intervention design and development model of Rothman and Thomas (1994:28). The following phases can be identified in this model: (1) Problem analyse and project planning, (2) Data gathering and synthesis formulation (3) Design, (4) Early development and pilot testing, (5) Evaluation and advanced development, and (6) Dissemination. It was also important to address the study from a specific theoretical framework. Sexuality is very complex and therefore a multi-theoretical approach was used namely the ego psychological theory of Erikson and the system theory. The theory of Erikson was used due to the fact that it explains adolescence in context of the total life cycle of mankind. The system theory explains the complexity of sexuality in terms of the relationship between systems and the elements of the adolescent as a system. The universum of this study was grade 8, 9 en 10 pupils of two schools in Pretoria whose parents gave permission to participate in this study. Since not all of the respondents could participate in this study, a sample of320 respondents was selected through proportional stratificational random sampling combined with. systematic sampling. The respondents completed a self-administered questionnaire (assessment tool). The result of the utilisation of this non-standardised social work assessment tool was a profile of the adolescent's sexual knowledge, - attitude and - behaviour. Conclusions were made and resulted in recommendations regarding the content of this non-standardised social work assessment tool, the development of possible sexual programmes for adolescents, and further research that could be conducted in future. / Dissertation (MA (Social Work))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

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Research shows that low levels of social acceptance, body satisfaction, and athletic competence increase risks for depressive symptoms among both girls and boys (Harter, Marold, & Whitesell, 1992). Little is known, however, about factors that can mediate these risks. To better understand how sports involvement may mediate risks for depressive symptoms, this study uses a multivariate structural model to examine how the qualitative nature of team sports involvement operates to influence risks for depressive symptoms. Participants were 455 students from a high school in a moderately-sized city. Girls reported lower mean levels of body satisfaction and athletic engagement and tended have higher levels of depressive symptoms. No sex differences were observed in experiences of positive team sports involvement. Structural equation modeling showed that the mediating model fit the data well. Implications for community- and school-based sports programs are discussed.

M.Ed. / The world today is filled with instability and uncertainty. This is especially true to South Africa. Many experience difficult circumstances, and sometimes struggle to work through these negative and destructive motions. The meaning in life is something that most people start to explore at a young age (Kinnier, Kernes, Tribbensee & Puymbroeck 2006:7). People have searched for the answers in many places and in doing so, have sometimes experienced more harm than good. Ultimately, not finding meaning in life can be detrimental to a person's mental health. Much earlier, researchers such as Bollnow (1950), Garbers (1957), and others have researched this phenomenon in Europe, especially after the Second World War. However, not much research has been done in the field of late adolescents in the South African context. The purpose of this research study was to provide psycho-educational guidelines for late adolescents, to clarify what their meaning in life is. This can sometimes be a difficult concept to explore, as not all people have certainty of what gives them meaning. This is why a purposive selection of participants was chosen. These participants were between the ages of 18 and 24 years. All of them should have undergone an existential crisis at least 6 months prior to the study. This, in theory, ensures that the participants were in a place in their lives where they had questioned the meaning in life, and had time to process their findings, if any. One open ended question was asked: "What gives you meaning in your life?" The findings can be summed up as follows: Meaning in life equals relationship.

M.A. / South African teenagers name HIV/AIDS as the top concern facing them. Despite this, a large majority of them believe that they personally are at very low, or no risk for infection (loveLife, 2001). Furthermore, the onset of sexual activity has become progressively earlier, with many teenagers becoming sexually active at around 13-14 years old (Stadler & Hlongwa, 2002). 50% of young people are sexually active by the age of 16 (Eaton, Flisher, & Aaro, 2002). However, only 30% of sexually experienced youth report using a condom every time they have sexual intercourse. Sexually experienced teenagers report that they are most likely to get condoms from clinics, but only 32% have been to a clinic in the past year for sexual health advice or care (loveLife, 2001). In the light of the alarming statistics mentioned above, youth represent an important target group for interventions, particularly those which address and effect changes in attitudes and behavior relating to sexuality. As a large number of children and teenagers attend school, information, skills, as well as values relayed in schools, can therefore have a considerable impact on their lives. Education systems should thoroughly educate children about HIV/AIDS infection, transmission and means of prevention, whilst assisting them to develop the life skills to apply their knowledge and communicate it to others. Programmes should assist in teaching children how to maintain health-enhancing behaviour and change, or avoid health-reducing behaviour (WHO, 1992).

A research questionnaire survey was conducted in Shanghai, China. Based on cluster sampling strategy, 1428 students from nine secondary schools participated in the study. The respondents completed a 123-items questionnaire that measured their daily media practice, perceptions about the three dimensions of sexuality under study, functioning of school, family and friends, and socio-demographic profile. Furthermore, the quantitative survey is supplemented with a qualitative semi-structured interview to adolescents who have participated in the survey study. / In addition, the study indicates that, as factors become more liberal, the more powerfully they affect the formation of sexual identity among adolescents. For school and family, the two conservative agents, a strong impact on the formation of sexuality among teenagers can be made by teachers in school or parents at home by: (a) adoption of a more open attitude towards sexuality issues; (b) active engagement in instructions or counseling about sexuality issues; (c) provision of extensive information about sexuality that adolescents are seeking; (d) creation of a horizontal environment to facilitate the process; and, specifically for school-based sexuality education, (e) adoption of peer-led sexuality education; and (f) limitation of the classes to a small size. / The primary concern of this study is the role of media in affecting the formation of sexuality among adolescents. The aspects of sexuality under study include attitudes towards love and relationships, stereotypes of gender role and standards of attractiveness. The central contention is that the role of media in the formation of sexuality during adolescence can only be fully understood within the context of the adolescent's life experience in school, at home and with friends. / These findings validate the assumption that the role of media in the formation of sexuality among adolescents must be investigated in their life experience in school, at home and with friends. The perceptions of sexuality are the result of a confluence of all of these influential sources. The mutual dependencies among these factors made the adolescent life experience essential for understanding the role of media in teenager sexuality development. This provides support for further examination into media and adolescent sexuality development in a more macro-sociological context. / While as proposed, the media appear to be strong predictors of adolescent perceptions of sexuality; this is interrelated with other influential factors like school, family and friends in important ways. For the path to influence, media can affect these perceptions directly and intermediately through the effects on family and friends as well. For the direction of influence, media impact would be strengthened by that of friends but weakened by those of school and family. These findings were illustrated in a structural equation model, which also demonstrated significant associations between the perceptions about sexuality and influential factors other than media, including school, family and friends. By comparing the respective contribution of all of these factors, it was found that friends have the greatest role in shaping adolescent perceptions of sexuality, while media have the second strongest. Both of these are much stronger predictors than are school or family. / Tong, Fei. / Adviser: Joseph Man Chan. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-06, Section: A, page: 1825. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 239-264). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Thesis (M. A.) -- University of Limpopo, 2018 / The study sought to provide deeper understanding on access to contraceptives by female teenagers. The aim of this study was to explore the challenges faced by female teenagers in accessing contraceptives at Byldrift Clinic, Malatane Village, Capricorn District of Limpopo Province. Qualitative research method was applied in the study. The study utilised case study research design. Purposive sampling was used to select participants. Face to face interviews were conducted with ten (10) female teenagers. The age of participants ranges from 15 years to 19 years. Thematic Analysis was used to analyse data. The negative attitude of healthcare providers was cited as a challenge for teenagers accessing contraceptives, however other participants cited positive attitude of healthcare providers. The experience of side effects, parents and partners were cited as major challenges experienced while using contraceptives. The problem of inaccessibility remains a challenge in public health facilities; participants reported long waiting times, long distance to get to the clinic, shortage of staff, lack of confidentiality and lack of proper infrastructure. Most participants indicated that they discuss contraception with their peers, therefore peer influence remains an influential factor in accessing contraceptives. The study recommended that healthcare providers should give the effectiveness rate of the contraceptive method and ways to manage side effects, health facilities need to be more user friendly and that operating hours should be convenient to teenagers who are still schooling. This is evident that young women face challenges in accessing contraceptives. Keywords: Access, challenge, contraceptives, teenagers

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