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An investigation of the association of peer norms and sexual risk-taking behaviour in school-going adolescents in the Durban Metropolitan Area.Kodi, Charlene. January 2009 (has links)
Today’s youth grow up in a world riddled by HIV/AIDS and its devastating effects. In order to prevent HIV infection in youth, there is an ongoing need to understand the influences that place them at risk in order to develop programmes to mediate these influences towards healthy outcomes. Sexual risk behaviors are influenced by various factors ranging from intrapersonal to social normative and contextual/environmental factors. This study focuses on the social normative contextual influences on adolescent sexual risk behaviours in an attempt to understand sexual behaviours, in a sample of school going adolescents from grades nine, ten and eleven, in the Durban Metropolitan area (N=259). This study aimed to examine the relationship, if any, between protective peer norm influences and adolescent sexual behaviour, including sexual risk-taking behaviours, measured by the dimensions of condom use at last sexual encounter, number of sexual partners and age of sexual debut. The findings showed no significant difference in levels of protective peer norms between those who have never engaged in sexual intercourse (primary abstinence) and those that had. The findings did, however, show significantly higher levels of protective peer norm influence regarding safe sexual practices, particularly condom use, among those who reportedly used condoms at their last sexual encounter, confirming that those who practiced safer sex had higher levels of protective peer norm influence. The findings of this study suggest the need for lifeskills programmes to empower youth to challenge social norms that place youth at risk of HIV infection, and further to include interventions to facilitate the renegotiation of peer norms towards health enhancing alternatives, to protect adolescents against sexual risk behaviours. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2009.
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Gender role heuristics used by adolescent boys when negotiating sexual practices of a heterosexual nature.McCain, Candice. January 2009 (has links)
The aim of this study was to ascertain whether or not South African adolescent boys
between the ages of 16 and 18 make use of heuristics when thinking about heterosexual
relationships. Currently, some of the greatest challenges facing South Africa are that of the
HIV/AIDS pandemic and the high rates of violence, especially against women and
children. These issues are closely linked with cognitions about masculinity and the male
and female gender roles in men and boys. The methodology was qualitative and focus
groups were utilized as the method of data collection. The results of this study indicate
that adolescent boys do make use of a variety of heuristics and also engage in the process
of splitting when thinking about heterosexual relationships.
Keywords: Masculinity, adolescents, heuristics, gender roles, heterosexual relationships,
HIV/AIDS / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2009.
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Assessing the high-risk behaviour of first year students entering the University of the Western Cape.Abels, Melissa Dione. January 2007 (has links)
<p>the motivation of this study is to assess the high risk behaviors that contribute to the spread of HIV and AIDS among the youth. The most influential high risk behaviours that contribute to the spread of HIV and AIDS are unprotected sexual intercourse and having more than one sexual partner.The population for this study includes all full time first year students who registered for the first time in 2006 that attended the orientation week. A stratified, sequential random sample was drawn from the students attending the orientation.</p>
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Empowering secondary school learners to explore risk perceptions and the role of gender among young people in the context of HIV/AIDS.Mudaly, Ronicka. January 2006 (has links)
The challenge that confronts South Africa 's emerging democracy is that an increasing percentage of
its population is being infected with HIV/AIDS daily . The socio-political impact of the disease has
resulted in the development of a variety of macro-level interventions. Despite these initiatives, there
has been no decline in the spread of the epidemic. The increasing prevalence of HIV infection
among young South Africans in particular, has necessitated an exploration into their risky sexual
behaviour. A closer study of the social fields of practice, where knowledge is not only produced,
but is constantly contested, negotiated, reproduced and embedded, is suggested.
This study uses the principles of feminist theory to focus on gender roles and the related issues of
power and risky behaviour. The central argument of this work is that the traditional construction of
sexuality, which encourages sexual aggression and promiscuity among young men, alongside
female sexual passivity and ignorance, are gendered factors which fuel the spread of HIV/AIDS . In
order to examine young peoples' perceptions of the role of gender and risky behaviour, I engaged
young people, who were already in the field, to conduct the research.
An exploration into the processes of enabling young people to conduct research, while linking the
production of meaning to the possibility of human agency and transformative social action, formed
an evolving methodology in this work. The research was designed to provide young people with a
space for active engagement, participation, immersion and reflection, en route to becoming researchers. Young researchers who conducted research in their youth communities served as deep insider researchers, who possessed an awareness of the slogan systems and semiotics which operated
within the cultural norms of the community. The young researchers conducted the inquiry by using
a multiplicity of methods, which included visual methodologies, individual interviews and
questionnaires. They solicited most of the data from a wider group of 15 to 19 year old African and
Indian learners . These learners, who were mainly from a lower socio-economic background,
attended the co-educational school, in the province ofKwaZulu Natal in South Africa.
The findings of this study reveal how young researchers become empowered by acquiring increased
competence in doing research and achieving a greater understanding of the influences of gender and power on risky behaviour. The research report offers methodological insights into the training and enablement of young people
as researchers. It reveals how catalytic validity enables a transformation in the young researchers,
who, having achieved a heightened understanding of the purpose of the research , actively
participated in the research process. The study is significant because it reveals the gradual
effacement of the main researcher from the research process, as a natural consequence of engaging
young researchers to solicit, generate and interpret data. These new insights evolved as a result of
taking the risk of allowing oneself, as a main researcher, to "get off track" and to enter uneven
social spaces by doing research differently. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2006.
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An exploration of adolescents knowledge, perceptions and behaviors regarding sexual reproduction and sexual reproductive health services in Botswana.Dingi, Keineetse. January 2009 (has links)
The study aimed to explore adolescents knowledge, perceptions and behaviors regarding sexual reproduction and sexual reproductive health services in community junior school in Tutume Botswana. A descriptive exploratory design using both the qualitative and quantitative approach was used to guide the research process. Data was collected by means of a self administered questionnaire and two focus group discussions. A total of 76 participants answered the questionnaire and 2 focus group discussions one consisting of the 15 to 17 year olds and the other one consisting of 12 to 15 year olds were conducted. The results of the survey highlighted adequate levels of knowledge regarding sexual matters among adolescents in the school with the bulk of the information being provided by the teacher. Parents, nurses, siblings, peers and the media played a low key role in providing adolescents with information regarding sexual reproduction and sexual reproductive health services. The results of the focus group discussion showed marked underutilization of the local clinic for curative, preventive and promotive services by adolescents. The poor utilization resulting mainly from perceived barriers such as provider attitudes, subjective norms, cultural taboos, inadequacy of the clinic, judgmental attitudes from provider and parents as well as lack of encouragement from authority figures like parents and teachers. Adolescents in the focus group discussion perceive themselves as being susceptible to HIV but did not appreciate the benefits of using preventive measures even though the survey group showed sound knowledge on contraception. Improving the services to align them to adolescent friendly services, improving the delivery of information through other means apart from the teacher and reducing the barriers that discourage adolescents from reaching the reproductive health services will go a long way in improving the utilization of the services by adolescents. / Thesis (M.N.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2009.
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Assessing the high-risk behaviour of first year students entering the University of the Western Cape.Abels, Melissa Dione. January 2007 (has links)
<p>the motivation of this study is to assess the high risk behaviors that contribute to the spread of HIV and AIDS among the youth. The most influential high risk behaviours that contribute to the spread of HIV and AIDS are unprotected sexual intercourse and having more than one sexual partner.The population for this study includes all full time first year students who registered for the first time in 2006 that attended the orientation week. A stratified, sequential random sample was drawn from the students attending the orientation.</p>
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A peer counselling psycho-educational programme to facilitate healthy sexual behaviour among late adolescents in informal settlements around GautengMoleli, Lebese Johannes 02 November 2012 (has links)
D.Ed. / This study applied a qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual approach. The purpose of the study was to develop, implement and evaluate a peer counselling psycho-educational programme to facilitate healthy sexual behaviour among late adolescents in informal settlements around Gauteng. Based on the purpose of the study, the objectives of this research were: a) to explore and describe the experiences and challenges related to life threatening behaviour challenges among late adolescents; b) to develop a conceptual framework as basis for a peer counselling psycho-educational programme on peer education to facilitate healthy sexual behaviour among late adolescents in informal settlements; c) to describe a peer counselling psycho-educational programme to facilitate healthy sexual behaviour among late adolescents in informal settlements; d) to formulate guidelines and principles for the implementation of a peer counselling psycho-educational programme to facilitate healthy sexual behaviour among late adolescents in informal settlements; and e) to evaluate this peer counselling psycho-educational programme to facilitate healthy sexual behaviour among late adolescents in informal settlements. To achieve the purpose of this research, the research method followed four phases to develop, implement and evaluate the psycho-educational programme. Phase one was a situational analysis by means of fieldwork. Phase two outlined a conceptual framework for a peer counselling psycho-educational programme that was developed from the results of phase one and the literature. Phase three was the outline of the implementation, and phase four the evaluation of the developed peer counselling psycho-educational programme to facilitate healthy sexual behaviour among late adolescents in informal settlements around Gauteng. ii The researcher sought to understand the targeted area and targeted populations; this exercise helped the researcher to identify and address the research problem and also to gain knowledge on the attitudes, norms, and values, and also the lived experiences, of the targeted community. It gave the researcher an understanding on cultural norms and beliefs and assisted in demarcating the extent of the problem. The importance of this exercise was to help the researcher to know the population demographics and the demarcation of the targeted area, which also assisted with resource allocation. During this situation analysis, the researcher identified the need for the exploration of life threatening sexual behaviour challenges among late adolescents in informal settlements. He identified these young people by observing them during site visits in their communities and also through conversations with them. Therefore, the researcher underwent experiential learning to understand the life threatening sexual behaviour, experiences and problems among late adolescents in informal settlements around Gauteng.
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The value sexual health education in South Africa: a retrospective evaluation by recent matriculantsBlake, Casey January 2016 (has links)
A research report submitted to the University of Witwatersrand, Faculty of Humanities, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Arts
(Coursework and Research Report)
University of the Witwatersrand, 2016 / This research investigated how sex and sexuality is being represented within Sexual Health Education (SHE), as reported by students who completed matric in 2014. Furthermore, this study wanted to investigate how these representations contributed to the perceived value of the SHE. In South Africa, SHE is located within the curriculum of Life Orientation (LO), a compulsory subject through to Grade 12. Despite being compulsory, there is no external moderation for this subject, allowing schools and teachers to decide on the exact content being taught within LO. The theoretical framework of Social Representations Theory (SRT) guided this research. SRT states that our understanding of the world is based on a collection of social representations, accumulated through interactions with the social world. The school environment is a place where social representations are often challenged by new information covered in lessons, as well as in discussions with peers and teachers outside of class. This study was interested in what social representations are being re-presented in the context of SHE. Five focus group discussions were conducted, following a semi-structured interview schedule, informed by the literature review. The sample consisted of first year students at a Johannesburg university, who completed their secondary schooling in 2014. The findings of this study show that South African youth receive vastly different information, some of which is not complete or accurate. Participants felt their SHE failed to assist them in making adult decisions, as there was a sense that vital information was being withheld, and the information that was imparted within SHE was viewed as irrelevant. This was attributed to the societal taboo against speaking openly about topics of sex and sexuality, which was often perpetuated in the ways that sex and sexuality were socially represented within SHE. / MT2017
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Correlates of HIV perceived risks and protective strategies among adolescents in rural Malawi.Manyamba, Christopher. January 2011 (has links)
The study examined correlates of HIV perceived risks and protective strategies among
adolescents in rural Malawi i.e. whether there was an association between socio
demographic characteristics of adolescents and subsequent HIV perceived risks and
protective strategies. Age at sexual debut is a variable of interest in this study. The objectives
were to investigate whether age at first sexual intercourse does influence adolescents’
individual’s risk perceptions of HIV and protective strategies, i.e. does age at first sex set a
precedence in the thinking of adolescentswith regards HIV risks and protective strategies
such as condom use.
Data: This study uses cross sectional data from Wave 3 of a wider study, the Malawi
Diffusion and Ideational Change Project (MDICP).The MDICP is a joint collaboration
between researchers from the Population Studies Centre at the University of Pennsylvania
and the University of Malawi‘s College of Medicine and Chancellor College. In this study, a
multiple regression analysis on the cross sectional data from the 2004 wave 3of the Malawi
Diffusion and Ideational Change Project was done. The focus of this study is on the
relationship between age at first sexual intercourse and the individual‘s perception of risk of
HIV/AIDS and protective strategies, it examines if there is an association between the two
factors.
Descriptive analysis: Descriptive statistics to obtain the frequencies of the main variables of
interest such as the background characteristics of respondents (gender, marital status, mean
age at sexual debut, education, economic status of household) were computed in order to
better understand the population under study.
Multivariate Analysis: Three separate models were employed; two multinomial regression
analysis measuring worry and likelihood of infection against socio demographic variables
and a binary logistic regression measuring condom use and the socio demographic
variables. Relative Risk Ratios were used to interpret the multinomial logistic regression
output while odds ratios were used to interpret the logistic output.
Results: Consistent with existing literature, results indicate that early age at first sex is
a predictor of HIV risk perceptions and protective strategies. Age at first sex does set a
precedence in the future thinking of adolescents with regards to how they perceive HIV risks,
as well as how they perceive protective strategies against HIV-particularly condom use. This
study confirms that age at first sex alongside with other socio demographic variables are
significantly associated with HIV risk perceptions HIV and condom use, while other factors
may matter, such as gender, region, HIV knowledge, religion or educational level.
Limitations: The information on age at first sexual encounter was based exclusively on
respondent’s self–reports. This data collection method often has limitations that are
attributed to the tendency for people to under-report socially unacceptable behaviours (e.g.
having multiple sex partners) and to over-report socially acceptable behavior. The other
limitation is that the study lacks longitudinal data to allow a more in-depth analysis of trends
in HIV/AIDS-related indicators. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.
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Sexual cultures amongst young Indians in Chatsworth.Ramadhin, Rokshma. January 2010 (has links)
In South Africa, HIV and AIDS is a crisis particularly for young women between the ages of
15-24. HIV and AIDS is gendered disease and its spread is heterosexual. The effects of the
disease have led to an increasing examination of what sexual and gendered identities mean
for young people. Using individual and focus-group interviews, this study explores young
people’s sexual cultures amidst the backdrop of HIV and AIDS. It focuses on the ways in
which young Indian men and women (aged 16-17) in a low to middle income context in
Chatsworth, Durban, construct heterosexual relationships. The study explores how this
selected group of learners navigate themselves as sexual subjects in the context of sexual
passions and sexual risk. The study focuses on relationship cultures, sexual risk and the ways
in which gender is constructed in heterosexual relationships. Currently we know very little of
young people’s heterosexual relationships and in particular, we know very little of young
Indian sexualities. In the context of sexual risk taking and broader concerns about sexual
health, young people’s perceptions about sex and sexuality are important. Insight into how
the youth understand gender and sexuality is necessary for addressing educational strategies
in sexuality education, Life Orientation and HIV/AIDS education in South Africa. / Thesis (M.Ed.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.
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