No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Bakgrund: Elektroneurografi (ENeG) är en neurofysiologisk undersökningsmetod som är till för att identifiera olika perifera nervskador som demyelinisering, konduktionsblockering och axonal degeneration. Det är känt att latenstider och nervledningshastigheter kan påverkas vid olika armpositioner, men hur är det med amplituderna? Syftet med studien är att studera om svarspotentialernas amplituder förändras vid vilande armposition samt med armen upphöjd i 90°. Metod: Data samlades in från 33 frivilliga testpersoner för att jämföra två olika metoder att undersöka ulnarisnerven. Nerven stimulerades distalt i handledsnivå och proximalt i sulcus ulnaris med registrering över musculus abductor digiti minimi i vilande armposition samt med armen upphöjd i 90°. Sedan gjordes statistiska beräkningar för att identifiera eventuella skillnader i amplitud och stimuleringsstyrka. Resultat: Det fanns en signifikant skillnad i amplitud när undersökningen utfördes med vilande arm jämfört med när armen var i 90° armposition. Medelvärdet för amplituderna ökade i genomsnitt med en millivolt. Det fanns en signifikant skillnad i stimuleringsstyrka vid distal stimulering men inte vid proximal. Majoriteten av testpersonerna föredrog att bli undersökta med vilande armposition. Åldern visade sig ha ett negativt samband till amplituderna. Diskussion: Det är oklart varför amplituderna ökade vid 90° armposition. Det skulle kunna bero på att musklerna i underarmen blir mindre spända. Slutsats: Det fanns en signifikant skillnad i amplitud när armen höjdes upp i 90°. Det bör noteras i vilken armposition patienten undersöks. / Introduction: Electroneurography (ENoG) is a neurophysiological test used to identify various peripheral nerve damages such as demyelination, conduction blockage and axonal degeneration. It´s known that latency and nerve conduction velocities can be affected by different arm positions, but what about the amplitudes? The purpose of the study is to examine if the amplitudes differ at resting arm position and with the arm raised at 90°. Method: Data was collected from 33 voluntary test subjects to compare two different methods to study the ulnar nerve. The nerve was stimulated distally at the wrist and proximally at sulcus ulnaris with registration at musculus abductor digiti minimi in resting arm and with the arm raised at 90°. Statistical calculations were made to identify differences in amplitude and stimulation strength. Results: There was a significant difference in amplitude when the test was performed with resting arm compared to when the arm was raised at 90°. Mean amplitudes increased on average by one millivolt. There was a significant difference in stimulation strength in distal stimulation but not in proximal stimulation. The majority of the test subjects preferred to be tested with resting arm position. The age turned out to have a negative correlation to the amplitudes. Discussion: It´s unclear why the amplitudes increased at 90° arm position. It could be that the muscles in the forearm becomes less tense. Conclusions: There was a significant difference in amplitude when the arm was raised 90°. It should be noted in which arm position the patient is tested.

Karpaltunnelsyndrom är den mest vanligt förekommande typen av entrapmentneuropati. Symtomet uppstår som följd av att n. medianus komprimeras i karpaltunneln, en trång kanal som löper genom handleden. Kompressionen kan ge symtom i form av domningar, känselbortfall, smärtor och i värre fall muskelatrofier på grund av demyelinisering och axonal degeneration. Elektroneurografi är en metod som används för att underlätta diagnostiseringen av karpaltunnelsyndrom. Vid exempelvis allvarliga fall då standardiserade neurografiundersökningar för n. medianus uppvisar otydliga eller bortfallna svar är det möjligt att utföra en specialiserad undersökning för n. medianus och n. ulnaris med registrering över m. lumbricales II samt m. interosseous volaris I för att öka sensitiviteten i diagnostiseringen. Syftet med denna studie var att bedöma om det föreligger ett signifikant samband mellan kroppslängden, handstorleken och den distala motoriska latenstiden vid distal stimulering över n. medianus och n. ulnaris med registrering över m. lumbricales II respektive m. interosseous volaris I. Till studien rekryterades 31 friska försökspersoner. Varje försöksperson fick innan undersökningstillfället fylla i en samtyckesblankett där personen i fråga gav sitt skriftiga samtycke och besvarade frågor angående hälsorelaterade faktorer som eventuellt kan påverka resultatet från undersökningen. Enkla linjära regressionsanalyser för vänster- respektive höger n. medianus samt för n. ulnaris bilateralt uppvisade positiva signifikanta samband mellan kroppslängden, handstorleken och den distala motoriska latenstiden. Multipla regressionsanalyser uppvisade positiva signifikanta samband när både handstorleken och kroppslängden inkluderades i relation till den distala motoriska latenstiden. / Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common type of entrapment neuropathy. The symptom arises as a result of the n. medianus being compressed in the carpal tunnel, a narrow channel that runs through the wrist. The compression can cause symptoms in the forms of numbness, loss of sensation, pain and in worse cases muscle atrophies due to demyelination and axonal degeneration. Electroneurography is a method used to facilitate the diagnosis of carpaltunnelsyndrome. In severe cases for example, when standardized neurography examinations for n. medianus show unclear or missing answers, it is possible to perform a specialized examination for n. medianus and n. ulnaris with registration over m. lumbricales II and m. interosseous volaris I to increase sensitivity in diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to assess whether there is a significant relationship between body length, hand size and distal motor latency in distal stimulation over n. medianus and n. ulnaris with registration of m. lumbricales II and m. interossei volaris I. 31 healthy subjects was recruited for this study. Prior to the study, each test subject was required to fill out a consent form in which the person in question gave his or her written consent while also answering questions about health-related factors that may influence the results of the study. Simple regressionanalyzes for left- and right n. medianus and for n. ulnaris bilaterally showed a positive significant relationship between body length, hand size and distal motor latency. Multiple regressionanalyzes showed a positive significant relationship when both hand size and body length were included in relation to distal motor latency.

The Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) moiety is a member of the superfamily of ubiquitin-like proteins (UbLs) including Ubiquitin, Nedd8, FAT10, ISG15 and ATGs. Several proteins are attached by the UbLs through a fine and tuned enzymatic cascade called post-translational modifications (PTM). SUMOylation is the drug-targetable PTM regulated by SUMO and its specific conjugating E1, E2, E3 and deconjugating SENPs enzymes. This PTM regulates several cellular functions, such as cell growth, gene regulation and apoptosis, while deregulation of SUMOylation reaction has been related to promote tumorigenic features. The correlation between different cancer subtypes and SUMO network has previously been described, but this has not been investigated in Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) tumor. Rhabdomyosarcoma is a heterogeneous group of malignancies and is derived from primitive myogenic precursors. The most common RMS subtypes are embryonal (ERMS) and alveolar (ARMS). The aim of this project was to investigate whether the SUMO PTM is altered in RMS disease and identify if the deregulation can also contribute to the progression, invasion and radioresistance of RMS tumors. We produced the complete SUMO transcriptome of six different Rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines and validated some targets with specific antibodies. Interestingly, rearrangement of the expression of the SUMO enzymes was discovered among the RMS cells. This evidence suggests that SUMO has the potential to be the next cellular network to study in RMS cells. In the future, the aim is to identify potential SUMO RMS network biomarkers that describe the pathology of the disease and adopt commercial and new drugs to interfere with the deregulated SUMO network by reducing or blocking the metastasis features of RMS.

Spirometry is a lung function test, used to diagnose for example asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The reference values for spirometry are determined by gender, height, age, and ethnicity. Swedish references are used for all patients in Sweden regardless of ethnic background. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the Arab population living in Sweden can perform a spirometry examination with Swedish reference values. The study included seven Arab patients and 13 Swedish patients. Each patient was examined in dynamic (slow and forced), static spirometry, diffusion capacity and finally a reversibility test. The patient performed at least three maneuvers for each part of the test, where the patient breathed in and out maximally using several different techniques. Measurements examined were forced expiratory volume in 1 second, the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second by forced vital capacity, vital capacity, and total lung capacity. A comparison between the spirometry value total lung capacity, was compared between the two methods static spirometry and diffusion capacity. All these values had a p-value above the significance level 0.05. Thus, there was no statistical evidence that there is a difference between the Arabic and Swedish population. According to the result of this study, the Arab population can undergo spirometry examinations with the existing Swedish reference values that exist. However, this is a strong conclusion for few individuals. Hence more research and studies are in need in the future.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.