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La economía circular es una de las formas en las que el crecimiento económico sea independiente a sus correspondientes impactos ambientales al cambiar de un patrón de producción y consumo de extraer, usar y disponer a otro en el cual la mayor cantidad de materiales pueda retornar a los procesos de producción. Los artefactos eléctricos y electrónicos (AEE) al final de su vida útil pueden constituirse en una fuente de materiales valiosos en vez de ser dispuestos en un relleno de seguridad ocupando espacio innecesariamente. El objetivo de esta tesis consiste en determinar si los residuos de aparatos eléctricos y electrónicos (RAEE) pueden ser fuente de materiales valiosos en vez de ser dispuestos en un relleno de seguridad utilizando como objeto de estudio los televisores de tubos de rayos catódicos (CRT-TV). Para esto, se analizó la tenencia de electrodomésticos en los hogares peruanos, se evaluó el impacto de los cambios tecnológicos en la posesión de televisores en el Perú, examinándose además los flujos e inventarios de CRT-TV entre los años 1998 a 2017 y se determinó la factibilidad de recuperar el plomo de las pantallas de los CRT-TV a través de la autorreducción. De forma complementaria, se estimó el consumo de energía de los electrodomésticos en los hogares utilizando el análisis insumo-producto extendido ambientalmente (EEIOA, por sus siglas en inglés). Los resultados indican, en síntesis, que los inventarios de electrodomésticos y sus emisiones de GEI asociadas a su fase de uso continuarán aumentando, que existirán cantidades importantes de televisores obsoletos al final del apagón que deben ser procesados y que la opción de utilizar pellets autorreductores para recuperar el plomo es prometedora, aunque aún requieren de pruebas adicionales. / The circular economy is one of the ways in which economic growth is independent of its corresponding environmental impacts by shifting from a production and consumption pattern of extract, use and dispose to one in which as many materials as possible can be returned to the production process. Waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE or e-waste) can become a source of valuable materials rather than being disposed of in a landfill taking up unnecessary space. The objective of this thesis is to determine whether waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) can be a source of valuable materials instead of being disposed of in a landfill using cathode ray tube televisions (CRT-TV) as the object of study. For this, the ownership of household appliances in Peruvian households was analyzed, the impact of technological changes on the ownership of televisions in Peru was evaluated, and the flows and inventories of CRT-TVs between the years 1998 to 2017 were also examined, and the feasibility of recovering lead from CRT-TV screens through self-reduction was determined. In a complementary manner, the energy consumption of household appliances was estimated using the environmentally extended input–output analysis (EEIOA). The results indicate, in summary, that the inventories of household appliances and their GHG emissions associated with their use phase will continue to increase, that there will be significant quantities of obsolete TV sets at the end of the switchoff that need to be processed, and that the option of using self-reducing pellets to recover lead is promising, although it still requires further testing.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:29:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Regina Helena Lima Diniz.pdf: 4146724 bytes, checksum: 475a707100e4958971214ed872dca3e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-20 / This study talks about the role of industry, focusing on television manufacturers, and their participation in the development and deployment of Digital TV in Brazil, as the first players in this scenario to point north to the viability of a business model for Digital Television (DTV) and Interactive Digital television (TVDI): the Connected TV and Smart TV. Makes a historical survey of the theme from the FHC government, through the Government until the current Lula government Dilma. The text presents technical challenges, such political and economic implementation. Identifies the successes and mistakes of the actors involved in this scenario, mounted to the development of digital TV in Brazil. The text presents technical challenges, such political and economic implementation. Intends to identify the successes and mistakes of the actors involved in this scenario, mounted to the development of digital TV in Brazil. Emphasizes the interests, not always harmonious, all involved: the capital with a focus on profit, government, with its political agreements, often contrasting the performance of their role in representing the interests of the majority of the population; and the dynamics of scientific-technological industry, which needs fertile soil, suitable, and continuing to develop.(AU) / O presente estudo disserta sobre o papel da indústria, com foco nos fabricantes de televisores e sua participação na implantação e desenvolvimento da TV Digital no Brasil, como os primeiros atores desse cenário a apontar o norte para a viabilização de um modelo de negócio para a Televisão Digital (TVD) e Televisão Digital Interativa (TVDI): a TV Conectada e a TV Inteligente. Faz um levantamento histórico do tema desde o Governo FHC, passando pelo Governo Lula até o atual Governo Dilma. O texto apresenta os desafios técnico, político e econômico dessa implementação. Pretende identificar os acertos e enganos dos atores envolvidos nesse cenário, montado para a implementação do sistema digital da TV brasileira. Ressalta os interesses, nem sempre harmônicos, de todos os envolvidos: do capital, com foco no lucro; do governo, com seus acordos políticos, muitas vezes contrapondo ao cumprimento de seu papel de representante dos interesses da maioria da população brasileira; e da dinâmica científico tecnológico-industrial, que necessita de campo fértil, propício e contínuo para se desenvolver.(AU)