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No description available.

The land of deep water lies in Ontario’s north, atop the boundless rock of the Shield. It holds the secret of an island once blossoming with copper ore. Here primordial elements dance in the ancient landscape and invite us to join them in their awakening. Liquid portals, layered ancient rock and plunging mine shafts unearth a cosmic order born of chaos. Myth, geology and alchemy all fuse together in defining this place. This thesis is a journey to centre of the Shield, through the deep water, rock and voids that encircle it. It is an expedition into the multiplicities of time through the poetic imagination. Here on the bridge to preconsciousness, we are invited in. At the heart lies Copperfields, a mine isolated on an island in Temagami. Once bearing some of the purest copper on Earth, it now sits abandoned amidst fragments of its former glory. The design proposed reclaims these elements and animates them as gateways to the dynamic Shield. In the folds of time, quivering between thought and the preconscious, a fiction rich in meaning and experience is offered up. Let us now embark on our journey to the centre of the Shield.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2008. Graduate Programme in Environmental Studies. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR39056

The land of deep water lies in Ontario’s north, atop the boundless rock of the Shield. It holds the secret of an island once blossoming with copper ore. Here primordial elements dance in the ancient landscape and invite us to join them in their awakening. Liquid portals, layered ancient rock and plunging mine shafts unearth a cosmic order born of chaos. Myth, geology and alchemy all fuse together in defining this place. This thesis is a journey to centre of the Shield, through the deep water, rock and voids that encircle it. It is an expedition into the multiplicities of time through the poetic imagination. Here on the bridge to preconsciousness, we are invited in. At the heart lies Copperfields, a mine isolated on an island in Temagami. Once bearing some of the purest copper on Earth, it now sits abandoned amidst fragments of its former glory. The design proposed reclaims these elements and animates them as gateways to the dynamic Shield. In the folds of time, quivering between thought and the preconscious, a fiction rich in meaning and experience is offered up. Let us now embark on our journey to the centre of the Shield.

Algoma-type banded iron formation is common in Neoarchean greenstone belts, and many of its distinctive features such as the banding of iron-rich and silica-rich material and deposition in volcanic terranes have been ascribed to their deposition related to volcanic-hydrothermal activity and cyclic variability in depositional pathways. The work presented in this thesis tests these assumptions and presents a model for the deposition and post-depositional processes now represented by the petrography and geochemistry of a 2.73 Ga type-locality of Algoma-type BIF in Temagami, ON. Adsorption of components onto the surface of Fe-oxyhydroxides forming in the anoxic Neoarchean water column is the most likely process capable of transferring silica, as well as trace quantities of transition metals, rare earth elements, Ge, P, U and other components to the sediment. The petrogenesis of the Temagami BIF lithologies suggests ongoing recrystallization processes and volume loss reactions leading to the formation of magnetite layers, while jasper is identified as the most pristine lithology best representative of the initially deposited Fe-oxyhydroxide-silica gel. Recrystallization and volume loss reactions are controlled by the ongoing dewatering during compaction and diagenesis, without the influence of external hydrothermal or metamorphic fluids. When corrected for the volume loss and small amounts of clastic contamination, little residual variability can be observed in the composition of jasper and magnetite layers, indicative of an originally homogenous primary precipitate instead of sorted and layered material deposited on the seafloor. This model is in stark contrast to previous interpretations of seasonal variability in biologic activity, cyclical seasonal or hydrothermal events responsible for primary layering in BIF. Instead, very little direct input of hydrothermal components is recorded in the chemistry of the Temagami BIF, and elements abundant in high-temperature hydrothermal fluids such as sulfur are instead sourced from atmospheric sources and deposited by bacterial pathways. Lack of primary chemical variability and non-hydrothermally sourced components captured in BIF argue against a genetic link to local hydrothermal venting, but rather an open ocean depositional setting. As such, the Temagami BIF does not represent a marker horizon related to local or regional hydrothermal venting and potential formation of associated massive sulfide deposits but reflects processes and the chemistry of the open Neoarchean ocean.

<p> The Archean pyroclastic conglomerate studied has six clast types which can be condensed to four clast families based on lithology. The quartz clasts have an average strain of X:Y:Z=1.21:1:0.55 while the pumice clasts have an average strain of X:Y:Z=1.27:1:0.47. The difference is strain between these clast families can be attributed to their different viscosities. The quartz clasts have an assumed viscosity ratio between the clasts and the matrix of unity and are taken to represent the strain in the rock as a whole. The sulphide and black clasts have strain ratios much higher than the quartz because of recrystallization of the sulphide and cleavage formation effecting the black clasts.</p> <p> The sedimentary structure of the deposit and its position between mafic pillow basalts indicate that the deposit is a result of the deposition of a subaqueous pyroclastic debris flow in a proximal environment.</p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)