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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Exploitation de séries temporelles d'images satellites à haute résolution spatiale pour le suivi des prairies en milieu agricole / Use of time–series of high spatial resolution satellite images for grassland monitoring in agricultural areas

Dusseux, Pauline 05 December 2014 (has links)
En milieu agricole, on observe depuis plusieurs décennies une régression des prairies ainsi qu’uneévolution de leur mode de gestion liées à l’intensification de l’agriculture. Face aux enjeux que ces changementsimpliquent tant sur le plan environnemental qu’économique, l’estimation de la place des prairies dans les systèmes de production et la détermination des pratiques agricoles qui leur sont associées sont stratégiques. Avec l’arrivée de nouveaux capteurs de télédétection à Haute Résolution Spatiale (HRS) caractérisés par une résolution temporelle élevée, il est désormais possible d’envisager l’étude des couverts prairiaux à une échelle fine et à partir d’observations régulières dans le temps. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’identifier les couverts prairiaux à l’échelle des territoires agricoles et de déterminer leurs modes de gestion à partir de paramètres dérivés de séries temporelles d’images de télédétection à HRS. Pour cela, plusieurs séries intra–annuelles d’images à haute résolution spatiale optiques et radars ont été constituées afin de recenser les prairies et d’identifier trois de leurs modes de gestion : le pâturage, la fauche et l’exploitation mixte, sur un bassin versant dont le système d’exploitation dominant est l’élevage laitier. Les résultats obtenus à partir du traitement et de l’analyse des séries temporelles optiques ont permis de montrer qu’il est possible d’estimer avec une bonne précision la biomasse des prairies, de les identifier et de les caractériser. Ils mettent aussi en évidence le fait que les images radars améliorent l’identification des prairies sans pouvoir discriminer leurs modes de gestion, l’utilisation combinée des deux types d’images augmentant encore le taux d’identification des prairies. Par ailleurs, les résultats montrent que les méthodes de classification s’appuyant sur des critères de comparaison adaptés aux séries temporelles (distances élastiques) produisent des résultats nettement plus satisfaisants pour discriminer les modes de gestion des prairies que les méthodes de classification standards. / In agricultural areas, we observed a decrease of grasslands and change in their management in the last half–century, which are commonly associated with agriculture intensification. These changes have affected environmental and economic systems. In this context, the evaluation of grassland status and grassland management in farming systems is a key–issue for sustainable agriculture. With the arrival of new Earth observation sensors with high spatial and temporal resolutions, it is now possible to study grasslands at fine scale using regular observations over time. The objective of this thesis is to identify grasslands and their management practices using parameters derived from time–series of high spatial resolution (HSR) remote sensing data. For that purpose, several intra–annual time series of HSR optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite images were acquired in order to identify grasslands and three of their management practices: grazing, mowing and mixed management, on a catchment area mainly oriented towards cattle production. Results obtained from the processing and analysis of the optical time series have shown that it is possible to estimate with good accuracy grassland biomass, to identify and to characterize them. They also highlighted that radar images improve grassland identification without being able to distinguish management practices, the combined use of the two types of images further increasing grassland identification. Furthermore, results showed that the classification methods based on comparison criteria adapted to time series (warping criteria) increase significantly results for discriminating grassland management practices compared to standard classification methods
2

Dinâmica espectral da soja por meio do NDVI utilizando sensores orbital e terrestre / SOYBEAN SPECTRAL DYNAMICS THROUGH NDVI USING ORBITAL AND TERRESTRIAL SENSORS

Justina, Diego Domingos Della 30 January 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:47:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 _diego_della_justina.pdf: 3123259 bytes, checksum: 7482af0ac4e10eb7e14854f470ff3593 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-30 / Soybeans are an important agricultural crop, with expressive economical participation; thus, it is necessary the adoption of practices that enable crop forecasting, contributing for a better market position of this commodity. Remote sensing methodologies for monitoring production through are highly effective, due to their low cost, large-scale coverage and smaller time consumption. One of these techniques used is the NDVI Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, which has been employed on a large scale through use of the MODIS sensor. However, orbital sensors are subject to the influence of atmospheric factors and the culture dynamics, which may have different spectral behaviors among cultivars of the same species. In this context, non-orbital spectroscopy would be a viable solution for studying the existence of variations in the spectral behavior of any crop without further interference from exogenous factors. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the temporal profiles of NDVI obtained with orbital MODIS sensor and non-orbital sensor GreenSeeker during the soybean development cycle. The study was conducted in two plots (T1 and T2) located on the Central Cooperative of Agricultural Research - COODETEC, in Cascavel State of Paraná. Samples of NDVI of thirteen pixels, three of them called pure pixels and ten non pure pixels, were taken at irregular intervals, but representing crop cycle. The data obtained by the non-orbital sensor were analyzed by exploratory analysis. Means of both orbital and non-orbital sensors were compared by test-t at 5% significance level. The means comparison test demonstrated the data obtained through the two sensors to be statistically different. However, both showed good dynamic range and sensibility to monitor and access spatial and temporal variations in the vegetation. / Uma vez que a soja é uma importante cultura agrícola, com expressiva participação econômica, se faz necessário a adoção de práticas que viabilizem a previsão de safra, contribuindo para melhor posicionamento da commodity no mercado. Metodologias de acompanhamento de produção por sensoriamento remoto orbital são alternativas eficazes devido ao baixo custo, grande escala de abrangência e rapidez. Uma das técnicas de acompanhamento agrícola empregada são os índices de vegetação, dentre eles o NDVI Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada, que vem sendo empregado em larga escala por meio do sensor MODIS. Porém, sensores orbitais estão sujeitos à influência dos fatores atmosféricos e da dinâmica das culturas, que podem apresentar diferentes comportamentos espectrais entre cultivares de uma mesma espécie. Nesse contexto, a espectroscopia terrestre, (não-orbital), pode ser uma solução viável para o estudo da existência de variações no comportamento espectral de qualquer cultura agrícola, sem maiores interferências de fatores exógenos. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os perfis temporais de NDVI obtidos com o sensor orbital MODIS e o sensor não-orbital GreenSeeker durante o ciclo de desenvolvimento da soja. O estudo foi conduzido em dois talhões (T1 e T2) localizados nas dependências da Cooperativa Central de Pesquisa Agrícola COODETEC, no município de Cascavel PR. Amostras de NDVI de treze pixels, sendo três puros e dez não puros, foram tomadas em intervalos não regulares, porém, representativos ao desenvolvimento da cultura. Os dados obtidos por meio do sensor não-orbital foram submetidos a análise exploratória. As médias de ambos os sensores orbital e não-orbital foram comparadas pelo teste-t a 5% de significância. O teste de comparação de médias demonstrou que os dados obtidos entre os dois sensores são estatisticamente diferentes. No entanto, ambos demonstraram um bom alcance dinâmico e sensibilidade para monitorar e acessar variações espaciais e temporais da vegetação.
3

Dinâmica espectral da soja por meio do NDVI utilizando sensores orbital e terrestre / SOYBEAN SPECTRAL DYNAMICS THROUGH NDVI USING ORBITAL AND TERRESTRIAL SENSORS

Justina, Diego Domingos Della 30 January 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T19:23:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 _diego_della_justina.pdf: 3123259 bytes, checksum: 7482af0ac4e10eb7e14854f470ff3593 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-30 / Soybeans are an important agricultural crop, with expressive economical participation; thus, it is necessary the adoption of practices that enable crop forecasting, contributing for a better market position of this commodity. Remote sensing methodologies for monitoring production through are highly effective, due to their low cost, large-scale coverage and smaller time consumption. One of these techniques used is the NDVI Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, which has been employed on a large scale through use of the MODIS sensor. However, orbital sensors are subject to the influence of atmospheric factors and the culture dynamics, which may have different spectral behaviors among cultivars of the same species. In this context, non-orbital spectroscopy would be a viable solution for studying the existence of variations in the spectral behavior of any crop without further interference from exogenous factors. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the temporal profiles of NDVI obtained with orbital MODIS sensor and non-orbital sensor GreenSeeker during the soybean development cycle. The study was conducted in two plots (T1 and T2) located on the Central Cooperative of Agricultural Research - COODETEC, in Cascavel State of Paraná. Samples of NDVI of thirteen pixels, three of them called pure pixels and ten non pure pixels, were taken at irregular intervals, but representing crop cycle. The data obtained by the non-orbital sensor were analyzed by exploratory analysis. Means of both orbital and non-orbital sensors were compared by test-t at 5% significance level. The means comparison test demonstrated the data obtained through the two sensors to be statistically different. However, both showed good dynamic range and sensibility to monitor and access spatial and temporal variations in the vegetation. / Uma vez que a soja é uma importante cultura agrícola, com expressiva participação econômica, se faz necessário a adoção de práticas que viabilizem a previsão de safra, contribuindo para melhor posicionamento da commodity no mercado. Metodologias de acompanhamento de produção por sensoriamento remoto orbital são alternativas eficazes devido ao baixo custo, grande escala de abrangência e rapidez. Uma das técnicas de acompanhamento agrícola empregada são os índices de vegetação, dentre eles o NDVI Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada, que vem sendo empregado em larga escala por meio do sensor MODIS. Porém, sensores orbitais estão sujeitos à influência dos fatores atmosféricos e da dinâmica das culturas, que podem apresentar diferentes comportamentos espectrais entre cultivares de uma mesma espécie. Nesse contexto, a espectroscopia terrestre, (não-orbital), pode ser uma solução viável para o estudo da existência de variações no comportamento espectral de qualquer cultura agrícola, sem maiores interferências de fatores exógenos. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os perfis temporais de NDVI obtidos com o sensor orbital MODIS e o sensor não-orbital GreenSeeker durante o ciclo de desenvolvimento da soja. O estudo foi conduzido em dois talhões (T1 e T2) localizados nas dependências da Cooperativa Central de Pesquisa Agrícola COODETEC, no município de Cascavel PR. Amostras de NDVI de treze pixels, sendo três puros e dez não puros, foram tomadas em intervalos não regulares, porém, representativos ao desenvolvimento da cultura. Os dados obtidos por meio do sensor não-orbital foram submetidos a análise exploratória. As médias de ambos os sensores orbital e não-orbital foram comparadas pelo teste-t a 5% de significância. O teste de comparação de médias demonstrou que os dados obtidos entre os dois sensores são estatisticamente diferentes. No entanto, ambos demonstraram um bom alcance dinâmico e sensibilidade para monitorar e acessar variações espaciais e temporais da vegetação.
4

Aspects spatial et temporel de l'intégration visuelle au niveau de la voie dorsale du système visuel du chat : le cortex suprasylvien latéral comme modèle

Ouellette, Brian G. January 2008 (has links)
Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.
5

Aspects spatial et temporel de l'intégration visuelle au niveau de la voie dorsale du système visuel du chat : le cortex suprasylvien latéral comme modèle

Ouellette, Brian G. January 2008 (has links)
Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

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