ITC/USA 2007 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Third Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 22-25, 2007 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / Cognitive radio is a reasonably new branch of research aimed at more fully utilizing the RF spectrum. This is accomplished by allowing wireless communication systems to dynamically choose a frequency band, and a modulation technique, based on the current state of the RF spectrum as perceived by the cognitive radio network. This paper will give a brief introduction of cognitive radio networks, and describe a hardware platform designed at the IFT/UMR Telemetry Learning Center. The test-bed will accommodate future research into cognitive networks, by allowing the user to dynamically change both its carrier frequency and modulation technique through software. A general description of the design of the platform is provided.

As the use of renewable energy and the implementation of smart grids becomemore prevalent in Europe, there will be a need to ensure that the quality ofpower supply is not compromised during the integration of distributedgeneration to the main grid. Europe's electricity networks should be flexible,accessible, reliable and economic. In the UK, National Grid has standardisedits substation protection and control equipment commissioning andreplacement policies, yet issues affecting system long life availability remain,one reason being long outage periods during substation secondary equipmentinstallation, commissioning and maintenance. The present use of directhardwired point to point connections between the primary power system plantequipment and substation secondary system protection and control devicesdoes not allow for easy upgrading or replacement of these substationsecondary devices without an outage of the primary plant or substation. Outage and the consequent availability problems associated with secondaryequipment can be addressed by the open utility communication architecturestandard IEC 61850. A well-designed simple, highly reliable, secure, flexibleand long-life communication IEC 61850-based architecture can help mitigatethe impact of using protection and control IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Devices).Faulty IEDs can be replaced with little or no interruption to the overall operationof the substation. Interoperability is a key feature of the adoption of IEC 61850in substations. IEC 61850-compliant protection and control devices cancommunicate with one another, even if they made from different manufacturers. This thesis has proposed a simple, long life IEC 61850 based communicationarchitecture which is expected to be flexible and robust enough to cope withboth growth and outages. Reliability analyses have been carried out on varioushypothetical applications of the proposed process bus architecture to NationalGrid substation bays. A detailed description of how to determine the optimalprocess bus architecture using the life cycle cost evaluation technique has beenprovided. The design and implementation of a test bed used for evaluating theperformance characteristics of merging units has been presented. The resultsof the tests have been fed back to National Grid and the manufacturers, whomay then use the data to assist with the drafting of a Merging Unit Test BedSpecification, and also to help the manufacturers to make refinements to themerging units in order to make interoperability more readily achievable.

Real-time quality monitoring continues to gain interest within the manufacturing domain as new and faster sensors are being developed. Unfortunately, most quality monitoring solutions are still based on collecting data from the end product. From a process improvement point of view, it is definitely more advantageous to proactively monitor quality directly in the process instead of the product, so that the consequences of a defective part can be minimized or even eliminated. In this dissertation, new methods for in-line process monitoring are explored using multiple sensors. In the first case, a new cutting force-based monitoring methodology was developed to detect out of control conditions in a broaching operation. The second part of this thesis focusses on the development of a test bed for monitoring the tool condition in a turning operation. The constructed test bed includes the combination of multiple sensors signals including, temperature, vibrations, and energy measurements. Here, the proposed SPC strategy integrates sensor data with engineering knowledge to produce quick, reliable results using proven profile monitoring techniques. While, the already existing methods are based on raw process data which requires more features to monitor without any loss of information. This technique is straight forward and able to monitor the process comprehensively with less number of features. Consequently, this also adds to the group of tools that are available for the practitioner. / Master of Science

Power systems will increasingly rely on synchrophasor systems for reliable and high-performance wide area monitoring and control (WAMC). Synchrophasor systems greatly use information communication technologies (ICT) for data exchange which are vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Prior to installation of a synchrophasor system a set of cyber security requirements must be developed and new devices must undergo vulnerability testing to ensure that proper security controls are in place to protect the synchrophasor system from unauthorized access. This dissertation describes vulnerability analysis and testing performed on synchrophasor system components. Two network fuzzing frameworks are proposed; for the I C37.118 protocol and for an energy management system (EMS). While fixing the identified vulnerabilities in information infrastructures is imperative to secure a power system, it is likely that successful intrusions will still occur. The ability to detect intrusions is necessary to mitigate the negative effects from a successful attacks. The emergence of synchrophasor systems provides real-time data with millisecond precision which makes the observation of a sequence of fast events feasible. Different power system scenarios present different patterns in the observed fast event sequences. This dissertation proposes a data mining approach called mining common paths to accurately extract patterns for power system scenarios including disturbances, control and protection actions and cyber-attacks from synchrophasor data and logs of system components. In this dissertation, such a pattern is called a common path, which is represented as a sequence of critical system states in temporal order. The process of automatically discovering common paths and building a state machine for detecting power system scenarios and attacks is introduced. The classification results show that the proposed approach can accurately detect these scenarios even with variation in fault locations and load conditions. This dissertation also describes a hybrid intrusion detection framework that employs the mining common path algorithm to enable a systematic and automatic IDS construction process. An IDS prototype was validated on a 2-line 3-bus power transmission system protected by the distance protection scheme. The result shows the IDS prototype accurately classifies 25 power system scenarios including disturbances, normal control operations, and cyber-attacks.

As the size, complexity, and functionality of systems we need to model and simulate con-tinue to increase, benefits such as interoperability and reusability enabled by distributed discrete-event simulation are becoming extremely important in many disciplines, not only military but also many engineering disciplines such as distributed manufacturing, supply chain management, and enterprise engineering, etc. In this dissertation we propose a distributed simulation framework for the development of modeling and the simulation of complex systems. The framework is based on the interoperability of a simulation system enabled by distributed simulation and the gateways which enable Com-mercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) simulation packages to interconnect to the distributed simulation engine. In the case study of modeling Virtual Test Bed (VTB), the framework has been designed as a distributed simulation to facilitate the integrated execution of different simulations, (shuttle process model, Monte Carlo model, Delay and Scrub Model) each of which is addressing differ-ent mission components as well as other non-simulation applications (Weather Expert System and Virtual Range). Although these models were developed independently and at various times, the original purposes have been seamlessly integrated, and interact with each other through Run-time Infrastructure (RTI) to simulate shuttle launch related processes. This study found that with the framework the defining properties of complex systems - interaction and emergence – are realized and that the software life cycle models (including the spiral model and prototyping) can be used as metaphors to manage the complexity of modeling and simulation of the system. The system of systems (a complex system is intrinsically a "system of systems") continuously evolves to accomplish its goals, during the evolution subsystems co-ordinate with one another and adapt with environmental factors such as policies, requirements, and objectives. In the case study we first demonstrate how the legacy models developed in COTS simulation languages/packages and non-simulation tools can be integrated to address a compli-cated system of systems. We then describe the techniques that can be used to display the state of remote federates in a local federate in the High Level Architecture (HLA) based distributed simulation using COTS simulation packages.

Mapping a process enables a greater understanding of the work, and is standard to evaluate and improve a process. This thesis is conducted at Test Bed Mechanical Design at Scania in Södertälje. Test Bed Construction is a complex process, characterized by a large amount of creative work, technical challenges and coordination between different people and different organizational functions. The aim of the thesis was to identify the Test Bed Construction Process and to develop a visual model of the workflow that also served as support for the engineers in their daily work. During the mapping process, comparisons were made with previous research in lean product development to identify process improvement. A literature review on process mapping and process visualisation resulted in a method for process mapping. The study showed that research on process visualisation is neither structured nor well defined. Nevertheless, there are attempts to create a framework to facilitate the selection of modelling technology. The framework used in this thesis categorizes modelling techniques according to the purpose of the model and the models change tolerance. The literature review also led to the identification of a number of success factors for lean product development. A qualitative case study on UTTD mapped the Test Bed Construction Process as well as the engineer's experiences of their work process. The study resulted in a flow chart of the Test Bed Construction Process and a number of areas where the process could be improved. The process improvements essentially related procedures for documentation and coordination.

Le support de la mobilité dans les protocoles réseaux existants est devenu primordial, à cause du nombre croissant d'utilisateurs de terminaux mobiles désirant garder une connexion constante au réseau, tout en se déplaçant librement à travers des segments de réseaux d'accès sans fil hétérogènes. Le protocole de routage dominant dans les architectures réseaux filaires est IP "Internet protocole". Ce protocole est en passe de dominer aussi le mode des réseaux sans fils. Ainsi, il est naturel d'introduire des mécanismes de gestion de mobilité basés sur IP, dont un processus de handover (passage d'une point d'accès radio à une autre point) efficace et flexible afin de garantir aux utilisateurs une qualité de service minimale de transmission des donnés. En effet, un handover inefficace génère de la latence, de la gigue et des pertes de paquets. La transmission des données est affectée et dégrade la qualité de services de l'application utilisant les services du réseau. Dans cette thèse, nous examinons et analysons d'abord la complexité et l'efficacité des principales techniques de handover et de gestion de mobilité basée sur IP. Les résultats de cette analyse seront ensuite exploités pour présenter finalement notre proposition de soft handover basé sur IPv6. Cette solution permettra l'extension de mobile IPv6 avec une gestion efficace, transparente et locale du multihoming. Bien sur la duplication des flux est bidirectionnel entre le réseau et le mobile et permet un changement de point d'accès au réseau sans perte de données. Nous analysons ensuite les performances de notre approche à travers des résultats de simulations. Ces simulations sont effectuées dans un simulateur développé par notre équipe nommé Gemini2. Cette partie inclut également une comparaison des performances par rapport au fast handover bicasting et Mobile IPv6 basique. Finalement, le dernier chapitre de la thèse inclut notre expérience de l'implémentation d'un prototype mobile multi interfaces et un testbed mobile IPv6 soft handover. Cette implémentation a comme but principal la validation de nos travaux. Ce banc de test nous permettra, en plus, d'analyser les performances du soft handover dans des conditions réelles et avec différents types d'applications et de flux multimédia.

<p>The research in wireless communications and in-vehicle computing systems has opened up new fields of applications for transportation systems. Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) emerge as a contribution to the solution of providing safer and more efficient roads and to increase passenger safety. This thesis treats different issues that influence the performance of wireless vehicle communication systems and it proposes a general design procedure for the construction of a test environment for VANETs.</p><p>A comprehensive survey of the different parameters that affect the system performance in the field of wireless vehicle communications is provided. These parameters are then analysed and quantified to serve as guidelines when identifying and designing the different components of the test environment. One such component is a simulator that enables VANET performance evaluation and allows identification of bottlenecks in the network functionality. In addition, suggestions for a hardware platform and an operating system for the development of a suitable on-board test-bed for performance measurements are presented.</p><p>The design procedure of such a test environment is intended to be used by researchers and engineers working in the field of wireless communications and ad hoc networking with special regard to the automotive sector.</p>

Debido a que el Protocolo de red de Internet actual, llamado IPv4, está alcanzando actualmente sus propios límites de diseño y se muestra incapaz de proveer una respuesta adecuada a las nuevas características deseables para Internet, en 1995 la Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) comenzó a desarrollar un nuevo protocolo, llamado IPv6, para reemplazar al anterior. Contempla mejoras fundamentalmente en el espacio de direccionamiento y nuevas características como servicios de tiempo real, calidad de servicio, seguridad intrínseca, etc. El crecimiento de Internet ha originado que cada vez más computadoras necesiten conectarse a ella. Hay una enorme cantidad de dispositivos como teléfonos celulares, cámaras de vigilancia, dispositivos inalámbricos, etc, que necesitarán, en el mediano plazo, sus propias direcciones IP para conectarse a Internet, incluso algunos necesitarán varias direcciones. Ésta es la principal causa que lo está llevando a sus límites de diseño, pues en la versión actual del protocolo, no existen suficientes direcciones disponibles. El protocolo IPv6 presenta un nuevo desafío que es su despliegue para ponerlo en producción. En la actualidad millones de computadores están interconectados al backbone de Internet usando IPv4 y es imposible cambiar a la nueva versión, IPv6, en forma simultánea cada uno de ellos para que sigan trabajando normalmente, fundamentalmente por la imposibilidad de actualizar a IPv6 sistemas operativos de routers intermedios, servidores web (HTTP), o de correo (SMTP), etc sin soporte IPv6; también se presentan problemas en servidores de nombre (DNS) sin registros AAAA o A6 para direcciones IPv6, etc. El protocolo IPv6 es un protocolo “disruptivo”. El término disruptivo tiene sus orígenes en el libro “El dilema de Innovador” de Clayton Christensen, donde trata como los desarrollos tecnológicos pueden tener un impacto económico. Se basa en un estudio de la industria de Discos Rígidos, a través de varios años y varios cambios de tecnologías. Para nuestro caso, no se trata de quitar o deshabilitar IPv4 para usar, habilitar o instalar IPv6. Tampoco es una una migración, pues no es un día, mes o año (como el Y2K) para realizar la migración. Esto es una actualización necesaria de IP, permitiendo que ambas versiones convivan al mismo tiempo y/o independientemente. Por tal motivo la IETF ha definido una serie de mecanismos para hacer una suave transición donde convivan por un largo tiempo ambos protocolos. El presente trabajo ayudará al lector a lograr una transición controlada hacia el nuevo protocolo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar un Análisis, Evaluación y Comparación de Métodos de Transición del protocolo IPv4 al protocolo IPv6. Las comparaciones se hicieron usando un Test Bed llamado CODAREC6, permitiendo colaborar en el lento, pero inexorable camino hacia la internet sobre IPv6.

The research in wireless communications and in-vehicle computing systems has opened up new fields of applications for transportation systems. Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) emerge as a contribution to the solution of providing safer and more efficient roads and to increase passenger safety. This thesis treats different issues that influence the performance of wireless vehicle communication systems and it proposes a general design procedure for the construction of a test environment for VANETs. A comprehensive survey of the different parameters that affect the system performance in the field of wireless vehicle communications is provided. These parameters are then analysed and quantified to serve as guidelines when identifying and designing the different components of the test environment. One such component is a simulator that enables VANET performance evaluation and allows identification of bottlenecks in the network functionality. In addition, suggestions for a hardware platform and an operating system for the development of a suitable on-board test-bed for performance measurements are presented. The design procedure of such a test environment is intended to be used by researchers and engineers working in the field of wireless communications and ad hoc networking with special regard to the automotive sector.