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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Colorado Middle School Principals' Transformational Leadership Characteristics and Colorado's Standardized Test Scores

Wolf, Wayne 01 January 2018 (has links)
Researchers have documented that high expectations do not always result in higher achievement, but the reason for varying results has not been clearly understood. This correlational study was done to find out if the degree of presence of principal leadership characteristics can predict when high expectations are effective and when they are not. Expectancy and transformational leadership theories provided the framework for identifying 9 principal leadership characteristics that might influence student scores on Colorado statewide testing. Existing student testing data were considered the dependent variable, while survey data on the leadership behaviors of Colorado middle school principals were used for the independent variables. Data were tested using a correlational regression analysis. The transformational leadership independent variables of beneficial modeling, inspirational motivation, systems thinking, individualized consideration, and empowerment were each found to be significantly related to statewide test scores at the .05 level. The high expectations variable was not found to be significantly related to test scores by itself but was found to be significant (p = .016) when transformational leadership characteristics were also high. Principals who were perceived to provide teachers with the environment they needed to facilitate student achievement were correlated with higher test scores. Implications for social change include public policy makers' support for transformational educational leadership as a part of providing teachers with what they need in order to meet high expectations.
2

Testförbättringsmodeller för mjukvara i konsultverksamhet : En jämförande fallstudie mellan TIM och TMMi / Test Improvement Models for Software in a Consulting Business : A Comparing Case Study Between TIM and TMMi

Bäck, Oscar, Falk Lundgren, Mikael January 2020 (has links)
Testförbättringsmodeller har utvecklats och blivit fler sedan 90-talet. Dessa modeller strävar efter att ge team och organisationer struktur inom testarbete. TMM, som är en av de äldsta testförbättingsmodellerna, togs fram i början av 90-talet och har sedan gett inspiration till flera testförbättringsmodeller med mognadsnivåer. Två av dem är TMMi och TIM. Modellerna, som båda ursprungligen är bearbetningar av TMM, har olika strukturer när det kommer till hur olika delar av testfunktionen förbättras. I en fallstudie har TMMi och TIM jämförts mot varandra för att få fram skillnaderna i modellerna samt rekommendationer hos ett team som arbetar med flera konsultuppdrag. TIM utvärderas även om hur aktuell den är i ett agilt konsultföretag.Enkät och intervju användes för att samla in data och modellerna användes för att generera rekommendationer till teamet.Det framkommer att TIM kan appliceras på en agil konsultverksamhet, främst för att TIM lägger fram vad som ska göras och det agila arbetssättet lägger fram hur det ska göras.Den främsta skillnaden som upptäcktes mellan TIM och TMMi ligger i deras struktur gällande mognadsnivåer. TIM uppmuntrar till en balanserad förbättring genom individuell bedömning av testprocessområden (KPA), så att det studerade teamet har en bättre förståelse för vilka av de som främst behöver förbättras, till skillnad från TMMi som är striktare vid sin bedömning.TIM i förhållande till TMMi har rekommendationer som riktar sig till enskilda testare på en lägre mognadsnivå, vilket påverkar graden av självständighet för testning. TMMi:s rekommendationer betonar att röktester bör utföras av teamet i större utsträckning än vad som sker för tillfället. / Test improvement models have evolved and become more common since the 1990s. These models strive to give teams and organizations structure in their testing work. TMM, one of the oldest models, was developed in the early 90's and has since provided inspiration for several test improvement models with maturity levels thereafter. Two of them are TMMi and TIM. Both models, which are further worked on from TMM originally, have two different structures when it comes to how different parts of the test function are improved. In a case study, TMMi and TIM have been compared against each other to identify the differences in the models and recommendations from a team working on several consulting assignments. TIM is also evaluated on how current it is in an agile consulting company. The questionnaire and interview were used to collect data and the models were used to generate recommendations for the team. It appears that TIM can be applied to an agile consulting business, mainly because TIM focuses on what to do and the agile methodology focuses on how to do it. The main difference found between TIM and TMMi lies in their structure regarding maturity levels. TIM encourages balanced improvement through separate assessment of key process areas (KPA), so that the studied team has a better understanding of which of them needs to be improved primarily, unlike TMMi, which is stricter in its assessment. TIM in relation to TMMi has recommendations aimed at individual testers at a lower maturity level, which affects the degree of independence for testing. TMMi's recommendations emphasize that smoke tests should be performed by the team to a greater extent than is currently happening.
3

Increasing Trust in Software by Synthesizing Property-based Tests from Existing Unit Tests : A study on the expansion of existing test suites through the creation of property-based tests via invariants inferred from existing example-based unit tests / Ökad tillförlitlighet hos mjukvara genom skapance av egenskapsbaserade tester från befintliga enhetstester : En undersökning av möjligheterna kring att utöka testsviter genom att skapa egenskapsbaserade tester via invarianter utlästa från befintliga exempelbaserade tester

Uggelberg, Richard January 2022 (has links)
Many software projects include an extensive suite of example-based unit tests. The examples in the test suite can be used as an implicit specification of the behavior of the software. Inferring invariants from these examples may aid in the creation of property-based tests. However, the existing research on this topic is scarce and there is none conducted using the inference of invariants. In this thesis, we examine software projects with existing test suites. The Daikon invariant detector is used to infer invariants from test executions. The resulting invariants are then used to formalize properties to be used in property-based tests. The success of the process depends on a few variables. First, the tests have to be descriptive enough to allow any generalization to take place. Second, the Daikon invariant detector needs to be able to create an abstraction from the examples that are not too restrictive nor too lenient. Third, the format of the invariants needs to match available value generator constraints in property-based testing frameworks. Fourth, the resulting tests need to provide some benefit to the test suite. In all experiments, at least one of these requirements is not met. The conclusion is that inferred invariants are likely not useable in the creation of property-based tests. Furthermore, in instances where properties can be derived from invariants, the resulting tests do not practically improve the test suite. For the test suite to be improved, the abstraction of examples needs to describe properties of the software not contained in the existing tests. / Många mjukvaruprojekt använder sig av automatiserade enhetstester. Dessa är ofta baserade på flertalet enskilda exempel. Dessa kan ses som en implicit specifikation. Detta skulle kunna förenkla processen att skapa egenskapsbaserade tester. Tidigare forskning inom detta område är sällsynt och inga tidigare studier använder invarianter för att skapa egenskapsbaserade tester. Invariantdetektionsprogrammet Daikon används för att dynamisk utläsning av invarianter från exekvering av tester. Dessa användas sedan för att formalisera programegenskaper till egenskapsbaserade tester. Denna tekniks framgång är beroende av flera variabler. Befintliga tester måste vara tillräckligt deskriptiva för att kunna abstraheras till generalla egenskaper. Daikon behöver kunna utläsa invarianter from testexekveringen som varken är för generella eller för specifika. Invarianternas format behöver likna generatorfunktioner i egenskapsbaserade testramverk. De skapade egenskapsbaserade testerna behöver bidra positivt till programmets testsvit. I alla experiment fanns brister i åtminstone ett av dessa steg. Således är slutsatsen att automatiskt utlästa invarianter sannolikt inte är ett effektivt sätt att skapa egenskapsbaserade tester. Dessutom, i de fall då egenskapsbaserade tester skapats bidrar de inte till en förbättring av testsviten. För att förbättra testsviten måste de nya testerna beskriva egenskaper som inte redan testas av de befintliga testerna.

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