Theme: The comparison of tests parameters of Czech and world javelin throwers Aim: To compare test batteries of Czech and world javelin throwers from the past to the present time. To characterize individual javelin schools in the world and point to the differences between these schools and compare them with a Czech javelin school. Methods: Our work is mainly focused on the method of comparison. We use this method in result to answer some scientific questions. It was compared 25 elite javelin throwers in total with their average performance 88,84m. For data analysis we used basic descriptive statistics to compare differences between Czech and world javelin throwers. Further, it was also used for the method of research focused on searching of professional publications, training diaries and we also used the method of interview/dialogs between their trainers and competitors to characterize javelin schools and get tests parameters. Results: We can see from gathered results that the Czech javelin school took a different way to achieve this sport performance. That fact was shown in test results. The results of general test batteries of world javelin throwers were higher/better in average than the results of Czech javelin throwers. But the results of special test batteries of Czech javelin throwers were...

A falha por descompressão rápida de gás (Rapid Gas Decompression, RGD) de o’rings elastoméricos assume a forma de trincas, bolhas e cisões, apresentandose após a queda da pressão à qual o selo está exposto. A resistência à RGD tem um papel fundamental nas especificações dos materiais elastoméricos para a indústria do petróleo e gás. No presente trabalho foi desenvolvida uma bancada para ensaios de qualificação de o’rings elastoméricos para testes de resistência por RGD seguindo a norma ISO 23936-2. Para avaliar o desempenho da bancada, quatro ensaios foram realizados utilizando o’rings comerciais com e sem certificado para RGD. A análise das curvas de ensaio evidencia que os parâmetros de ensaio foram atingidos satisfatoriamente. Além disso, taxas lineares de descompressão foram atingidas utilizando um método manual, não obstante uma relevante proposta de melhora é apresentada. / Rapid gas decompression (RGD) damage of elastomeric o’ring seals is the structural failure in the form of blistering, internal cracking and splitting caused upon the release of the pressure the seals are exposed to. RGD resistance plays a key role in the specifications of these components for the oil & gas industry. During this work a test bench was developed for qualification of o’rings RGD resistance according to wellknown international standard ISO 23936-2. In order to evaluate the test bench’s performance, four tests were carried out using o’rings with and without RGD qualification certificates. Analysis of test curves show that test parameters were attained satisfactorily. Furthermore, adequate linear decompression processes were achieved using a manual method, nonetheless a relevant improvement is proposed.

A falha por descompressão rápida de gás (Rapid Gas Decompression, RGD) de o’rings elastoméricos assume a forma de trincas, bolhas e cisões, apresentandose após a queda da pressão à qual o selo está exposto. A resistência à RGD tem um papel fundamental nas especificações dos materiais elastoméricos para a indústria do petróleo e gás. No presente trabalho foi desenvolvida uma bancada para ensaios de qualificação de o’rings elastoméricos para testes de resistência por RGD seguindo a norma ISO 23936-2. Para avaliar o desempenho da bancada, quatro ensaios foram realizados utilizando o’rings comerciais com e sem certificado para RGD. A análise das curvas de ensaio evidencia que os parâmetros de ensaio foram atingidos satisfatoriamente. Além disso, taxas lineares de descompressão foram atingidas utilizando um método manual, não obstante uma relevante proposta de melhora é apresentada. / Rapid gas decompression (RGD) damage of elastomeric o’ring seals is the structural failure in the form of blistering, internal cracking and splitting caused upon the release of the pressure the seals are exposed to. RGD resistance plays a key role in the specifications of these components for the oil & gas industry. During this work a test bench was developed for qualification of o’rings RGD resistance according to wellknown international standard ISO 23936-2. In order to evaluate the test bench’s performance, four tests were carried out using o’rings with and without RGD qualification certificates. Analysis of test curves show that test parameters were attained satisfactorily. Furthermore, adequate linear decompression processes were achieved using a manual method, nonetheless a relevant improvement is proposed.

A falha por descompressão rápida de gás (Rapid Gas Decompression, RGD) de o’rings elastoméricos assume a forma de trincas, bolhas e cisões, apresentandose após a queda da pressão à qual o selo está exposto. A resistência à RGD tem um papel fundamental nas especificações dos materiais elastoméricos para a indústria do petróleo e gás. No presente trabalho foi desenvolvida uma bancada para ensaios de qualificação de o’rings elastoméricos para testes de resistência por RGD seguindo a norma ISO 23936-2. Para avaliar o desempenho da bancada, quatro ensaios foram realizados utilizando o’rings comerciais com e sem certificado para RGD. A análise das curvas de ensaio evidencia que os parâmetros de ensaio foram atingidos satisfatoriamente. Além disso, taxas lineares de descompressão foram atingidas utilizando um método manual, não obstante uma relevante proposta de melhora é apresentada. / Rapid gas decompression (RGD) damage of elastomeric o’ring seals is the structural failure in the form of blistering, internal cracking and splitting caused upon the release of the pressure the seals are exposed to. RGD resistance plays a key role in the specifications of these components for the oil & gas industry. During this work a test bench was developed for qualification of o’rings RGD resistance according to wellknown international standard ISO 23936-2. In order to evaluate the test bench’s performance, four tests were carried out using o’rings with and without RGD qualification certificates. Analysis of test curves show that test parameters were attained satisfactorily. Furthermore, adequate linear decompression processes were achieved using a manual method, nonetheless a relevant improvement is proposed.

Note-taking is ubiquitous. Whether we write down a grocery list, type our intentions for the day, or record a voice note for a friend, we often use notes to externalize our thoughts. We “delegate” this information to “in the world” extensions of our cognition, thus lightening our cognitive loads. The current thesis investigates the effects of note-taking as a form of cognitive offloading in an applied research setting. The note-taking literature is fragmented regarding practical note-taking recommendations for educators. The current thesis advances our knowledge and understanding of the crossover between cognitive offloading, note-taking, and individual differences. The laboratory research presented in this thesis uses novel materials that mimic the classroom environment, with future goals of translating this research into the actual classroom. Chapter 2 explores note-taking from a cognitive offloading perspective and demonstrates how differences in note-taking quantity affect recall. Chapter 3 showcases how differences in learning between note-taking modalities are seen sporadically and only when they intersect with the type of test. Chapter 4 investigates the importance of individual differences (e.g., working memory capacity) when exploring cognitive offloading and note-taking, and demonstrates how surface findings are not generalizable once we investigate underlying individual differences. While our research started as a way to understand how we offload information via note-taking and its effects on learning, we hope our findings and general discussion encourage the reader to explore the generalizability of applied cognitive research. Note-taking is a complex process, and our future work aims to investigate how learners differ and how we might disseminate research in education to be inclusive and diverse. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Imagine a world without technology or external resources to express your thoughts: no “to-do” lists, calendar reminders, sketches, or notes. Since our memory capacities are limited, we often maintain a record of information “in the world”, as opposed to only using our limited memory stores. This form of mental delegation is known as “cognitive offloading”. One way we offload information for future access is through note-taking. In an educational setting, note-taking influences our ability to learn and review information. How we take notes, and their effects on learning, have been debated in the literature. This thesis explores the impact of cognitive offloading and note-taking on learning, and demonstrates the importance of exploring individual differences (e.g., memory capacity and note-taking preference) in applied educational research. Throughout this thesis, we prompt our audience to frame note-taking and cognitive research takeaways through an inclusive educational lens.