Advanced automatic testing is very important in development and research within the vehicle industry. Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) systems give the ability to validate Electronic Control Units (ECUs) based on software simulation without gathering all of the physical hardware. This enables testing by providing inputs and examining the corresponding outputs of the ECUs in a simpler and safer way than in traditional physical testing. HIL offers the advantage that we can verify and validate the functions of ECUs prior to full-scale hardware production. On the contrary, because HIL systems are normally released as general-purpose test beds, it takes time to embed them into the current system. Additionally, the question of how to fill the gap between the HIL and the test environment is even more critical when the test bed is expected to be used for a long period of time without modifications. Furthermore, HIL systems are precious. It is not practical and will be considered as a waste of resource if it is used exclusively by testers. Scania’s RESI group uses Client-Server architecture to make it more flexible. The HIL system is hosted at server side while the testers operate it at client side. This architecture enables different implementations of client and server as long as a same protocol is applied, but this still does not solve the problem that the HIL is not always accessible when the testers want to debug their scripts. The testers want to find a solution to achieve this goal offline (without servers). To solve the problem, we first investigated which programming languages are used in the industry. Without doubt, there is no dominant language that ideally suits all situations, so secondly, we developed a new test environment. The new environment including “Dummy Mode” and “Mat Mode” is able to provide script validation service on basic and logic levels without servers. The result shows the Dummy mode is able to reach a higher detection rate (99.3%) on simple errors comparing to the current environment (81.3%). By reproducing and reusing the result of HIL system, Mat mode is able to identify logic errors and provide better assistance when the logic errors are found. In general, the proposed environment is able to show a better way of using HIL which makes the whole system more efficient and productive. / I fordonsindustrin ställs stora krav på avancerad automatiserad testning. För att utvärdera Electronic Control Units (ECUs) används så kallade Hardware-In-the-Loop-system (HIL) för att simulera den omkringliggande hårdvaran. Detta möjliggör enklare samt säkrare testning av ECU-komponenterna än vid traditionell fysisk testning. Med hjälp av HIL kan ECUs testas innan en fullskalig produktion sätts igång. Då HIL-system vanligtvis utvecklas för ett brett användningsområde kan det ta tid att skräddarsy dem för ett specifikt system. Ett annat viktigt problem vi ställs inför är skillnaderna mellan HIL-systemet och testmiljön, då testfallen förväntas att användas en längre tid utan förändringar. Vidare är HIL-system kostsamma. Det anses vara varken praktiskt eller ekonomiskt att låta HIL-system enbart användas av testare. Scanias RESI-grupp använder en klient-server-arkitektur för att åstadkomma flexibilitet HIL-systemet körs på serversidan medan testarna arbetar på klientsidan. Den här typen av arkitektur öppnar upp för olika implementationer på klient- samt serversida, förutsatt att samma kommunikationsprotokoll används. En nackdel med den nuvarande lösningen är att HIL-systemet inte alltid finns tillgängligt när testarna vill felsöka deras programskript. Testarna vill hitta en lösning där det går att utföra felsökningen lokalt, utan tillgång till servrar. För att kunna lösa problemet undersöktes först vilka programmeringsspråk som används inom industrin. Undersökningen visar på att det finns inget programmeringsspråk som är idealt för alla ändamål. Vidare utvecklades en ny testmiljö som tillhandahåller testlägena "Dummy Mode" samt "Mat Mode". Testmiljön kan användas för att validera programskript på grund- och logiknivå utan att kommunicera mot servrar. Resultatet visar att "Dummy Mode" detekterar upp till 99.3% av enklare typ av fel än motsvarande 81.3% i nuvarande testmiljön. Genom att reproducera och återanvända resultat av HIL-systemet kan “Mat Mode” identifiera logikfel samt ge en bättre indikation om vad felen innebär. Generellt sätt kan den föreslagna testmiljön visa på ett bättre användande av HIL, som gör hela systemet mer effektivt och produktivt.

Context. During each iteration of the application, we need to test the usability of the application. Therefore, how to improve efficiency and test according to the user's real experience is a problem faced by the company. According to our preliminary research on the literature. In the past, the usability of software systems was evaluated subjectively and the process was not well defined [21]. Every usability evaluation method has its advantages and disadvantages. Some are difficult to apply, and others are dependent on the measurer's opinions or instruments [21]. Moreover, currently, there are few studies on usability testing for e-commerce applications. And there is a lack of a usability test optimization scheme suitable for e-commerce applications. Therefore, we choose this direction for research. Objectives. This paper aims to provide an optimization method for usability testing process based on user requirements for e-commerce applications existing in the market, so that enterprises can more effectively implement the usability testing process in the process of iterative update of applications. Methods. In order to find the answers to the research questions, we used Literature review and Survey to collect the data. In the Survey section, we used the Questionnaire and Interview methods. After the data collection is completed, we perform quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data and organize the research conclusions. Results. Through a literature review, we conducted a systematic review of the usability challenges in e-commerce applications and how to overcome them. And we found the research direction in this process. We use the questionnaire to obtain the usability requirements of respondents (also users of e-commerce applications) for e-commerce applications, and use our optimization method (EEC) to translate user's requirements into usability test script content. And according to the feedback of the respondents to determine the content priority. We used interviews to understand the priorities that companies follow when actually performing usability testing. And compare it with the priority of our script to verify the effectiveness of our method. Conclusions. We summarize relevant conclusions by finding answers to research questions. Finally, an optimization method for usability testing is summarized, which will help future testers better implement usability testing to a certain extent.