Restructuring processes provide key dynamics for the development and transformation of industrial structures. Industrial restructuring can be conceptualized by product and/or process innovations including technological improvements and relocation of industry. Such forms of transformation can be investigated by a critical examination of industrial relations. This thesis is motivated from such a consideration of understanding and interpreting industrial transformation in a specific time and space setting. Textile and garment industry is a good case to explore the abovementioned concepts. Firstly global and national dimensions of industry are investigated. It is understood that quota free regulations of trade and relocation of production have been shaping a fierce global competition by which employment, supply and marketing relations change dramatically at the world scale. In such new competitive conditions Turkish textile and garment industry has been losing its growth dynamics in terms of price competition advantage. Secondly Denizli case is investigated. In-depth interviews with firms, related chambers and unions are made during field survey. Thesis argued that Denizli has locked to a passive exporter role. In this lock-in process, the sector could not transform itself by innovative modes of restructuring. The passive exporter role disables region to adopt innovative product strategies and to shift production to other regions where cost cutting opportunities are provided. Industrialists decrease production costs informally including employment unregistered workers. However although survey results point out locked industrial dynamics, Denizli region still have the potential of regional development thanks to its entrepreneurial sprit and rising other economic sectors.

El objetivo de la presente tesis es identificar los factores que influyen positivamente en el desarrollo exportador de las pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMES) del sector textil y confecciones en Lima. Esto con el fin de conocer las diferencias entre las PYMES exportadoras y las que no exportan. El estudio del sector se delimita en las subpartidas 6109100031 (t-shirt de algodón para hombre o mujer) y 6109100039 (los demás "t-shirts" de algodón, para hombres o mujeres) ya que el sector es muy amplio y diverso. La investigación tiene un enfoque cuantitativo con una muestra de 35 PYMES exportadoras y 48 PYMES no exportadoras en la cual se aplica un estudio concluyente y descriptivo para responder el objetivo planteado. Además, tiene un enfoque no experimental por el estudio de la situación actual del sector y un estudio transversal en el cual se aplica una encuesta a la muestra detallada. La investigación se basa en la información incluida en el Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) en su reporte para Perú en 2016-2017. Dicho estudio menciona que las PYMES se internacionalizan dentro de los primeros cinco años de creación. No obstante, solo el 1.5% de estas empresas tienen clientes potenciales en el extranjero. Asimismo, los resultados de la encuesta aplicada en el presente estudio y GEM Perú 2016-2017 comprueban que variables como las características del empresario, factores internos de la empresa y características del sector influyen positivamente en el desarrollo exportador de las PYMES en Lima Metropolitana. / The purpose of this thesis is to identify the factors that positively influence the export development of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the textile and garment sector in Lima. This is to know the differences between exporting SMEs and those that do not export. The study of the sector is limited to subheadings 6109100031 (cotton shirt for men or women) and 6109100039 (the other cotton "shirts" for men and women) since the sector is very broad and diverse. The research has a quantitative approach with a sample of 35 exporting SMEs and 48 non-exporting SMEs in which a conclusive and descriptive study is applied to meet the set of objectives. In addition, it has a non-experimental approach when studying the current situation of the sector and a cross-sectional study in which a survey is applied to the detailed sample. The study is based on the information included in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) in its report for Peru in 2016-2017. This study mentions that SMEs are internationalized within the first five years of creation; however, only 1.5% of these companies have potential clients abroad. Likewise, the results of the survey applied in the present study and GEM Peru 2016-2017 verify that variables such as the characteristics of the entrepreneur, the internal factors of the company and the characteristics of the sector have a positive influence on the export development of SMEs in Metropolitan Lima / Tesis